Observation Requirement, Booking & Calculation Process/Procedure For Optical Level

OBSERVATION REQUIREMENT, BOOKING &
CALCULATION
PROCESS/PROCEDURE
FOR OPTICAL LEVEL
Zaki AD
OBSERVATIONS REQUIREMENTS
Readings are to be made in the following sequence/order
• 1. Backsight:
• A. Lower stadia
• B. Upper stadia
• C. middle stadia (level)
• 2. Foresight:
• D. Middle stadia (level)
• E. lower stadia
• F. upper stadia
• 3. Foresight
• G. middle stadia (level)
• 4. Backsight
• H. middle stadia (level)
OBSERVATIONS REQUIREMENTS
1. The time taken between reading C&D and G&H should be

reduced to a minimum
2. Between reading F – G, the telescope is to be dislevelled by

turning the gradienter screw and carefully relevelled by the use of
the same screw only
3. Readings are to be made to the nearest 0.00001 m
• Note : C - middle stadia (level) - backsight

D - middle stadia (level) - foresight
F - upper stadia - foresight
G - middle stadia (level) - foresight
H - middle stadia (level) - backsight
TOLERANCE
Readings must be cancelled and reread if;
 The sum of the stadia readings does not agree with

the sum of the two level readings on the same staff
and to within 0.0050 meter
 The difference between the two level readings on

the same staff is more than 0.0006 meter
LINE OF SIGHT
 Line of sight should not pass close to the ground.

Readings must not be made to the lowest 0.3 m of the
staff
 The optimum length of sight is about 40m (Max 50m)
 The back and forward staffs should be equidistant from

the precise level instrument, to within 1m
OBSERVATION PERIOD
 Observations should be made in the early morning and

late afternoon.
 Observation must be discontinued when the

atmospheric conditions make observations difficult
CRITERION FOR REJECTION
 Sections must be relevelled if the discrepancy between

forward and backward levelling (double runs) exceeds
(0.003 √ K) meter where K is the distance in
kilometers.
DIFFERENCE IN LEVEL
 The difference in level will be obtained from the mean

difference of the two level line readings.
 Stadia line readings are to serve as a check on gross

error only and are not to be included in the
computations
METHOD OF READING/BOOKING
 Readings are to be made with the telescope in the normal position
only (the bubble on the left of the instrument)
 Readings are to be made in the following sequence/order;
• 1. Backsight:
• A. Lower stadia
• B. Upper stadia
• C. middle stadia (level)
• 2. Foresight:
• D. Middle stadia (level)
• E. lower stadia
• F. upper stadia
• 3. Foresight
• G. middle stadia (level)
• 4. Backsight
• H. middle stadia (level)
BOOKING PROCESS
Obsn.No: Date: Time: Temp:
Staff Reading
Backsight Foresight Note: Back staff at BM A
Stadia Level Level Stadia Reduced Level is 10.000m
Diff. In height
Bring forward 10.0000
Total
Distance: Distance: Observer

BOOKING PROCESS
Obsn.No: 99 Date: 09-09-9009 Time: 09.09AM Temp: 9O C
Staff Reading
B C D F
A H G E Diff. In height
Total
Distance: Distance: Observer Dr Sr Zacci

CALCULATION PROCESS
Staff Reading
B C D F
J=(B+A) K=(C+H) L=(D+G) M=(F+E) Bring forward 10.0000
Total
Distance: Distance: Observer Zacci

CALCULATION PROCESS
Staff Reading
B C D F
N=(B-A) P=(C-H) Q=(D-G) R=(F-E) Total

CALCULATION PROCESS
Staff Reading
B C D F
A H G E Diff. In height (K/2-L/2)=S
N=(B-A) P=(C-H) Q=(D-G) R=(F-E) Total

CALCULATION PROCESS
Staff Reading
B C D F
N=(B-A) P=(C-H) Q=(D-G) R=(F-E) Total T= S+10.0000

CALCULATION PROCESS
Staff Reading
B C D F
N=(B-A) P=(C-H) Q=(D-G) R=(F-E) Total T= S+10.0000
Distance: Nx100 = DBS Distance: Rx100 = DFS Observer Zacci

Example of Calculation
Obsn.No: 1 Date: 29.2.2004 Time: 9.00am Temp: 25
Staff Reading
Stadia(cm) Level(cm) Level(cm) Stadia(cm) Reduced Level is 12.345m
300.292 279.469 76.52 97.251
258.65 279.471 76.523 55.769 Diff. In height
Total
Obsever Zacci
Distance(m) Distance(m) Recorder Zacci
DIFFERENCE IN LEVEL
• The difference in level will be obtained from the mean difference of the two level line
readings
• Stadia line readings are to serve as a check on gross error only
Staff Reading
300.292 279.469 76.52 97.251
258.65 279.471 76.523 55.769 Diff. In height
558.942 558.94 153.043 153.02 Bring forward 12.34500
Total
Obsever Zacci
DIFFERENCE IN LEVEL
readings
Staff Reading
300.292 279.469 76.52 97.251
258.65 279.471 76.523 55.769 Diff. In height
558.942 558.94 153.043 153.02 Bring forward 12.34500
41.642 -0.002 -0.003 41.482 Total
Obsever Zacci
DIFFERENCE IN LEVEL
readings
Staff Reading
300.292 279.469 76.52 97.251
258.65 279.471 76.523 55.769 Diff. In height 2.02949
558.942 558.94 153.043 153.02 Bring forward 12.34500
41.642 -0.002 -0.003 41.482 Total
Obsever Zacci
DIFFERENCE IN LEVEL
readings
Staff Reading
300.292 279.469 76.52 97.251
258.65 279.471 76.523 55.769 Diff. In height 2.02949
558.942 558.94 153.043 153.02 Bring forward 12.34500
41.642 -0.002 -0.003 41.482 Total 14.37449
Obsever Zacci
DIFFERENCE IN LEVEL
readings
Staff Reading
300.292 279.469 76.52 97.251
258.65 279.471 76.523 55.769 Diff. In height 2.02949
558.942 558.94 153.043 153.02 Bring forward 12.34500
41.642 -0.002 -0.003 41.482 Total 14.37449
Obsever Zacci
Distance(m) 41.642 Distance(m) 41.482 Recorder Zacci
DIFFERENCE IN LEVEL
readings

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OBSERVATION REQUIREMENT, BOOKING &

1. The time taken between reading C&D and G&H should be

2. Between reading F – G, the telescope is to be dislevelled by

3. Readings are to be made to the nearest 0.00001 m

• Note : C - middle stadia (level) - backsight

Readings must be cancelled and reread if;

 The sum of the stadia readings does not agree with

 The difference between the two level readings on

 Line of sight should not pass close to the ground.

 The optimum length of sight is about 40m (Max 50m)

 The back and forward staffs should be equidistant from

 Observations should be made in the early morning and

 Observation must be discontinued when the

 Sections must be relevelled if the discrepancy between

 The difference in level will be obtained from the mean

 Stadia line readings are to serve as a check on gross

Obsn.No: Date: Time: Temp:

Backsight Foresight Note: Back staff at BM A

Stadia Level Level Stadia Reduced Level is 10.000m

Bring forward 10.0000

Distance: Distance: Observer

Obsn.No: 99 Date: 09-09-9009 Time: 09.09AM Temp: 9O C

Backsight Foresight Note: Back staff at BM A

Stadia Level Level Stadia Reduced Level is 10.000m

Bring forward 10.0000

Distance: Distance: Observer Dr Sr Zacci

Obsn.No: 99 Date: 09-09-9009 Time: 09.09AM Temp: 9O C

Backsight Foresight Note: Back staff at BM A

Stadia Level Level Stadia Reduced Level is 10.000m

J=(B+A) K=(C+H) L=(D+G) M=(F+E) Bring forward 10.0000

Distance: Distance: Observer Zacci

Obsn.No: 99 Date: 09-09-9009 Time: 09.09AM Temp: 9O C

Backsight Foresight Note: Back staff at BM A

Stadia Level Level Stadia Reduced Level is 10.000m

J=(B+A) K=(C+H) L=(D+G) M=(F+E) Bring forward 10.0000

N=(B-A) P=(C-H) Q=(D-G) R=(F-E) Total

Distance: Distance: Observer Zacci

Obsn.No: 99 Date: 09-09-9009 Time: 09.09AM Temp: 9O C

Backsight Foresight Note: Back staff at BM A

Stadia Level Level Stadia Reduced Level is 10.000m

A H G E Diff. In height (K/2-L/2)=S

J=(B+A) K=(C+H) L=(D+G) M=(F+E) Bring forward 10.0000

N=(B-A) P=(C-H) Q=(D-G) R=(F-E) Total

Distance: Distance: Observer Zacci

Obsn.No: 99 Date: 09-09-9009 Time: 09.09AM Temp: 9O C

Backsight Foresight Note: Back staff at BM A

Stadia Level Level Stadia Reduced Level is 10.000m

A H G E Diff. In height (K/2-L/2)=S

J=(B+A) K=(C+H) L=(D+G) M=(F+E) Bring forward 10.0000

N=(B-A) P=(C-H) Q=(D-G) R=(F-E) Total T= S+10.0000

Distance: Distance: Observer Zacci

Obsn.No: 99 Date: 09-09-9009 Time: 09.09AM Temp: 9O C

Backsight Foresight Note: Back staff at BM A

Stadia Level Level Stadia Reduced Level is 10.000m

A H G E Diff. In height (K/2-L/2)=S

J=(B+A) K=(C+H) L=(D+G) M=(F+E) Bring forward 10.0000

N=(B-A) P=(C-H) Q=(D-G) R=(F-E) Total T= S+10.0000

Distance: Nx100 = DBS Distance: Rx100 = DFS Observer Zacci

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