PHYSICS

CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND

MOTION I
FORCE 2.1 – 2.2
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2

Chapter 2 Force and Motion I

• 2.1 Linear Motion
• 2.2 Linear Motion Graphs
• 2.3 Free Fall Motion
• 2.4 Inertia
• 2.5 Momentum
• 2.6 Force
• 2.7 Impulse and Impulsive Force
• 2.8 Weight
2.1 Linear Motion
straight line is called linear motion.
Motion in a _____________
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2

2.1 Linear Motion

jarak sesaran

Linear motion can be described in terms of distance, displacement,

speed, velocity and acceleration.

laju halaju pecutan

 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2

2.1 Linear Motion

Displacement is 2m.
Distance is
(6m + 4m = 10m)
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2

2.1 Linear Motion kedudukan awal

dan kedudukan
panjang akhir
lintasan
 kadar perubahan kadar perubahan
Speed and Velocity jarak sesaran
 PHYSICS

In Science, rate mean a quantity

CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2

divided by time
Change of a quantity mean the difference
between initial quantity dan final quantity.
So, when you say, the rate of change of distance,
meaning

Length of route covered divide by time taken.

If you say, the rate of change of velocity, meaning

Change of velocity divide by time taken, such as

Final velocity minus initial velocity, then divide by
time taken.
VELOCITY

Two bicycles moving in opposite directions.

If the velocity of bicycle X moving to the right is of positive value, then
velovity of bicycle Y moving in the opposite direction is negative value.
EXAMPLE 1
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
malar/tetap 2.1– 2.2

Acceleration (constant)
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2

Acceleration
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I

Recognise the 2.1– 2.2

Acceleration uniform and

non-uniform
Differentiate the
Time taken
Time intervals

Recognise the
velocity and
increasing velocity

The displacement of the blue car increases at equal time intervals.

Therefore, the blue car is moving at increasing velocity. In this case, the
blue car accelerates in the same direction as the motion of the car
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2

Acceleration

Acceleration

Deceleration

If the displacement decreases at equal time intervals, the

velocity decreases as shown above.
The car is experiencing deceleration. Deceleration : velocity decreasing.
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I

Ticker Timer 2.1– 2.2

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E7gNFtjsK00
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2

Ticker Timer
Ticker Timer
A ticker timer fitted with ticker tape is used to investigate linear motion of
objects in the laboratory.
A ticker timer works on alternating current of frequency
50 Hz to make 50 ticks in 1 second on a ticker tape.
The time interval between two adjacent dots is called
one tick.
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2
Pattern of ticks on a ticker tape and the type of motion of object
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2

From the ticker tape, we can determine

(i)
Time:

the frequency of the ticker timer = 50 Hz ( 50 ticks in 1 second)

so, time taken for 1 tick = = 0.02 seconds

then, time taken for 7 ticks = 0.02 x 7 = 0.14 seconds

(ii) Displacement

xy = displacement
(iii) Velocity and acceleration
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2

Using Ticker Timer to calculate velocity Using Ticker Timer to calculate Acceleration

What is Initial
Velocity

Formula of
What is Final Acceleration
Velocity

a=
a = = 1000 ms-2
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2

Using Ticker Timer to calculate velocity Using Ticker Timer to calculate Acceleration

Time taken of
the travelling Time taken of the
for certain acceleration is the
displacement time taken of
change of velocity
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2

Velocity

Time taken of the travelling

for certain displacement
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2

Acceleration

Time taken bagi pecutan ialah

masa diambil bagi halaju
berubah bukan masa berapa
jauh objek tu jalan!
 PHYSICS
Lets check an experiment using Ticker Timer CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
Discussion: 2.1– 2.2

Discuss the patterns of motion

obtained from the ticker tape.

The ticker tape can be divided into strips with

an equal number of ticks. These strips are cut
and attached side by side on a piece of graph
paper to form a ticker tape chart

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzf_Q7GOKSE
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2

(v) Determine the acceleration

u = = 15
a=

a= v = = 40

a=

=25.0 m s-2
TICKER TIMER CHART
EXAMPLE

Alternating Current
EXAMPLE

X
EXAMPLE
time taken for 1 tick
= 1/50 = 0.02 s

X
time taken for 5 ticks
= 5 x 0.02 s
= 0.1 s

velocity
=
= 50 cm
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2

by CHU MP
 PHYSICS
Solving Problems of Linear Motion Using Linear Motion Equations CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2

Four linear motion equations

 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2

by CHU MP
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2

by CHU MP
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2

Please complete the exercise Formative Practice 2.1 (page 36)

by CHU MP
2.2 Linear Motion Graphs
DISPLACEMENT-TIME GRAPH
The quantities that can be determined from graph

Displacement s at a specific time t

1 1

Time t at a specific displacement s

2 2

Velocity, v at a specific time t

3 3

Average velocity, v at 45

a specific time interval between t and t 4 5

Displacement s1 at
a specific time t1
Time t2 at a specific
displacement s2
Velocity, v3 at a
specific time t3
Average velocity,
v45 at a specific
time interval
between t4 and t5

Displacement-time graph
VELOCITY-TIME GRAPH
The quantities that can be determined from graph

Velocity v at a specific time t

1 1

Time t at a specific velocity v

2 2

Acceleration, a
Displacement, s or distance travelled in
a time interval such as between t and t 3 4
Velocity v1 at a
specific time t1
Time t2 at a
specific velocity v2

Acceleration, a
Displacement, s or distance travelled in
a time interval such as between t3 and t4
ACCELERATION-TIME GRAPH
The quantities that can be determined from graph

Acceleration, a at a specific time t

1 1

Time t at a specific acceleration a

2 2

Rate of change of acceleration

Acceleration, a1 at
a specific time t1

Time t2 at a specific
acceleration a2

Rate of change of
acceleration
Displacement - time Graph Velocity - time Graph Acceleration - time Graph
Analysis of Displacement-Time Graph to determine Distance, Displacement
and Velocity

VELOCITY
= GRADIENT OF
GRAPH
How do average speed
and average velocity
determined from the
displacement-time
graph?

INITIAL FINAL
POINT POINT
Analysis of Velocity-Time Graph to determine Distance, Displacement,
Velocity and Acceleration

ACCELERATION
= GRADIENT OF
GRAPH
Distance = Area under graph
Try to determine
the average speed
and average
velocity for the

To the right
velocity-time
graph above.

To the left

by CHU MP
Interpreting and Sketching Graphs Jarak antara 2 titik semakin
besar => halaju bertambah

halaju bertambah, oleh

itu jarak dirangkum halaju bertambah Halaju bertambah,
semakin besar bagi bermakna ada pecutan.
tempoh yg sama
area = 30 x 6
½
(30x4)
 (6 , 30)

(0 , 30)

Acceleration =
(10 , 0)
Gradient =
 PHYSICS

Solving Problems Involving Linear Motion Graphs CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2

(3 , 6) (6 , 6)

(10 , 0)

(10 , 0)
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I
2.1– 2.2

(10 , 10)
(0 , 10)

(30 , 16)

(50 , 0)
 PHYSICS
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION I

EXERCISES
2.1– 2.2

FORMATIVE PRACTICE 2.2

QUESTION 2
QUESTION 3
QUESTION 4
Reaction time is how long it takes
to respond to a situation by
moving your foot from the
accelerator pedal to the brake
pedal. The average reaction time is
3/4 of a second. Reaction distance
is how far a vehicle travels during
this time.