VELASCO, LINO PAUL P BSBA 2 MARKETING

MANAGEMENT BLOCK 2

HISTORY ACVITY – SEMI FINALS

Activity I (20 points)

 
Give the meaning of the following terms according to your own understanding (not copied from the text)
 
1. Controversies - It is a topic or set of difficulties, and sometimes a question, that can spark a conflict of opinion. It
encompasses topics that may have political, social, environmental, or personal consequences on students and/or the
larger community, whether locally, nationally, or globally. Frequently, there is no simple solution, in part because
answers may depend on the values and beliefs of the individual.
 
2. Mutiny - Refuse to heed an authority figure's orders. It is any open act of disobedience or attack against military
(including naval) authority by two or more individuals subject to such power. Occasionally, the phrase is used to
describe nonmilitary episodes of resistance or attack, such as mutiny on a commerce ship or a slave uprising in a state
where slavery is acknowledged by law or custom. Mutiny is distinct from revolt and rebellion, which involve more
widespread disobedience and typically have a political aim.
 
3. Retraction - Retraction is the act of formally retracting anything said or done. It is a public declaration that
withdraws, cancels, refutes, or reverses an earlier statement, or that ceases and desists from publishing the original
statement.

4. Physical features - These are parts of a landscape, organism, etc., that you can see and touch.
 
5. Cry of Balintawak - The Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire began with the Cry of Balintawak
(Filipino: Sigaw ng Balntawak; Spanish: Grito de Balintawak). The scream could also allude to the destruction of
personal tax certificates (cédulas personales) in defiance of Spain.
 

Activity II (30 points)

 
1. What was the Cry of Balintawak" or "Cry of Pugadlawin”? What did it signify?
- Balintawak's Cry occurred on August 26, 1896. The Cry refers to the defining moment when Filipinos finally
rejected Spanish colonial rule over the Philippine Islands. With tears in their eyes, the people collectively tore apart
their cedulas.

2. What were the reasons of Antonio Luna’s assassination?

- According to reports, the guard whose disrespect for Luna was the primary cause of the assassination was captured,
tried by court martial, and immediately acquitted. According to other information, Ney insulted and provoked Luna
under Aguinaldo's instructions. According to one account, Luna was shot before Ney stabbed him.
 
3. Who really killed or masterminded the killing of Antonio Luna? Give some proofs
- According to historical accounts, Emilio Aguinaldo was the brains behind Antonio Luna's assassination. Antonio
Luna was stabbed to death by a guard chosen to kill him by Aguinaldo. The investigation revealed that Luna had been
assassinated, and that Commander Otis, the American Governor-General, had accurate information regarding the
death of the "insurgent general."
 
4. What was the effect of Rizal’s retraction or no retraction controversy to the Filipino nation?
- The retraction or non-retraction debate letter written by Rizal that was unearthed in 1935 has been a point of
contention among historians. The influence of Dr. Jose Rizal's retraction letter has been the subject of controversy
among academics and Catholics, depending on whether or not the letter is genuine or fraudulent. In this
disagreement, the question of whether or not Rizal genuinely recanted lies solely with the readers, as no amount of
evidence can make the two opposing sides agree.
 
5. Do you affirm or deny Rizal’s retraction? Support your answer.
 - As recounted in the history of the Philippines, eleven eyewitnesses were there when Rizal wrote his retraction,
signed a Catholic prayer book, and repeated Catholic prayers, and a large number of people witnessed him kiss the
crucifix before his execution. Fr. Marciano Guzman, a great-grandnephew of Rizal, notes that Rizal's four
confessions were validated by five eyewitnesses, ten qualified witnesses, seven newspapers, and twelve historians
and writers, including Aglipayan bishops, Masons, and anti-clericals. One witness was the president of the Spanish
Supreme Court at the time of his notarized statement, and Rizal held him in the highest regard for his honesty. In light
of the historical approach, he believes that these direct pieces of evidence are stronger than simply circumstantial
evidence. Using a "weighing scale" to compare the evidence supporting retraction vs non-retraction, I decided that
there is an abundance of good evidence supporting retraction. Therefore, the most objective historians have reached a
favorable conclusion. Rizal truly recanted.

6. Do you agree that the Cavite mutiny was instigated by GOMBURZA? Support your answer.
- Yes, the GOMBURZA was responsible for the Cavite Mutiny; they led the struggle against the cruel Spanish friars.
As instigators of the January 20, 1872 Cavity Arsenal Revolt, the three priests were hastily prosecuted and sentenced
to be executed by garroting. Three priests were extremely involved in the secularization (or nationalization) of the
clergy.
 
7. Why was Luna against the forming of the revolutionary government? Support your answer.
- Luna opposes the formation of the revolutionary government because he favors gradual improvement of the system
over a violent uprising against Spanish colonial power.
 
8. Was General Luna a dictator-general or not? Defend your answer.
- During the Philippine-American War, Aguinaldo promoted him to general. On September 26, 1898, he was
appointed director of War due to his gallantry. General Luna gained renowned for his valor, unique battle style, and
severe discipline. (Rigid and dictatorial)
 
9. Do you agree that the site of the first Catholic mass in the Philippines was held in Limasawa? Justify your answer.
- Yes, the first Catholic mass in the Philippines was celebrated by Father Pedro de Valderrama on Easter Sunday,
March 31, 1521, on the shore of a town islet named Limasawa in Southern Leyte, which was referred to in Antonio
Pigafette's notebooks as Mazua.
 
10. Is Limasawa Island existing at the time the Spanish searched the "island"? Justify your answer.
- Yes, however it was formerly known as the Limasawa Mountain Range. Upon the advent of the Spanish, they
brought with them blacksmiths who used coal to create iron swords, shields, and armor. Burning all of this coal
released tons of radiocarbons into the atmosphere, causing the glaciers at the top of the Limasawas to melt and flow
into the valleys. This enormous mass of water rushing down the mountain sides triggered enormous landslides and
extensive destruction. In addition, all of this water entered the sea, causing the sea level to increase until the low-
lying area surrounding the Limasawa mountain peak turned into an island.
 
11. What is the Flag Law of 1907?
- 1907, also referred to as "An Act to Prohibit the Display of Flags, Banners, Emblems, or Devices Used in the
Philippine Islands for Rebellion or Insurrection Against the Authority of the United States." Additionally, the law
forbade the display of Katipunan flags, banners, emblems, or devices.
 
12. What does the blue color of the flag signify?
- The blue color of flag signifies hope, vigilance, perseverance, and justice.
 
13. Do you agree that there should be 9 rays or a crescent in the flag instead of only 8? Justify your answer
- Adding another ray to the 8-ray sun in the Philippine flag would "destroy" the historical context behind the
symbolism, so I do not support the 9 rays or crescent.
 

14. Do you consider General Emilio Aguinaldo a hero or a traitor? Justify your answer.
- He is treacherous. While at Katipunan, he was the parasite that steadily ate the organization's integrity by
committing several treacherous acts, such as establishing his own government within Katipunan and refusing to aid
Bonifacio's faction in war. Regarding the Philippine-American War, during which Aguinaldo served as leader and
 president of the revolutionary government of the Philippines, Aguinaldo was captured by the Americans in 1901 and,
unlike Mabini and other rebels, he swore allegiance to the United States. He was able to remain in the Philippines and
live comfortably as a politician, whereas Mabini and others were sent into exile on Guam for refusing to take the
oath. Aguinaldo was a traitor to his administration, his comrades, revolutionary beliefs, and his country in this regard.
 
15. Are you for or against this logical statement? "Aguinaldo could be the "brain" of Luna’s assassination since his
assassination is similar to Bonifacio’s assassination". Elucidate this statement well.
- According to Pedro Paterno, one of the Filipino leaders, Aguinaldo ordered the assassination of Luna. According to
me, the assassination of Luna is comparable to that of Bonifacio. He recalled that the assassination was similar to the
death of Bonifacio in Cavite province. Both Luna and Bonifacio were Aguinaldo's rivals for Philippine leadership. 

Activity III. Reflection (30 points)

Direction: Indicate the things you have learned in this lesson (knowledge), the things you have realized and appreciated
(values) and the things you have discovered and wanted to do more (skills). Place these things inside the circular, rectangular
and triangle boxes which look like a human figure.

1. Things I have learned (Knowledge)

- This lesson has taught me about the various controversies and opposing viewpoints in Philippine history. I've
learned that it's important to evaluate the subject more thoroughly to ensure that it's credible and supports the
truth behind the controversy and conflict in Philippine history.

2. Things I have realized and discovered (Values)

- I have realized that not everything in the history textbook is accurate and that, in fact, history is a construct that is
open to all opinion and interpretation. I admire those historians who strive to uncover the truth behind the
controversies and conflicts in Philippines history.

3. Things I have discovered and wanted most (Skills)

- I have realized that there may be contradictory and competing versions of the past that require consideration and
might influence how we understand the history and identity of our country.