ATPL (A)

Review Worksheets

033 FLIGHT PLANNING

& MONITORING

BY KDMN
2020
I/VFR NAVIGATION
01 RADIO NAVIGATION CHART
a) RESTRICTED AIRSPACES:

➔ P area: strictly prohibited to air traffic.

➔ R area: restricted area, subject to certain condition.
➔ D area: danger area.

b) MINIMUM HEIGHT:

➔ Over high-density area: 1000ft above the highest obstacle in a 600m radius around the a/c.
➔ Otherwise, 500 ft above ground level or water level.

c) MINIMUM SAFE ALTITUDE MSA:

➔ If obstacle height ≤ 5000ft -> obstacle clearance is 1000ft.

➔ If obstacle height > 5000ft -> obstacle clearance is 2000ft.

➔ Shown by a magenta color on chart: 43=4300ft, within a rectangle.

➔ On VAC, MSA is represented by (upper right corner on the VAC chart):

d) ALTITUDE CORRECTION:

➔ From pressure: 1 HPa=28 ft or 30ft.

Ex1: Aerodrome Altitude = 2000 ft, QNH = 993. Δ(HPa) = 1013 – 993 = 10. Δ(ft)= 300ft -> PA =
2000 + 300 = 2300ft.
Ex2: Aerodrome Altitude = 2000ft QNH = 1023. Δ(HPa) = 1013 – 1023 = -10. Δ(ft)= -300ft ->
PA = 2000 - 300 = 1700ft.
To know if you have to add/subtract Δ(HPa), draw a schema knowing that pressure decreases
with altitude.

PA = 2300ft 2000ft
QNH = 993

1013
 ➔ From temperature: Ztrue=Zindicated + 4ft/1000ft/1°CΔISA. “The warmer the higher, the colder the
lower”
Ex: Zindicated= 6500ft, T°C = 0°, ΔISA=-2°C
‘’-‘’ because colder than ISA
➔ Ztrue = 6500 – 4ftx6.5x2 = 6448ft

Height Altitude Pressure altitude (FL)

QFE

QNH
1013.25HPa

e) SEMI-CIRCULAR RULE IN VFR:

➔ Above 3000ft QNH or above Transition Altitude, we flight in Flight Level FL according to the
semi-circular rule.
➔ On a given chart, the transition altitude TA is the altitude above which we flight at FL.
➔ On a given chart, the transition level TL is the level below which we flight at an altitude.
➔ We choose a FL according to the Magnetic Track the pilot follows.

359°

0°
FL
45 FL
« EVEN » 65 35
85 55
105 75
125 « ODD »
95
… 115
135
180° …

179°

• Information for Airports:

Airport ID
XXXX
xxxxxx Airport name
350 124.25 22

Length of the longest rwy 22 = 2200m

Elevation
Frequency
 f) RADIO NAVIGATION:
➔ VOR : gives outline of the position, oriented from magnetic north

➔ DME: gives outline of the distance.

02 ROUTES – DISTANCES – TIMES

Time of Climb (min) = H/ROC H : height in ft,

ROC : Rate of climb in ft/min,
Dair = 100 x H / ϒ GS: Ground speed in kt,
TAS: True Air speed in kt,
DGND = Dair x GS/TAS
Dair: air distance in NM
DGND = Hx GS / (ROCx60) DGND: ground distance in NM

➔ For distance, time, use Ground speed.

a) TOP OF CLIMB TOC AND TOP OS DESCENT TOD:

TOP TOD