Hams Kelsen Pura Theort oaw

(1881-/973)

Homs Kelsen s b n in Pragu (Ausa

Seved as of law at Vtenna
Professar Uniesl,
Judge o The Supreme Constitaional Court ofAastnis
m
fAem 192e 1930 he alpo AAved as rkss
Umvenstes md, a u h r d mang
Vaious Amnitam

boors (Austian Lemstttim it2) Gennal Tharre

Lsd oma siak ( nus) Tha Pune. heery lali934),

Pinples of alnatinal Lawt 117 ek)

He wa Emrits Polessar at Cal ias
oiengl m Polckcal Stienu n eseprunde
the RnaThaoy e2 lan, h i umiju conbibutiou
to aga theory, by dich ke nasived tha analzcl

hn Tha las must

Accordng to
emamwfe from s o t i l Acwmces sycholg
Socalogy PAzhasopky, his eke He hied i

eskssh Aupne lau wriich will ha

m tha
Asnse. That t wll auetly esche
all melaphysicak, ekial, motal, sgekological
Gnd Aolngieal elemeik, So he kie Áut
autonomous legal deene om positvisic
empirical
frumdatigms ke constanty cnihieised the dlea el
uelia and the prinuihle f natinal udie.
 S
E

()
 ne!
ACNco is palla o acewrately, dusnibed, dlomi
i S
when
nd digcoved n te fon e is O nlha
heted ti 1oc, hmau, 'Eis brlng
1kheuse
T a and wten N stesls f m
buE
not usd
ACowaht % be punished. ka 1s becu
u
used for the of lasd, t
norm
ougnt S
tor kenit daubt, "R ma
Amay be acquted a
lomplula Axap hom
he tual v
on
die baore
Palia u n a l a To gu honek,
the Piso and ta

Samden for kelsn '1s also a

clam
hom forbiddimg r Pnetrubinga
neuns
Sehaviou. hasl orden tha nadrachy of
Aanctum also as a nom, whistrebna
amd
haing
nonms
r h i c Comprise gal
is dyp hese
meral
astinquishe agal noTm t i
d.Kelsen

akeal-*is amokaknaun
Pue ShalLnot Au must J
do a a l nonn,
to onvont it
ut a n a l s , t e eught
ason
Tfa
Coencae rrca. sa.
Aem rgan
or

by kh Comalant
to be unshed
nom ales l a
in tha lagal
This gaE for violain e
to be applicd
whreh
ancion
child nst t
n'sucles tn
Themetta
law
tha idge, buk
Ika chd
Feieuaom fhan mona
take
Kea.
k valatin o
s om Thone
nm
rund Nun: It y also talled Basic Non. Tn
am

hs Syslem one naam daseS Validy from

tha ughost the
lastly , norm on
h non amd
te
posikon denives Yalidl thom th Grwnd nom.
explaned he lmal aysm k e a yramidel
rucne which tha Crund Nem a t ha aper.

He xplained that lou und norm

nAm domyes valisitiy fem highe one
Norm
Nom from Narm 2, Novm2 pan Novm3 Norm3
Nnm 3 Aem NoyYmG omd nso
an,
Horm[
til to lesk nenm sonis valiajhem ruuM nam
ut taded the a n s u h e rom ha
rndnonm demias Vahdik
Accerrungto Kim
h
n ich funistnea
ama hgalL quuiin
no s tnbu CoLndrorm a s
Kalsants
bukAala dhe cllad
a upohesia
Migmal hougkt het
is Lenclt Gmnd mem is
ian. testrd.
sbeetiely
Cam met e
NoamS:- n
o egal
Cnotisoatien

nDAM. demues validsy from

te sapeiis nonm wlicd
ë cessos ond lastly t h k
IS Auperin to preda
Grndnom. hus
l a aysam o agl
a h a s to tto fo tta upend
durnusand
Mms emods hom Aia Grundnorm at Ia
elotes a
and hnuly t
ndnoun s tha nelta Aoaa, esonomic
t
 ond l Londitions ad t s ppased o
oca
be valid y kself.
Pratie TIusttiks]
Cnattaton f ndia ough4 be ALnovm)

tLe Panhaumnt
lk
hao gmn lke Ddia
aue Novm

ugasia uon y lonslilumg

G pG Novm
The Panament is embueLd
amt 4e(Pansnt A )
muele unluu, hrkanal
Parhanl
No
niresiGAU pamd ly tu
S

Utuf
The SlLnbaule
The Saud pea
epella,
}faviksu dranan
given as 3
Pborluny k m g
Nata 1s3nel tó a sSrlont " l a Noym

Nor

A student AU.misbe/4
aved wilk Raaishar.

nstitu g*Ad
EP.C. bugk b be. henda requ bn st m
AAawandd hfe
mmnionmant undu TP.
hout
kelled m g l u ,
my hody h o Noun
a ndn LP.C,

aled egtablshh 0 ne
fenta Nom _

Trial un comee Norm 3.

A a n amliel by Paltee Narm 2
Undn Cr-P.c.

FER agalnst H' for Novm L

comméTing mundr fhisS
Sevamt 3
 Aars as a technugua
Kalsen chanailanisool
a
Boual 0gamusaton -
LE ot an end is
appanau a C o r
ion
am

p e i e d meams,a
Law
wlhsut any etmical atachnart.
To Lhiosmoi politat oi

omronaisao}
net an elnnal saund aln but a

m u ConapE
amd tusou
ouial nes
kuktung whtsoe-
mona connotlons,
no
lashas
ef

Slaa
Auovding Kalsem , lawa emr
md
a n m fasl
aL nsk diffrent bwt Aty,

Allany Ahu n o dflanca

Aam nahna þusonahly,
Pivale (aw
Pnhbe lons m d
becau all lgal Poson k s
and muste pnsenahy,
and d n i o s auhnl om
ane ial mdirid
habese. mAlagal Ajlg and
mundnnm. He dses mat
ar
dutis au Astnta
asek Ihat kgal
 kakas's hon Theor-
Salient Fealis A

UThu aum of nlil by

nalunal

arhusian
eute Chaps a n l

Can junisl a n d
Zhu pulosah
ladis and
h a t Ata
e) This denls wlli
haory
be
2mathant Aka lad nght
naumaiie
a
Aau a
consdus
BTha Tkeoj a
nahnsl Saana
as
1a
A u s n a andd

m Law
odtnieo
Aause nam
Aha

ACante, ta wkich.

wlt Ak ffaivenes
mud lomnneA

nnm

lans, Conpined
mmal hasry
s) Et a U

a artitul sys 4 p&tv llass

h
achialy
am efeuobieu, Ao
whsch n
ulins
no helatim A
bore
kas
heery
Cuticism oKelsen whe-wt any
Lau &
fu theoryof
.The
azdudes all 0 u a
hundrhon as t
ocialngil
amd need the socaly:
a

Crund num
nams
'erduding Gadnonm

The Aa
2 Apgica
Aecaus2
whon
relr
S no ond
prliheak
oin

Voiaus n

s the attee pune, dsi

ts nof- lself se
enmRdoud
bosed
apothes,
valdt fram
on

nems
denwing
SHABL kugnl
Vulzus SAane amarked
üe
mitd To foge-
We auL ton
kmratis
legetiMats the amcaskors
gen
he pne Hood apolhatica
on
shakd becn
3. h a Then
actiabi
,
wlnout any
menca
fhom ia
ansienahon

o divest das
isnot þossibla nesds
souas
and
doko1-
dhtal

as mus

aeten o msbe
Kalsen's nst be
daw tm
true-
lands
not
emeten e l i i is
d and mohally
o v o L d
pom
Conlete
ey hmpuialla-
Mace
am
i
hich gves
5 Kelsen m Laus t i e l 5

e p n Knosledge anol 1hat n untomtromg

khisk 1s hua hom jnstivcé

and rs nesssn n Aho

Vdon, odessra,
mtie Cm
m fart 4 7ha pua theory
tdenl uslco yA mati e oltial
las decausa
ionc

la He
Kelsen nepanalid h pum Aaory
buk now days nanal l a s
halunal Aaw) a

akssbli tdenks
Thio fae
thaons do net asahsh
nalnal Aaw
thak
kmem i keben alss,
wa nS
nalralL law
assnmg hat
Kn
ns amd
nanm Kan ^ostie laa
nenns
Mwmg Tk
ngamSed
mankema
wld Aignly
ha
wsul Come closu amd clos
posetie law
Aa Aipfiona 4 p u (hung
nalnl law, am
wul diSbfes.
Madu Ahtoreo
amd m
amy
 Positi vism 0
mpact al analylica
Indian daw analyttal pi
hat tha a
We knod
mor

a Eykil agel yolan

for
s domisai la
on
based
lun,
whitkig maml,
toleuwrg assunëons:- Grandnnn f
Ansihn/rr
E Srieraign f
) aihorl
A das aulng
Kelsen is md
as ts,
law
an n i l i r a l l a u e h

Dmharis
(U) manahly,,
elkies,
Klson
was
arkich.
n sanclm laws.
Cny Zosislance
ehund
enucanant q
a
Caencve fora
aoppo4
bositivism
analytial
Thus Atie aulberdp
in uheh a
te Caacie
nalir 4 laus, axien_may
guolinedl,
Cam m t he
makL
auw

ia.
be A
demand
f tn I

Tha
Endan lagal syaln
(ndapendamta)
Bviish
Aule (batore ndanta ka,
freInddape
o h
ee2aigm
e e r a c t i n i i i s .

ayeve Th Lonaflt
anflnas by keleesn
prmchiznlly 4rund
nnmf
is Aonctiine
Aha

Commandt k .
a h h t it,
wrld
ako
 The postndependanco keniod, tich tame
no forca AmTha fom o logal A
mboduckon lka Ldhan onstruhonie.261k
ined o r n d notm
1t m a y alao
e
Jom, 19so) euactmauts

Aka lagislotwa
becausa a l l
F Kalsen, Conitchiom Inds
tha
desived Validib from alao
weha
laus
enlie
Pisig
amd h e

dobseelzd t .
tha a
naalise that
Wa must
wle trannd
anl dagislTue
G dges
and manyothen
sidesd Ja
tha Bikish syslam h e r a (these
basAist.
amd becam
In England alog
tha BittkSylin
aheacton againck
may be snsenaltie
uNconsigur ,
ha lgal
bur tnsieuty-or
uepr
and
wea ntned by Eryhsh Lugal ulbm
amljtial psit n .
thurarh
unhratvn
ythe Droka hed
tonstilte
Mltagh ke accomdalid
ond
ibnal aHUrde
adoblid oa
but in
elate 4 4ael,
pprestd
The Zrcla ondoplad
Sspremu
Cout 4
ho
beginning dha pastivist s
Conumung
apþraatho,
a nigid
approash a n Tkaye sn Gorindje Makana
tal
tra subjeck md
Akz huln binds
he aman
k u p i m . Smilanl, n e lnala Eluenlion
daclinud
Bre C95?SC Saprema out
the t s s Fundamtital Kegat
dook beysnd
amd d i net takL amg Coneidostisn lha

Aoiolagicnl nrsons dehind tia BA. Smulanly

Visus n a c t n i MiSA
the legislalas paesed
a
7ADA, POTA givng lensie pewes
on Tha
resliietim
xeatve far arpvsng mR
NSA iS
m d i n l u a l pheedorn. (
Even Zoday,
aihanilies)

dthan ' rrper usee by

isbsial
The. Saprerne Coust in Aa

lau A)M. TbalprsV,S hakla

Hobeas tout nenam
l l d a t Ake F. 2.
wn

7 s
Au proclanakn el Eegeng
Auspendel durvg
erodr W l d net ka
ekamined
The nis Ae

en At ngunol e
mala fide. ovden I us

upheld Aha abthny pouese

Case th S. c.

m utbr dingRrd sf
Slate dnng. Eugeng
 and Park ovstitkam.
thu atiitusa S,
F ndually sFamd
the
enlin Posit vis
esan chonge a

Imenatie law opproneh

ameus Cos AK.Gpalan

dominauna m

eliad em

Madyas ((aso S.e) (1haS.c.

V
abont a brotadua
e
igi approoe u/Att 2
to acapk
am daslined
estalcshad Jaw

Thethomg la caat

mie, 2ydent from

Gmelhi v. 0oT C978 S ), h n a

Maneka
presaibad by
ta proCadune
was uld tuat 2aaanala
uat ai amd
ha
aw had a
anbthan amA
oppvassAve
amd not
uao
amaprtad
wieh
Lalen k2 axtmdud %
ned
iuted La Aas hean
UnVey daanume
aluie t u s t
i m a n i o m .
Tha
mprecedentd
whick
Thany,
Remam Empus
oameient
lh ves Asa
dnch as
base m

prrnheo
Cemmon
ld Tha
mams nlam weu

H a
s md amd
Shne frea
truskasku
r
m
miennmant
wL
mus
tmpded
m
 Y m u a l pule

On Thu rinale
lowman l pnposs.
-shap rag
he S.C. Cnsinnd t h a t lenbin tcologitaly
bread s
management
land To I k mo mo ( M.c.Mkla
Aa mumet
te
obhic
tust b eSubhesh
Ln
ast
V.RomalNalk
(11917 5.c.).

druin feaa
Akt Aighto
Count Gmunv
Speme Simlanly m
a*. 21.
Uswkan
haS.c.
emphasused

V. 0 0 T
Cq47 S c),
Jam
sntaem pnd
naed
h a provisiens
aarsdla
6mAha
zua
aciuaa
so as
o
aning
Anbilttm otitis.
ond Stua unss
Austin, Klsa-s

frm poctivalaw,
aun
frinoao tolonal

usbta ralce o
melnn
C e m s d i n n
a Ag t a
nouw
kich haacad
tn a
amd no odamt
wsudmce t
slaus
aspeot cals
Anenonal Ceut

SnR ma
folang- V-0.oTrdua C11)
Gamdhs
Mneka
(i17)
B i n tem i n i s n
v. J e l h
Siunil
Secuty toaq Phn( 1974)
t a v , Homa
wSauin
Coaret(1186
olesaleys v, Bambay Munal
 DTINCTIO N BET EEM SCHooLS W

4istoeal Amalyhica
a is found; 13 no l. daw is the oatiom
Made;tis aelf axisten o-the slaa

2. l a is antecedart To
stat 2. Wuout a
AeNengm
. 2xisted basor SAGE r Stal (la Cam b

Came t 2xislenco o lawJ.

3. law 4 indebendavt f 3 The hallsmark la

olitical authar and S enovCLment by th

enfanement SMeren

4Lawnasts on S o i pvessun Jaus ati on afora

opolcticaly organise

5 Th Cemshruing Salute
a
5. Tha udges heuld Corkdne
the- udges shend tensidn lka llatters e laus.
D a n i i a l n V-0OT - The Mnl w
mant, jasc wthn
histnybgislaten in qudun.
6. The t p e a laud s Custsm .Tha c a las is stata

tCmsom precades ugisklaen F Custom hes ho placa in

amdtis Auperion ttlegjisltuen ad dbladns the fovca
by Aegcslaken.
8. The Sherel distousaqes lk Bi dagislatien ts a Al
naative activikia amd MaaMs naarms
ham b dalthorab
tlkemps