Chapter 20: International organization in world politics

What Are The International organization?

1. States are sometimes non state actors can become members of IOs.
2. IOS membership enhanced their recognition and legitimacy.
3. IO is an “ organisation that has representatives at least from three states supporting
a permanent secretariat to perform common purpose”.
4. IO is established by an international treaty and among states which has information
of important dates, structure, function and resources.
5. In 2018, there were 7726 IOs in existence, while in 1909 there were only 37.
6. Non state actors can also become part of IOs as ILO which includes
worker ,employer labour and sometimes trade union.
7. Hybrid International organization are another type of IOs these are basically
organization which devise International standards that affect 80% world commodity
trade. These ISO have become de facto standard for the WTO.
Why International organization are important?
IOS are important for 3 reasons:
1. The first reason is the they tend to endure, and only end when their purpose
dies.
2. IOs are important because they affect how state respond to complex issues,
IOS also provide technical expertise as UNHCR gave the concept of
International dispute person IDP’s.
3. IOS can affect every aspect of life from health to trade, finance to security
and culture relations. IOs can supply global public goods like international
peace and stable international order and climate system. They provide public
goods by direct support or suggestion. IOs sometimes become intrusive to
state sovereignty this instructions can be positive if it helps and negative if it
is imperialistic.
Why do states create IOs?
Liberalism
Liberalism point of view about IOs.
1. IOs brings prosperity and freedom by instituting common procedure and standards.
2. Liberals become Idealist when they assume that low politics Cooperation can result
in high politics. This is impractical desire.
3. Robert Keohane argued that all states could benefit from International Cooperation
through collective action.
4. Neo-liberal theory know focused on weather and how states might cooperate for
mutual advantage despite the absence of supranational government( anarchy).
5. IOS seed cooperation by reducing transaction cost provide information maximize
utility and promote issue linkage among States.
 Realism
what realism says about iOS ?
 IOS are neo arrangements that States could used to achieve their material and
security interest.
 Despite IOs states still engaged in conflict.
 IOS is nothing more than a platform for diplomacy.
 According to Han Morgenthau IOs could provide platform for inter-state
negotiations that could help change the international order later they dismissed the
view.
 Kenneth waltz’s neo- realism have viewed IOS as epiphenomenal to the structure of
international system .IOs thus embody “ the rules of the game with in which power
politics is played.
 In the international system lock in institutional rules from which they gain most.
 For realists hegemon make IOs to become even more powerful weak states can also
make IOs to set balance of power or band wagon.
Social constructivism
What social constructivism says about IOS ?
 3 objective is to uncover the influential work IOs were actually doing why IOs
operate the way they do and not otherwise.
 For them some IOs are autonomous bureaucracy which frame issues set agenda and
construct new actors through state mandate but they suggest new policies and
norms in societies.
 Many IOs are experts of their fields and have much more knowledge than states.
 IOS are engaged in “classifying the world”, creating categories of actors and action,
fixing meaning is the social world and defusing new norms ,principles and actors
around the globe. IOs have organizational cultures that is model for societies.