GALGOTIAS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

GREATER NOIDA, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA- 2 0 1 3 0 6 .

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled Real Time Object Detection
using Deep Learning submitted by Mr. Nitin Singh 1809710065, Mr. Aryan
Yadav 1809710027, Mr. Ashutosh Prajapati 1809710028 to the Galgotias
College of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, affiliated to Dr.
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh in partial
fulfillment for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer
science & Engineering is a bonafide record of the project work carried out by them
under my supervision during the year 2021-2022.

Mr. Ajeet Kumar Bhartee Dr. Vishnu Sharma

Assistant Professor Professor and Head
Deptt. of CSE Deptt. of CSE

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 GALGOTIAS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
GREATER NOIDA, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA- 2 0 1 3 0 6 .

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible
without the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. We would
like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.

We are highly indebted to Mr. Ajeet Kumar Bhartee for his guidance and constant
supervision. Also, we are highly thankful to them for providing necessary information
regarding the project & also for their support in completing the project.

We are extremely indebted to Dr. Vishnu Sharma, HOD, Department of Computer

Science and Engineering, GCET and Dr. Jaya Sinha, Project Coordinator,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, GCET for their valuable
suggestions and constant support throughout my project tenure. We would also like to
express our sincere thanks to all faculty and staff members of Department of
Computer Science and Engineering, GCET for their support in completing this project
on time.

We also express gratitude towards our parents for their kind co-operation and
encouragement which helped me in completion of this project. Our thanks and
appreciations also go to our friends in developing the project and all the people who
have willingly helped me out with their abilities.

Nitin Singh

Aryan Yadav

Ashutosh Prajapati

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 ABSTRACT

The field of computer vision known as real-time object detection is big, dynamic, and
difficult. Image localization refers to the detection of a single object in an image, while
Object Detection refers to the detection of many objects in an image. In digital photos
and videos, this recognizes the semantic objects of a class. Tracking objects, video
surveillance, pedestrian recognition, people counting, self-driving cars, face detection,
ball tracking in sports, and many other applications use real-time object detection.
Convolution neural networks is a Deep Learning tool for detecting objects with
OpenCV (Opensource Computer Vision), which is a set of programming functions
primarily for real-time computer vision.

KEYWORDS: Computer vision, Deep Learning, Convolution Neural Networks.

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 CONTENTS

Title Page

CERTIFICATE i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
ABSTRACT iii
CONTENTS iv
LIST OF TABLES vi
LIST OF FIGURES vii
ABBREVIATIONS ix

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Theoretical Concepts 2

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2 Related Literature Review 14

CHAPTER 3: PROBLEM FORMULATION

3.1 Problem Discussion 24

3.2 Problem Statement 25
3.3 Description of problem statement 26
3.4 Objectives 26

CHAPTER 4: PROPOSED WORK

4.1 Introduction 27
4.2 Proposed Methodology 31
4.3 Algorithms 31

CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM DESIGN

5.1 Functional Specification of System 39

5.2 Structural and Dynamic Modeling of System 40

CHAPTER 6: IMPLEMENTATION

6.1 Experimental Setup 43

6.2 Dataset Description 46

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CHAPTER 7: RESULT ANALYSIS 51

CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION, LIMITATION AND FUTURE SCOPE 56

REFERENCE 57

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 60

APPENDICES 61

APPENDIX A: CONTRIBUTION OF PROJECT 61

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 LIST OF TABLES

Figure Title Page

4.1 Measuring Factors Table 30

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 LIST OF FIGURES

FigureTitle Page

1.1 Classification Problems 4

1.2 Testing dataset accuracy 5

1.3 ML Architecture 7

1.4 Analyzing Training dataset 8

1.5 ML Models 10

2.1 Graphical representation of different cancer 14

2.2 ANN 17

2.3 Comparison of Classifier Accuracy 18

2.4 Breast Cancer 23

3.1 Data Flow Diagram 26

4.1 Flow diagram of Proposed Work 27

4.2 Cancerous & Non-Cancerous 29

4.3 Pictorial representation of K-Nearest 32

4.4 SGD Graph 29

4.5 SVM Linear 30

4.6 SVM kernel 31

5.1 Function specification of system 39

5.2 Use Case Diagram 40

5.3 Activity Diagram 41

5.4 Component Diagram 42

6.1 Dataset 46

6.2 Feature of Dataset 47

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6.3 Output of SGD code 48

6.4 Output of SVM linear co 48

6.5 Output of SVM Gaussian code 49

6.6 dataset representation of breast Cancer 49

7.1 Confusion matrix for dataset 51

7.2 ROC of (SGD) 52

7.3 Confusion matrix for SGD 52

7.4 ROC of SVM linear 53

7.5 Confusion matrix for SVM linear 53

7.6 ROC of SVM Gaussian 54

7.7 Confusion matrix for SVM Gaussian 54

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ix
 ABBREVIATIONS

CNN Convolutional Neural Network

CV Computer Vision
YOLO You Only Look Once
SIFT Scale Invariant Feature Transformation
HOG Histogram of Oriented Gradients
IOU Intersection Over Union

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