Symbols

Description:

Runout is how much one given reference feature or features vary

with respect to another datum when the part is rotated 360°
around the datum axis.

It is essentially a control of a circular feature, and how much

variation it has with the rotational axis.

Runout can be called out on any feature that is rotated about an

axis.

It is essentially how much “wobble” occurs in the one part feature

when referenced to another.
Is a composite tolerance used to
control functional relationship
of one or more features.
Circular runout controls circularity
(roundness) as well as concentricity.

Runout applies only RFS.

Each feature must be within
its runout tolerance when
rotated about a datum axis.
 Circular runout
Provides control of circular
elements of a surface.
Circular runout requires inspecting circular elements individually.
Because of this, circular runout will not detect changes in size.

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 Total runout
• Concerns the runout of a complete surface.
• Total runout controls form, orientation and
location but not size. (cylindricity and concentricity)
Datum - Referencing Itself
Runout - Circular vs Total

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Circular runout ?
Total runout ?
When Used:
Runout and its 3D component, Total runout, are very
common symbols in GD&T due to the control they have on a
rotating part.

They are used in any rotating components such as drills, gears,

shafts, axles and many machine tool parts.

The automotive and industrial industry use this GD&T

symbol very often on any part that is rotated.

Runout usually is put into place when oscillations or vibrations

need to be controlled on a fast rotating part, like an engine or
transmission.

If the part rotates it probably requires runout.

Example:
A shaft that is rotated at very high speeds is prone to oscillations if the
right edge of the shaft is too far offset from the left side.

To control how much wobble this part will have runout is used to ensure
that the smaller diameter surface is relatively controlled to datum surface
A.

To control this without GD&T would be nearly impossible.

The small amount of variation in the shaft, straightness of the shaft, and
roundness of the individual surfaces would be unrealistic to control.

With runout, you have your final rotational condition that you want
controlled without needing to specify unnecessary tight control on the
entire part.
“When in Doubt—Use Runout”.
 Don't Give Runout More Credit
Than it Deserves.

Both circular and total runout are usually economical

tolerances to use when controlling the location of cylinders
with respect to a datum axis.

The runout controls do not, however, control the location

of planes and contours even when basic dimensions are
applied.

Using Profile of a surface rather than runout ties the surface

location to the basic dimension.
A feature may be manufactured to a very tight size tolerance
but due to eccentricity, the runout could be large.

Total runout controls form, orientation and location but not size.
Profile controls everything that total runout does as well as
size if the size dimension is made BASIC.