Slides 14 Abdominal and Pelvic Anatomy Pickering

Male reproductive organs
With Dr. James Pickering
luz maria moyano vidal, luzmariamoyano@gmail.com

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Bladder and urethra

Bladder and urethra
Contains:
Apex | Body | Fundus | Neck | Trigone | Detrusor
muscle
Four surfaces:
Superior | Inferolateral (2) | Posterior
The bladder neck tapers to form the internal

urethral orifice

Bladder and urethra
This marks the beginning of the urethra that

initially passes through the prostate (receiving
semen and glandular secretions) and then
exits the pelvis by entering the penis
Divided in to four parts:
1. Preprostatic
2. Prostatic
3. Membranous
4. Spongy

Introduction
Abdominopelvic cavity The male reproductive organs are essential

for sexual reproduction. They produce, store
• Boundaries and expel the male gamete during sexual
intercourse.
• Bony pelvis
Bladder
• Relations
• Structure

Introduction
Male reproductive organs The male reproductive organs are essential

for sexual reproduction. They produce, store
• Testes | Ductus deferens and expel the male gamete during sexual
intercourse.
• Seminal vesicles | Ejaculatory
ducts | Prostate
Rectum
• Relations
• Structures

Abdominopelvic cavity
Pelvis
The abdominal contents extends into the

pelvic cavity, with no clear separation
Remember: the abdominal viscera are bound

by the peritoneum
The pelvic cavity is a funnel-shaped space

bounded by bones, ligaments and muscles.

Pelvis
Contains:
• Urinary system (ureters and bladder)
• Pelvic reproductive organs (prostate,

seminal vesicles, uterus and ovaries)
• Gastrointestinal tract (rectum)
• Blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics

Bony pelvis

Bony pelvis
Superiorly: pelvic inlet (pelvic brim, pubic
symphysis and sacral promontory
Inferiorly: pelvic outlet (pelvic diaphragm, pubic

symphysis and coccyx)
Divided into greater and lesser pelvis,

separated by the pelvic inlet.
Above = Greater pelvis Below = Lesser pelvis

• Ileum • Bladder
• Sigmoid colon • Reproductive organs
• Rectum
Limited inferiorly by the pelvic diaphragm

Sectioned pelvis
Bladder

Sectioned pelvis
Bladder
The urinary bladder is a hollow organ that has
strong muscular walls that are distensible
(detrusor muscle)
Position:
In the lesser pelvis, posterior to the pubic
symphysis and inferior to the peritoneum
Shape and position varies as it fills with urine.
The overlying peritoneum forms pouches as it

covers the pelvic viscera:
Male Rectovesical
Female Vesicouterine and rectouterine

Male reproductive organs I

Male reproductive organs I
The male gamete is produced in the testes and enters the

pelvis via the ductus deferens through the inguinal canal
Remember: various layers form the spermatic cord
As the testes migrated to the scrotum that were enclosed

by a peritoneal sac: tunica vaginalis
Parietal layer lines the inside of internal spermatic fascia
Visceral layer closely applied to the testes, epididymis

and ductus deferens
The thin film of fluid between these layers, allows the

testes to move freely.

Male reproductive organs II
Testes

Male reproductive organs II
Testes
Covered by a tough membrane tunica albuginea
Sperm are generated in convoluted seminiferous tubules

within the testes
These converge and form the rete testis that passes to

the epididymis via efferent ductules
The epididymis passes posterior to the testis and thins to

a tail that is continuous with the ductus deferens
The ductus deferens runs in the spermatic cord to enter

the pelvis via the inguinal canal

Male reproductive organs III

Ureters
• Enter into bladder
Ductus deferens
• Starts at epididymis
• Cross iliac vessels and run over

ureters
• As approaches the seminal vesicle

dilates = ampulla

Seminal vesicle
• Secretes thick alkaline fluid into

prostatic urethra
• Unites with ductus deferens =

ejaculatory duct
Ejaculatory duct
• Slender tube that passes through

substance of prostate
• Opens on seminal colliculus

Rectum I
Distal continuation of the sigmoid colon and

joins the anal canal
Begins at the rectosigmoid junction anterior to

S3 vertebra. At this point the taenia coli form a
continuous longitudinal layer and omental
appendices are absent
Located posterior to seminal vesicles, ductus

deferens and bladder
Peritoneal relations:
Superior third: anterior and lateral surfaces
Middle third: anterior surface
Inferior third: no covering, subperitoneal

Rectum II
Three internal rectal folds are present
• Superior
• Intermediate
• Inferior
• Supports feces in rectum

Rectum II
Rectal ampulla is found above the pelvic

diaphragm
• Dilation that stores feces prior to defecation
• Able to relax and distend

Conclusion
• Pelvic inlet | Pelvic outlet | Greater and lesser pelvis
• Bony pelvis and its contents
Bladder
• Relations in male and female | Formation of peritoneal pouches
• External and internal features
• Course of urethra

Conclusion
Male reproductive organs
• Passageway of gamete from testis to penis
• Associated glands
Rectum
• Position and relations in the pelvis
• External and internal features

Male reproductive organs IV
Prostate
Prostate
• Accessory gland of reproduction
• Secretes thin, milky fluid (20% semen)
• Contains prostatic urethra

Male reproductive organs IV
Prostate
Prostate
• Posterior wall of prostatic urethra characterized by:
• Urethral crest | Prostatic sinus or grooves | Prominent seminal colliculus (containing
prostatic utricle)
• Ejaculatory ducts commonly open on the seminal colliculus
• Prostatic ducts open into the prostatic sinus or grooves

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Male reproductive organs

With Dr. James Pickering

luz maria moyano vidal, luzmariamoyano@gmail.com

luz maria moyano vidal, luzmariamoyano@gmail.com

The bladder neck tapers to form the internal

luz maria moyano vidal, luzmariamoyano@gmail.com

This marks the beginning of the urethra that

Divided in to four parts:

luz maria moyano vidal, luzmariamoyano@gmail.com

Abdominopelvic cavity The male reproductive organs are essential

luz maria moyano vidal, luzmariamoyano@gmail.com

Male reproductive organs The male reproductive organs are essential

luz maria moyano vidal, luzmariamoyano@gmail.com

The abdominal contents extends into the

Remember: the abdominal viscera are bound

The pelvic cavity is a funnel-shaped space

luz maria moyano vidal, luzmariamoyano@gmail.com

• Urinary system (ureters and bladder)

• Pelvic reproductive organs (prostate,

• Gastrointestinal tract (rectum)

• Blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics

luz maria moyano vidal, luzmariamoyano@gmail.com

luz maria moyano vidal, luzmariamoyano@gmail.com

Inferiorly: pelvic outlet (pelvic diaphragm, pubic

Divided into greater and lesser pelvis,

Above = Greater pelvis Below = Lesser pelvis

Limited inferiorly by the pelvic diaphragm

luz maria moyano vidal, luzmariamoyano@gmail.com

luz maria moyano vidal, luzmariamoyano@gmail.com

Shape and position varies as it fills with urine.

The overlying peritoneum forms pouches as it

luz maria moyano vidal, luzmariamoyano@gmail.com

luz maria moyano vidal, luzmariamoyano@gmail.com

The male gamete is produced in the testes and enters the

Remember: various layers form the spermatic cord

As the testes migrated to the scrotum that were enclosed

Parietal layer lines the inside of internal spermatic fascia

Visceral layer closely applied to the testes, epididymis

The thin film of fluid between these layers, allows the

luz maria moyano vidal, luzmariamoyano@gmail.com

luz maria moyano vidal, luzmariamoyano@gmail.com

Sperm are generated in convoluted seminiferous tubules

These converge and form the rete testis that passes to

The epididymis passes posterior to the testis and thins to

The ductus deferens runs in the spermatic cord to enter

luz maria moyano vidal, luzmariamoyano@gmail.com

luz maria moyano vidal, luzmariamoyano@gmail.com

• Enter into bladder

• Cross iliac vessels and run over

• As approaches the seminal vesicle

luz maria moyano vidal, luzmariamoyano@gmail.com

• Secretes thick alkaline fluid into

• Unites with ductus deferens =

• Slender tube that passes through

• Opens on seminal colliculus

luz maria moyano vidal, luzmariamoyano@gmail.com

Distal continuation of the sigmoid colon and

Begins at the rectosigmoid junction anterior to

Located posterior to seminal vesicles, ductus

luz maria moyano vidal, luzmariamoyano@gmail.com

Three internal rectal folds are present

• Supports feces in rectum