Pre-colonial Period

The islands' precolonial period, during

which indigenous peoples engaged in healthy
trade with various cultures and economies
in the region, gave way to a long colonial
period, first under Spain for over 300 years, and
then under the United States, during which it
came briefly under Japanese occupation in
World War II.

Spanish Era
The Spanish colonial period of the
Philippines began when explorer Ferdinand
Magellan came to the islands in 1521 and
claimed it as a colony for the Spanish
Empire. The period lasted until the
Philippine Revolution in 1898.
Datu - A pre-colonial couple belonging to the
Datu or nobility caste as depicted in the Boxer
Codex of the 16th Century. Datu is the title for
chiefs, sovereign princes, and monarchs in the
Visayas and Mindanao Regions of the Philippines.
Social Status - Social classes in the Philippines goes
beyond Pre-Hispanic times. The classes were divided
into four: Maginoo (Noble Class), Timawa
(freeman or commoner), Maharlika (warrior),
and Alipin (servant). The Maginoo are the royal
blooded such as the Datu, which is the leader of the
barangay consisting of 100-500 persons.
Maharlika - The Maharlika were the feudal warrior
class in ancient Tagalog society in Luzon, the
Philippines. The Spanish translated the name as
Hidalgos. They belonged to the lower nobility class
similar to the Timawa of the Visayan people.
Timawa – The Timawa were the feudal warrior class
of the ancient Visayan societies of the Philippines.
They were regarded as higher than the uripon but
below the Tumao in the Visayan social hierarchy.
They were roughly similar to the Tagalog maharlika
caste.
Aliping Namamhay – Aliping Namamahay was a
servant that lived in their own little house on the
property of their master, and Aliping Sagigilid was
a servant that lived around the house of their master.
Aliping Sagigilid - Alipin sa gigilid (translated as
"Servant in the corners [of the master's house]")
refers to unmarried alipin without a house and
whose existence was completely dependent on
the graces of their masters.

2 Types of Local Government during the

Spanish Era
Alcadia – Headed by the Alclde Mayor for areas
already pacified.
Corregumento – Headed by corregidor for areas not
yet pacified.

Political structure during the spanish era

1.Governor General – The highest ranking official that
serves as the King’s representatives.
2.Residences – The judicial court which is led by
upcoming Governal Government.
3.Visita – It observes the colony and is headed by the
visita or which reports directly to the King of Spain.
4.Royal Audiencia – The official adviser of the
Governor General.

The rise of Filipino nationalism

1.Spread of liberalism
2.Sentiment against the principles
3.Racial prejudice
4.Secularization controvercy
5.Culture Change
6.Cauitage Mutiny of 1872 (Feb. 17, 1872. Mariano
Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora)

On January 20, 1872 around 200

Filipino soldiers attacked the place where
ammunitations are located I Rafael
Izqueredo.
Andres Bonifacio
*Known sthe great plebeian
*He was born in Tondo, Manil on November 30,
1863
*3 Brothers – Ciriaco, Prosopio, Troadio
*2 Sisters – Espiridonia and Maxima
*Married to Gregoria De Jesus
*He wrote Pag-Ibig sa Tinubuang
Lahi,Pahimakas

Cry of Balintawak – Cedulas were torned

apart. (August 22, 1896)
Tejeros Convention – Election of new officers and
forming of a new government that would replace
the katipunan (San Francisco Malabon). (March
22, 1897)
Death of Bonifacio – Bonifacio and Procopio were
killed in Mt. Tala Ciriaco was killed. (May 10,
1897)
Biak Na Bato Republic
*It was established on October, 1897.
*It constitution was patterned after the Cuban
constitution.

President – Emilio Aguinaldo

Vice President – Mariano Trias
Sec of Foreign Affairs – Antonio
Montenegro
Sec of Interior – Isabelo Artarcho
Sec of War – Emilio Riego De Dios
Sec of Treasury – Baldomero Aguinaldo

Treaty of piece at Biak na Bato

Treaty was agreed by boths parties on December 14,
1897
Provisions;
1.Aguinaldo will be exiled in Hongkong.
2.Payment of 800,000 pesos
3.Two generals of the Spanish Army be taken as
hostage and 400,000 pesos be given.
4.Another 900,000 pesos of families who
suffered of the war.
* N . B: out of the 1,700,000 pesos only 600,00
pesos was given to Aguinaldo

PHILIPPINE BILL OF 1902

 It was sponsored by the American Henry
Allen cooper.
 This was called cooper Act/Philippine Bill of
1902
 This was created in order to give power to
Filipino people by means of election.
 Still the majority of the member of the soon
to be established government were
americans
 This was established to win the hearts of the
Filipinos and to avoid conflicts and wars.
 The two major parties were the Progresistas
(Federalistas) and the Nacionalistas.
 The Philippine assembly was inauguration
on October 16, 1907. It included 80
delegates for two years to represent the
Christian provinces of the Philippines.
 Sergio Osmena then 21, was chosen speaker
of the assembly.
 Manuel Quezon was elected as majority
floor leader.

THE COMMONWELTH
GOVERNMENT
 The Tydings – McDuffie Law in 1934
established the Commonwealth
Government.
 It was a form of Government in transistion
toward independence.
 It provide for ten-year transition period
after which the Philippine Independence
would be Proclaimed established.