CHAPTER 15

REPRODUCTION IN HUMANS
INTRODUCTION
Today, we will start chapter #15 Reproduction in
humans. Let’s begin, during this chapter you will
learn about the structure and function of the parts of
the male and female human reproductive systems.
If you have any questions or doubts, don’t hesitate to
e-mail me at mtejada@oxford.edu.pa

LEARNING OBJECTIVE
• Identify and name on
diagrams of the male and
female reproductive system.
SUCCESS CRITERIA:
BY THE END OF THE
LESSONS YOU SHOULD
BE ABLE TO:
• Learners will watch a power
point on human reproduction
beginning with the diagrams
of both, female and male.
• Students will draw and label
the parts of both systems in
their notebooks.
IN THIS CHAPTER YOU WILL:

Learn about the structure and function of the male
and female reproductive systems

Consider how sperm and eggs are adapted for their
functions

Find out how hormones are involved in reproduction

Study HIV as an example of asexually transmitted
infection
 Vocabulary
1. Ovaries 15. fertilisation
1. Ovaries
 

 2. Oviducts  16. embryo

 2. Oviducts
3. Uterus  17.implantation
 4. Cervix  18. placenta


3. Uterus
5. Vagina  19. fetus
20. umbilical cord


4. Cervix
6. Testes 

 7. scrotum  21. amniotic sac


 5. Vagina
8. sperm duct  22. amniotic fluid
9. penis  23. puberty
6. Testes


 10. prostate gland
 24. follicle


7.
11. scrotum
ovulation
 25. menstruation
 12. epididymis
 26. HIV
 13. flagellum
 27. STI
 14. acrosome
 28. Follicle
15.1 Human reproductive
systems

• Humans, like all mammals, reproduce sexually

• A new life begin when a male gamete fuses with a
female one, forming a zygote.
• Both sexes have reproductive organs called
GENITALS or GENITALIA designed for the purpose
of intercourse and conception.
The female reproductive
organs
Internal Female Anatomy

Front View
 Ovary (Ovaries)
• The female gametes, called eggs, are made in the two
ovaries.
• Leading away from the ovaries are the oviducts,
sometimes called Fallopian tubes
• Produce female sex hormones: -ESTROGEN /
PROGESTERONE

Ovary | animal and human | Britannicabritannica.com

 Ovary (Ovaries)
• The two oviducts lead to the
womb or uterus.
• At the base of the uterus is a
narrow opening, guarded by
muscles. This is the neck of
the uterus, or cervix.
• This narrow opening
connects to the vagina,
which then leads to the
outside of the body.

Ovary | animal and human | Britannicabritannica.com

 Ovary (Ovaries): female
hormones
Estrogen Progesterone
• Estrogen is responsible for • Progesterone builds up the
the secondary sex lining of the uterus called
characteristics and the sex the endometrium in
drive in females. preparation for the
• It spurs the onset of fertilized ovum
puberty and is responsible
for OVULATION
platanomelon.com
 Egg production
• Eggs begin to be
formed inside a girl’s
ovaries before she is
born.
• When she reaches
puberty, some of these
eggs will begin to
mature.
• When it is mature, an
egg cell burst out of the
ovary and into the
funnel at the end of the
oviduct. This is called
ovulation.
• In humans, it happens
once a month.
Female reproductive structures and their
function:
The male reproductive
organs
Male Anatomy
 The male reproductive organs
• The male gametes,called
spermatozoa or sperm,
are made in two testes.
These are outside the
body, in two sacs of skin
called scrotum.

GCSE Biology: Reproductive Systems

moodle.beverleyhigh.ne
 The male reproductive organs
• The two testes are small organs that lie
in the scrotum and produce sperm and
the male hormone testosterone.
• The sperm are carried away from each
testis in a tube called the sperm duct.
The sperm ducts from the testes join up
with urethra just below the bladder. The
urethra continues downwards and opens
at the tip of the penis. The urethra can
carry both urine and sperm at different
times.
• Where the sperm ducts join the urethra,
there is a gland called the prostate gland.
Structure Of Reproductive Organs | GCSE Biology Revisi
on
• Four to five billion sperm cells are
alevelbiology.co.uk produced each month.
Male reproductives structures and their
function:
 Human gametes

• Eggs begin to be formed inside a

girl’s ovaries before she is born.
• When she reaches puberty, some
of these eggs will begin to
mature.
• When it is mature, an egg cell
burst out of the ovary and into
the funnel at the end of the
oviduct. This is called ovulation.
• In humans, it happens once a
month.
 Human gametes

Testis, it contains thousands
of very narrow, coiled tubes or
tubules. These are where the
sperm are made.

Sperm are then stored in the
epididymis. Sperm develop
from cells in the walls of the
tubules.

Sperm production is very
sensitive to heat.
 Human gametes - Supplement

Eggs and sperm are haploid cells. Each
human egg and each human sperm has a
single set of 23 chromosomes in its
nucleus. Eggs and sperm are made when
cells in the ovaries and testes divide by
meiosis.
 Fertilisation

Fertilisation is the fusion of
the nuclei from a male
gamete (sperm cell) and a
female gamete (egg cell)

It occurs in the oviducts

Gametes have
adaptations to increase
the chances of fertilisation
and successful
development of an embryo
 If the egg is not
fertilised by sperm
within 8 – 24 hours
after ovulation, it
dies.

4. After several hours, it

3. The zygote has formed a ball of
continues to cells – This is called
Cilia lining the move slowly, embryo
oviduct help it divides
to sweep it repeatedly
along

2. When the
sperm
nucleus and
the egg
nucleus have
fused 1. After ovulation,
together, they the egg is caught in
form a the oviduct.
zygote..

6. mThe embryo it is a ball of 16 or

32 cells. The uterus has a thick,
spongy lining, and the embryo sinks
into it. This is called implantation
 The placenta


The placenta is an organ
that connects the growing
fetus to its mother, in
which the blood of the
fetus and mother are
brought close together so
that materials can be
exchanged between
them.
 The placenta


After 11 weeks, the embryo
has developed most of its
organs, and is now called a
fetus.

The placenta is joined to the
fetus by the umbilical cord.

The arteries take blood from
the fetus into the placenta,
and the vein returns the
blood to the fetus
 The placenta
 The cells in the
embryo, now
buried in the soft
wall of the uterus,
continue to divide.
 The amniotic sac

The fetus is surrounded by a
strong membrane, called the
amniotic sac. This makes a
liquid called amniotic fluid –
helps to support the embryo,
and to protect it from
mechanical injury. The embryo
floats in the fluid and is able to
freely move its arms and legs,
which helps the muscles and
skeleton to develop correctly.
 Testosterone and oestrogen

Testoterone

the male reproductive hormone made by the testicles which
causes the changes of puberty.

This hormone causes secondary sex characteristics, production
of sperm and sexual urge.

It is produced in the testicles and enters the bloodstream.
 Testosterone and oestrogen

Oestrogen

is responsible for the secondary
sex characteristics and the sex
drive in females.

It spurs the onset of puberty and
is responsible for OVULATION

Progesterone

Progesterone builds up the
lining of the uterus called the
endometrium in preparation for
the fertilized ovum
THANK YOU