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Informatics Institute of Technology.docx minel perera

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Summary
 Informatics Institute of Technology
Trends in Computer Science
4COSC008C.1

MACHINE LEARNING
2.a
How does it compare with conventional computing?

Student Name: Minel Priscilla Perera

UoW number : 19536006
IIT number : 20220125

Group : D – 8
Name UoW No.
1. A. L. Lithira Sathnindu Amarasinghe 19531159
2. K. Vihanga Lakdam 19563354
3. Minel Priscilla Perera 19536006
4. A. W. Akila Jayawardana 19531290
Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 1
1. Machine learning ................................................................................................................................ 2
2. Conventional computing .................................................................................................................... 4
3. Machine learning VS Conventional computing ................................................................................... 5
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................... 7
References ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
Table of figures

Figure 1 machine learning (Author created)_____________________________________________________ 3

Figure 2 Conventional computing (Author created) _______________________________________________ 4
Figure 3 Conventional computing vs machine learning (Author created) ______________________________ 6
Introduction

What if humans can train the machines? With the evaluation of technology amount of the
data been generate has increased. Collecting, sorting and analyzing these data can be time
consuming. But with the emergence of machine learning this process has been much easier
than the past. In the past machines basically follows the instruction which given by the
humans. But with machine learning they can behave like humans and gain knowledge base
on their past experience. This process is very efficient, accurate and fast. Image
recognition, voice search technology, automated translation are few examples where we
use machine learning process. So today basically machine learning is everywhere.

3
1|Page
 6
1. Machine learning

1.1 What is machine learning?

1
Machine learning is subdivision of Artificial intelligence that includes abstruse statistical
techniques that enable machines to improve at tasks with experience. The name/word
5
machine learning was first originated in 1950s when Arthur Samuel known as the Artificial
Intelligence pioneer built the first self-learning system for playing checkers. He found out
that system performed better when it was played multiple times. This indicate that
experience lead to better analysis.
2
Machine learning is a field in the computer science but it different from the traditional
computational approaches. Machine learning process helps computers to learn by it’self
from training data and improve gradually, without being programed specifically. Basically
it is Self-Learn process. In today’s world we can see how Machine learning process has
been a part of human day to day activities. If we take social media platforms, most of them
using this method to analysis the user’s personality.

There are 3 different types of machine learning.

 Supervised learning.
 The main objective is to learn with the use of labeled training data that helps
in making predictions on regarding the future data. (Raschka, S. and Mirjalili,
V, 2019)
 Unsupervised learning.
 Unsupervised learning algorithms are mainly used to identify non-labelled
data and provide the connection in the data. (Lee, W. M., 2019)
 Reinforcement learning.
 Reinforcement learning works in the principle of feedback.

2|Page
Machine learning consists with following disciplines; Scientific computing, Mathematics,
Statistics. Machine learning should not be applied to tasks in which human’s intervention
is needed in very effectively or frequently. As an example, air traffic control is a very
complex task needing intense human involvement. In addition, machine learning cannot
be used effectively when there is no sufficient training data

“With small training data sets, the impact of bad data is exponentially worse. For the
quality of prediction or recommendation to be good, the training data should be sizeable”
(Chandramouli, S., Dutt, S. and Das, A.K., 2018)

Machine learning

Dataset Output

Computer

Algorithm

FIGURE 1 MACHINE LEARNING (AUTHOR CREATED)

3|Page
 2. Conventional computing

The machines that follows a pre-written set of instructions to process data are known as
the conventional computers. Input of instructions into the machine and it works according
to the instructions to complete a task. These machines are also known as Von Neumann
computers or classical machines. The major components of Conventional computers are
memory, processing and bandwidth. These systems can do better job in storing the
numbers in its memory and process the stored numbers with help of using simple
mathematical operations. Conventional computing uses conventional procedural
language.

Conventional data processing

Dataset Algorithm

Computer

Output

FIGURE 2 CONVENTIONAL COMPUTING (AUTHOR CREATED)

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 3. Machine learning VS Conventional computing

 Most Conventional computers can do one task at one time. The more complex the
problem they can take much time to solve it. In some situation it need more
computing power in order to solve much complex problems. Moreover
Conventional computing approach is an algorithm dependent and there can be
instance where multiple algorithms can work.
 Unlikely Conventional computing, in machine learning it not only uses a already-
written algorithms but also learns on how the problems can be solved by itself. It
beyond algorithmic solutions and trains to solve different complex tasks by itself.
 When we look at the Conventional computing the instructions or algorithms has
need to enter manually. Basically it is a manual process. On the other hand in
machine learning we do not need to provide exact instructions instead it realize on
patterns and inference.
 There is a significant difference between Conventional computing and Machine
learning based on the number of input parameters that the model can process. In
Machine learning, to get an accurate predication it is required to feed thousands of
parameters and it must have to done with great caution and high accuracy since it
can affect with the result. On the contrary, Conventional computing a programmer
cannot build an algorithm following same patterns.
 Conventional computing develops a loosely structured code based on the existing
system where as in machine learning programmer has to work with different
algorithms, more data and create a prototype to design solutions.
4
 Machine learning shows different and unique promises when dealing with general
4
problems. neural networks (Classically learning) have provided proof fault tolerant
and robust to noise; they were commonly and often used in order to reduce noise
in signals. For problems and issues like noise decoherence, missing/ damage data

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 machine learnings is identified as the best (Bhattacharyya, S., Maulik, U. and Dutta,
P., 2016)

DIMENSION MACHINE LEARNING CONVENTIONAL COMPUTER

Process Initially/primarily symbolic Initially/primarily algorithm

Input Can be incomplete Should be complete

Search Heuristic Algorithms

Explanation Included Mostly not included

Highly interested in Knowledge Information and data

Structure Separation in control and Integrated with the data

knowledge

Output Can be incomplete Complete

Updates and Easy due to modularity Difficult

maintenance

Hardware Workstations & PC All types

Reasoning capability Limited and can be improved none

FIGURE 3 CONVENTIONAL COMPUTING VS MACHINE LEARNING (AUTHOR CREATED)

6|Page
Conclusion

As we discussed Machine learning is the development and use of computer systems that
has the ability to learn and adapt using algorithms and statistical models without human
instructions to analyze and to reach to conclusion basis of evidence and reasoning. In
conventional computing programs are created manually by providing input data and
based on the programing or algorithm generates the output. So we can conclude that
Machine learning is very efficient and time saving method where conventional
computing fall behind.

7|Page
References
Bhattacharyya, S., Maulik, U., & Dutta, P. (n.d.). Quantum inspired computational intelligence.
O'Reilly Online Learning. Retrieved October 30, 2022, from
https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/quantum-inspired-
computational/9780128044377/B9780128044094000012.xhtml#:-
:text=Machine%20learning%20%5B19,or%20damaged%20data.

Chandramouli, S. (n.d.). Machine learning. O'Reilly Online Learning. Retrieved October 30,
2022, from https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/machine-
learning/9789389588132/xhtml/chapter001.xhtml#:-
:text=with%20small%20training,should%20be%20sizeable.

Chebbi, C. (n.d.). Mastering machine learning for penetration testing. O'Reilly Online Learning.
Retrieved October 30, 2022, from https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/mastering-
machine-learning/9781788997409/a674b7fb-8d8a-448b-a480-44e62fdeeafb.xhtml#:-
:text=Making%20a%20machine,CopycopyHighlighthighlightAdd%20NotenoteGet%20Li
nklink

Lee, W.-M. (n.d.). Python machine learning. O'Reilly Online Learning. Retrieved October 30,
2022, from https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/python-machine-
learning/9781119545637/c01.xhtml#:-
:text=Unsupervised%20learning%20algorithms,in%20the%20data.

Raschka, S., & Mirjalili, V. (n.d.). Python machine learning - third edition. O'Reilly Online
Learning. Retrieved October 30, 2022, from https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/python-
machine-learning/9781789955750/Text/Chapter_1.xhtml#:-
:text=The%20main%20goal,or%20future%20data.

Müller, A. C., & Guido, S. (n.d.). Introduction to machine learning with python. O'Reilly Online
Learning. Retrieved October 30, 2022, from
https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/introduction-to-
machine/9781449369880/ch01.html#:-
:text=When%20you%20look%20at,multiple%20machine%20learning%20models.

An introduction to machine learning. MonkeyLearn. (n.d.). Retrieved October 30, 2022, from
https://monkeylearn.com/machine-learning/

Behrman, E. C., Nguyen, N. H., Steck, J. E., & McCann, M. (2016, October 7). Quantum neural
computation of entanglement is robust to noise and decoherence. Quantum Inspired
Computational Intelligence. Retrieved October 30, 2022, from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128044094000012?via%3Dihub

Packt. (2018, June). Mastering machine learning for penetration testing. Packt. Retrieved
October 30, 2022, from https://www.packtpub.com/product/mastering-machine-learning-
for-penetration-testing/9781788997409

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Brennan, K. F. (2010). Introduction to semiconductor devices: For computing and
telecommunications applications. Cambridge University Press.

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 Similarity Report ID: oid:28592:26054777

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