Trishia P.

Rivera
BSEd 3D

Researches about Particle Physics

Title:
Scientific Council of the National Institute of nuclear physics and particle physics (IN2P3) - Plenary
meeting of Tuesday 27 October and Wednesday 28 October 2020: ground-space complementarity
in researches on the CMB and gravitational waves
Abstract
This document contains Power Point presentations and texts of the contributions to a meeting
held in video-conference. The first day addresses issues related to astro-particles and cosmology. After an
introduction about the relationship between physics and cosmology, the authors propose information and
presentations of various research activities, installations and programs related to nuclear physics and
particle physics: the Vera-C.-Rubin observatory (previously named Large Synoptic Survey Telescope or
LSST), DESI (a project related to dark energy), the synergies between LSST and Euclid, presentation of
the Simons/S4 observatory, presentation of the project of participation to Litebird, presentation of the
'gravitational waves' research group, project of participation to LISA, information about 'Advanced Virgo
+' on the way towards the Einstein Telescope.
Reference: https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:52007007

Title:
Theory Selection in Particle Physics: A Quantitative Case Study of the Evolution of Weak-
Electromagnetic Unification Theory
Abstract

Drawing a distinction between the micro-level process of theory choice and the macro-
level process of theory selection within science, this paper presents an analysis of the
development of the weak-electromagnetic unification programme within the specialty of weak
interactions in high energy physics. Bibliometric techniques are used to understand the process
of theory selection during the rapid interaction of new theoretical and empirical developments.
Employing an evolutionary analogy, the interplay of theory and experiment is analyzed during
the theory selection process in the context of the history of the specialty. From this perspective,
theory and experiment are seen to be closely dependent, as theorists depend heavily on
experimental results for both the construction and confirmation of models, while at the same
time experimental work depends on theory for understanding the relevance of results.
Reference: Koester, D., Sullivan, D., & White, D. H. (1982). Theory Selection in Particle
Physics: A Quantitative Case Study of the Evolution of Weak-Electromagnetic Unification
Theory. Social Studies of Science, 12(1), 73–100. http://www.jstor.org/stable/284885

Title:
Single Photon Production at Hadron Colliders at NNLO
QCD with Realistic photon Isolation
Abstract:
Isolated photons at hadrons colliders are defined by permitting only limited amount of
hadronic energy inside a fixed-size cone around the candidate photon direction. This isolation
criterion admits contributions from collinear photon radiation off QCD partons and from parton-
to-photon fragmentation processes. We compute the NNLO QCD correlations to isolated photon
and photon-plus-jet production, including these two contributions. Our newly derived result
allows us to reproduce the isolation prescription used in the experimental measurements,
performing detailed comparisons with data from the LHC experiments. We quantify the impact
of different photon isolation prescription, including no isolation at all, on photon-plus-jet cross
sections and discuss possible measurements of the photon fragmentation functions at hadron
colliders.
Reference: https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000150467

Title:
Thermophysical Behavior of Mercury-Lead Liquid Alloy
Abstract
Thermophysical properties of compound forming binary liquid mercury-lead alloy at
temperature 600 K have been reported as a function of concentration by considering HgPb2
complex using different modelling equations. The thermodynamic properties such as the Gibbs
free energy, enthalpy of mixing, chemical activity of each component, and microscopic
properties such as concentration fluctuation in long-wavelength limit and Warren-Cowley short
range order parameter of the alloy are studied by quasi-chemical approximation. This research
paper places additional emphasis on the interaction energy parameters between the atoms of the
alloy. The theoretical and experimental data are compared to determine the model’s validity.
Compound formation model, statistical mechanical technique, and improved derivation of the
Butler equation have all been used to investigate surface tension. The alloy’s viscosity is
investigated using the Kozlov-Ronanov-Petrov equation, the Kaptay equation, and the Budai-
Benko-Kaptay model. The study depicts a weak interaction of the alloy, and the theoretical
thermodynamic data derived at 600 K are in good agreement with the experimental results. The
surface tension is slightly different in the compound formation model than in the statistical
mechanical approach and the Butler equation at greater bulk concentrations of lead. The
estimated viscosities in each of the three models are substantially identical.

Reference: Panthi, N., Bhandari, I. ., & Koirala, I. (2022). Thermophysical behavior of mercury-
lead liquid alloy. Papers in Physics, 14, 140005. https://doi.org/10.4279/pip.140005

Title:
Challenges and opportunities in measuring time-resolved force chain evolution in 3D
granular materials
Abstract
Granular materials are found throughout nature and industry: in landslides, avalanches,
and river beds, and also in pharmaceutics, food, and mineral processing. Many behaviors of these
materials, including the ways in which they pack, deform, flow, and transmit energy, can be fully
understood only in the context of inter-particle forces. However, we lack techniques for
measuring 3D inter-particle force evolution at subsecond timescales due to technological
limitations. Measurements of 3D force chain evolution at subsecond timescales would help
validate and extend theories and models that explicitly or implicitly consider force chain
dynamics in their predictions. Here, we discuss open challenges associated with force chain
evolution on these timescales, challenges limiting such measurements, and possible routes for
overcoming these challenges in the coming decade.
References: Hurley, R., & Zhai, C. (2022). Challenges and opportunities in measuring time-
resolved force chain evolution in 3D granular materials. Papers in Physics, 14,
140003. https://doi.org/10.4279/pip.140003

Title:
Spin-offs of High Energy Physics to Society
Abstract
Scientists are more and more frequently asked about the spin-offs of fundamental
research. To answer effectively, it is important to organise the multiple aspects of knowledge and
technology transfer in a coherent scheme. In this paper the spin-offs of particle physics to other
fields of science and to industries are grouped in four streams: usable knowledge, people,
methods and technologies. After treating these four items, with examples and suggestions of
ways to improve the quality and quantity of the spin-offs, the pathways through which the results
and the techniques of fundamental science percolate to society are discussed.
Reference: https://cds.cern.ch/record/506612/files/506612.pdf