Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

SCIENCE 9
PROJECT In Learning Everyday MOTION

Quarter 4 Week 1 Module 1

Most Essential Learning Competency: Know the definition of a
projectile and to use concepts of force and inertia to explain the
factors affecting the motion of a projectile.

TY
R
PE
O
PR
A
IL
N
A
M
O
SD

HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Before you start answering the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will
disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!
1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this
module.
2. Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the lessons. Writing
enhances learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

● Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the lessons
in the module.
● Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be mastered
throughout the lesson.
● Looking Back - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.
● Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
● Activities - These are activities designed to develop critical thinking and other
competencies. This can be done with or without a partner depending on the nature
of the activity.
● Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the lessons.
● Checking your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.
● Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire module.
 LESSON 1: PROJECTILE MOTION

EXPECTATIONS

● You will know the definition of a projectile and to use concepts of force and inertia to
explain the factors affecting the motion of a projectile.
Specifically, this module will help you to:
● describe the horizontal and vertical components of the velocity of a projectile.
● describe the horizontal and vertical components of the displacement of a projectile.
● numerically describe the various features associated with a projectile’s trajectory (e.g.,
components)
● use kinematic equations to analyze and solve horizontally-launched projectile
problems.
● determine the significance of learning the concepts in real life situation

Let’s begin, I know that you are ready and excited to answer the Pretest.
Likewise I’m sure that you are going to enjoy the lesson. Smile and cheer up!

PRETEST
Directions: Complete the sentence by writing the letter of the correct response that
best completes it.

1. The projectile’s horizontal velocity

a. is only influenced by air resistance when the object is at its highest point
b. will decrease the object rises
c. will increase as the object falls
d. will remain the same throughout the entire motion
2. In the course of flight of a plane moving with a constant speed at an elevated
height above the Earth's surface, the plane drops a package from its luggage
compartment. Neglecting the effect of air resistance, with respect to the plane,
where will it land?
a. behind the plane
b. directly below the plane
c. in front of the plane
d. none of the above
3. What factor(s) affect how far a projectile will land?
a. launch angle
b. initial velocity
c. both angle and initial velocity
d. none of the above affect how far a projectile will land
4. Which statement best describes the baseball’s motion after it is thrown
horizontally? (Neglect the effect of air resistance)
a. the vertical and horizontal speeds of the ball are both increasing.
b. the vertical and horizontal speeds of the ball remains the same
c. the vertical speed increases while the horizontal speed decreases.
 d. the vertical speed increases, while the horizontal speed remains the same.
e. the vertical speed remains the same, while the horizontal speed increases.
5. Who has a correct statement?
a. Arian says, “The Vx of a projectile varies due to gravity, but the Vy stays
constant,”
b. Franze: “Both vx and vy are constant.”
c. Richard says, “A bullet does not accelerate vertically, but it does accelerate
horizontally,”
d. Riter: “A projectile has constant vertical acceleration and a constant
horizontal
velocity”

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Analyze the Kinematic Equations given below. Determine which is used for Uniform
Accelerated Motion (UAM) and which is for Free Fall. Write a check if it is
UAM and a cross for Free Fall.

________ 1. d = Vit + ½ at2

________ 2. Vf = gt
________ 3. d = ½ at2
________ 4. d = Vit + ½ gt2
________ 5. Vf2 = Vi2 + 2gd

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Projectile motion is a form of motion experienced by an object or a particle that is
projected near the surface of the Earth's and travels along a curved path (trajectory)
under the influence of gravity. This path was shown by Galileo to be a parabolic
curve but may also be a straight line in the special case when it is thrown upwards
or downwards. When a body is thrown horizontally, the force of gravity is of
significance that acts on the object which acts downward, thus imparting a
downward acceleration on the object. And because of the object's inertia, no
external horizontal force is needed to maintain the horizontal velocity component of
the object. Considering other forces into account, such
as friction from aerodynamic drag or internal propulsion such as in a rocket,
requires additional analysis.

A projectile's trajectory with air drag and different initial velocities.

The angle at which the object is launched dictates the range, height, and time of
flight the object will experience while in projectile motion.

ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1
 PROJECTILE MOTION

OBJECTIVES:
● Describe the shape of the trajectory of a projectile
● Determine the factors affecting the Range of a projectile
PROBLEMS:
1. How does the mass and moinitial speed of a projectile affect its range?
2. What is the effect of air resistance on the trajectory of a projectile?

MATERIALS:
Offline PhET simulation (projectile motion), desktop computer / laptop/
tablet / pisonet

ILLUSTRATION:

PROCEDURE:

A. Shape of the Trajectory:

1. Set the following parameters: projectile: cannon ball; projection angle = 0 o; initial
speed = 15 m/s; mass = 1 kg.
2. Launch the golf ball from the cannon by clicking on the FIRE button. Describe the
shape of the trajectory. Record the projectile’s range and measure the maximum
height reached by the golf ball using the tape measure tool. Record your
observations and measurements in Data Table 1.
3. Reset the simulation by clicking on the ERASE button.

B. The Effect of Mass on the Range and Maximum Height

1. Set the following parameters: projectile: cannon ball; projection angle = 0 o; initial
speed = 15 m/s; mass 1 kg.
2. Launch the tank shell. Measure the range of the projectile.
3. With all the other parameters kept constant, measure the range for the following
values of the mass of the tank shell: m = 2kg; m= 3 kg; m =4 kg; and m= 5 kg.
Record your measurements in Data Table 2.
4. Reset the simulation.

C. The Effect of Initial Speed on the Range and Maximum Height

1. Set the following parameters: projectile: cannon ball; projection angle = 0 o ; initial
speed = 5 m/s; mass 1 kg.
2. Launch the tank shell from the cannon. Determine its range.
3. With all the other parameters kept constant, determine the range for the following
values of initial speed: v = 10 m/s; v = 15 m/s; and v = 20 m/s. Summarize your
measurements in Data Table 3. Reset the simulation.

D. The Effect of Air Resistance on Range

1. Set the following parameters: projectile: Baseball; projection angle = 0 o ; initial speed
= 15 m/s; mass 1 kg; diameter 0.25m
2. Launch the baseball from the cannon and measure the range.
3. Enable air resistance by clicking on the Air Resistance check box. Set the drag
coefficient to 0.35. Launch the baseball and measure the range baseball.
4. Summarize your measurements in Data Table 5.
DATA AND TABULATIONS:

Data Table I: Trajectory of the Projectile

Shape of the Range

Trajectory

Data Table 2: The Effect of Mass on Range

Mass Range
(kg)
1
2
3
4
5
Data Table 3: The Effect of Initial Speed on Range
Initial Speed Range
(m/s)
5
10
15
20

Data Table 4: Effect of Air Resistance on Range and Maximum Height

Without Air With Air
Resistance Resistance
Range

GUIDE QUESTIONS:

1. What is the shape of the trajectory of a projectile?

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
2. What is the effect of increasing the mass of a projectile on its range?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
3. Plot the values of the initial velocity against the values of the range. What is the
shape of the graph? What does the graph suggest about the relationship between the
initial velocity and the range?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
4. What is the effect of air resistance on the range of the projectile? What is the effect of
the air resistance on the shape of the trajectory of the projectile?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________

CONCLUSION:
APPLICATION:

HITTING THE TARGET: Using the simulation, position the target at approximately
20 meters from the cannon. Determine 2 possible values of initial velocity and projection
angle necessary to hit the target.

Distance from the target: 20 m

Initial Velocity
1
2

ACTIVITY 2
SHOOT THAT TRASH

OBJECTIVES:
● Identify the factors affecting the motion of a projectile
● Describe the path taken by the projectile
● Determine the significance of learning the concept in real life situation

PROBLEMS:

1. How does the mass of the trash ball and the initial speed affect its range?
2. What is the effect of air resistance on the trajectory of the trash ball?
MECHANICS:

1. You have 10 minutes to do the activity task.

2. You need to look around you and find all the trashes that you can see.
3. Pick-up all those trashes and you are going to place that in the trash bin by
doing this activity.
4. You are entitled to shoot the paper trash in the trash bin only once.
5. Every perfect shoot has a corresponding 5 points.
6. You are not allowed to repeat unsuccessful shoot, therefore every missed
shoot means zero.
7. The total
8. , score will come from the total number of trashes you shoot in 10 minutes
multiplied by 5 points.
9. Record your score below. Write 1 if it successful, then 0 if it is not.

Name of Trash Successful Unsuccessful

 TOTAL SCORE

GUIDE QUESTIONS:

1. Did you get a perfect score? Why? Why not?

___________________________________________________________________________
2. What do you call the ball of trash?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. In this activity, what were the factors that affects why you were not able
to shoot the trash?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Can you describe the path taken when you throw the trash?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. What can you say about the horizontal displacement of the trash?
___________________________________________________________________________
6. How will you define a projectile?
___________________________________________________________________________
7. Is there a force acting on projectiles, YES or NO, why?
___________________________________________________________________________
8. If YES, what is the effect of that force in the path taken by the projectile?
___________________________________________________________________________
9. If there is no horizontal force acting on projectiles, what can you
conclude on its vertical velocity?
___________________________________________________________________________
10. In that case, what can you say about the horizontal and vertical
velocities of the projectiles?
___________________________________________________________________________
11. Finally, what can you conclude in the horizontal displacement of the projectile?
___________________________________________________________________________

REMEMBER

Gravity accelerates the object

downwards but is unable to
affect its horizontal motion.
  

A projectile is an object which is acted upon by a force of gravity. Gravity influences

the projectile's vertical motion, producing a vertical acceleration. The projectile's
horizontal motion is caused by the inclination of every moving object to maintain a
constant velocity. A projectile maintains a steady horizontal velocity in the absence
of horizontal forces. It is not necessary to apply horizontal forces to hold a projectile
going horizontally.

MOTION along the MOTION along the

HORIZONTAL VERTICAL
Forces Yes
If Present Yes, If not- No No Gravitational force
If present, in what direction works downward
Yes
Acceleration
Gravitational force “g”
If Present Yes, If not- No No
is downward at 9.8
If present, in what direction
m/s/s
Velocity
Changing
Is it Constant or Constant
at 9.8 m/s each second
Changing

Horizontal Projectile Motion Equations

In most cases, a projectile moves in two dimensions: horizontally and vertically.
Since these two aspects of motion are independent of one another, two distinct sets
of equations are required: one for horizontal motion and the other for vertical
motion. The equations for the horizontal components of motion are as follows:

1. dx = vixt + ½ axt2
2. vfx = vix + axt
3. vfx2 = vix2 + 2*ax•dx
 
whe dx = horizontal t =
ax = horizontal acceleration
re displacement time
vfx = final vix = initial
 
horizontal velocity horizontal velocity

Vertical Projectile Motion Equations

The three equations for the vertical components of motion are:
 1. dy = viyt + ½ gyt2
2. vfy = viy + gyt
3. vfy2 = viy2 + 2gy•dy

wher t =
y = vertical displacement gy = vertical acceleration
e time
  vfy = final vertical velocity viy = initial vertical velocity
 
In each of the above equations, the vertical acceleration of a projectile is equal to
-9.8 m/s/s (acceleration due to gravity).

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Solving Projectile Problems
A pool ball with an initial horizontal velocity of 2.4 m/s leaves a 0.60-meter high
table. Predict the amount of time it would take the pool ball to fall to the ground, as
well as the horizontal gap between the table's edge and the ball's landing spot.
Following the GRESA: Given, Required, Equation, Substitution, Solutions, Answer
  
Given Required
dy = -0.60 m t=?
vix = 2.4 m/s viy = 0 m/s dx = ?
ax = 0 m/s2 gy = -9.8 m/s2
Equation, Substitution, Solutions
(dy = viyt +1/2ayt2)
-0.60 m = (0 m/s)t + 1/2(-9.8 m/s2)t2
-0.60 m = (-4.9 m/s2)t2
0.122 s2 = t2
Answer: t = 0.350 s (rounded from 0.3499 s)

vix = 2.4 m/s and ax = 0 m/s

(dx = vixt + 1/2axt2)
dx = (2.4 m/s)(0.3499 s) + 0.5(0 m/s2)(0.3499 s)2
dx = (2.4 m/s)(0.3499 s)
Answer: dx = 0.84 m (rounded from 0.8398 m)

POSTTEST
A. Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer that best completes the
sentence or answer the question.

1. What factor(s) affect how far a projectile will land?

a. angle
b. initial velocity
c. both angle and initial velocity
 d. none of the above affect how far a projectile will land
2. Who has a correct statement?
a. Arian says, “The Vx of a projectile varies due to gravity, but the Vy stays
constant,”
b. Franze: “Both vx and vy are constant.”
c. Richard says, “A bullet does not accelerate vertically, but it does accelerate
horizontally,”
d. Riter: “A projectile has vertical acceleration and a constant horizontal
velocity”
3. In the course of flight of a plane moving with a constant speed at an elevated
height above the Earth's surface, the plane drops a package from its luggage
compartment. With respect to the plane, where will it land?
a. behind the plane
b. directly below the plane
c. in front of the plane
d. none of the above
4. Which statement best describes the baseball’s motion after it is thrown
horizontally? (Neglect the effect of friction)
a. the vertical and horizontal speeds of the ball are both increasing.
b. the vertical and horizontal speeds of the ball remains the same
c. the vertical speed increases while the horizontal speed decreases.
d. the vertical speed increases, while the horizontal speed remains the same.
e. the vertical speed remains the same, while the horizontal speed increases.
5. The projectile’s horizontal velocity
a. is influenced by air resistance
b. is only influenced by air resistance when the object is at its highest point
c. will decrease the object rises
d. will increase as the object falls
e. will remain the same throughout the entire motion

B. Solve the following Problems. Follow the GRESA

1. How long would it take a ball that is 4 meters above the ground to reach the
ground if it is hurled horizontally at 4 meters per second? How far can the
ball move horizontally until it lands?
2. Alice throws the ball with a 10m/s initial velocity to
the +X direction in the image below. Calculate the
height that the object is thrown and the Vy part of
the velocity after it reaches the ground in 5 seconds.

References:
K – 12 Grade 9 Learner’s Material in Science; Projectile Motion pp. 16-26
https://www.slideshare.net/lhoralight/science-37094718

https://phet.colorado.edu/en/offline-access

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/Lesson-2/What-is-a-Projectile

ANSWER SHEET
Name_______________________________ Grade and Section___________ Score_________
Teacher_____________________________ Module # ___________________ Date__________

Note: Submit this answer sheet to your teacher.

PRETEST LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON POST TEST

1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3.
4. 4. 4.
5. 5. 5.

POST TEST PROBLEM SOLVING:

1. G– 2. G–
R– R–
E– E–
S– S–
A– A–

ACTIVITY 1
PROJECTILE MOTION
Data Table I: Trajectory of the Projectile

Shape of the Range

Trajectory

Data Table 2: The Effect of Mass on Range

Mass Range
(kg)
1
2
3
4
5
Data Table 3: The Effect of Initial Speed on Range
Initial Speed Range
(m/s)
5
10
15
20

Data Table 4: Effect of Air Resistance on Range and Maximum Height

Without Air With Air
Resistance Resistance
Range

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
 1. ___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

CONCLUSION: __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

APPLICATION:

Distance from the target: 20 m

Initial Velocity
1
2

ACTIVITY 2
SHOOT THAT TRASH

Name of Trash Successful Unsuccessful

TOTAL SCORE
GUIDE QUESTIONS:

1. ___________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________
3 ___________________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________________________
6. ___________________________________________________________________________
7. ___________________________________________________________________________
8. ___________________________________________________________________________
9 ___________________________________________________________________________
10 ___________________________________________________________________________
11.___________________________________________________________________________

Acknowledgements

Writer: Carlos Evangelista Del Rosario Jr., MT II,

Florentino Torres High School
Editors: Reyneth Renan O. Matta, MT I - MLQHS
Jonathan P. Derez, PSDS, SDO-Manila
Reviewers: Rebecca M. Roxas, EPS, SDO-Manila
Management Team: Maria Magdalena M. Lim-
Schools Division Superintendent-Manila, Aida H.
Rondilla-Chief