INTRODUCTION TO COMPARATIVE
POLITICS demand progress reports and issue
MONARCHY
CAMBODIA
- Is a constitutional monarchy., i.e. the
King reigns but does NOT rule, in
similar fashion to Queen Elizabeth II
of the United Kingdom.
- The King is the official head of the
state and is the symbol of unity and
“perpetuity” of the nation.
- Norodom Sihanouk, reigned as King
from Sept. 4 1993 through Oct. 7,
2004.
- Under the Constitution, The King has
NO political power, but as Sihanouk
was revered in the country, his word
often carried much influence in the
government.
- He issued a proclamation that since
Cambodia is a “liberal democracy” the
Kingdom is ought to allow gay
marriage.
- This influence of the King was often
used to help mediate differences in
government.
THE CONTROL YUAN
- Is mandated to investigate complaints
against public officials.
- Its role is to monitor public officials
(including governmental expenditures)
and recommend corrective measures
or or criminal procedures where
appropriate.
- The Control Yuan has the power to
fertilizer, plywood, rubber, food and
censures or impeachment (except to
the president and vice president of
Taiwan).
- Members of TCY are appointed by the
president for renewable 6-years
terms, subject to approval of the
Legislature.
MILITARY BRANCH OF THE
GOVERNMENT OF CHINA
THE CENTRAL MILITARY COMMISSION
- Consists of 11 Members and is
responsible for controlling the People’
Liberation Army, the People’s
Liberation Army Militia, and People’s
Armed Police.
- It does this by creating military policy
and ensuring that it is carried out by
the lower offices.
- This Commission makes decisions
about deployment of its armed forces
and budget spending.
- The Head of this Commission is the
Chairman, who acts as the
Commander-in-Chief of the Military.
- The National People’s Congress
elects the Chairman of the Country.
INDONESIA’S INDUSTRY SECTORS
- Provide employment to 18.6%of the
total workforce of the country.
- Some of the major industries of
Indonesia include petroleum and
natural gas, textiles, apparel,
footwear, mining, cement, chemical
tourism.
- However, the lack of development in
the health industry and in
transportation, along with the
corruption, is the biggest obstacle to
the country’s economic growth.
INDONESIA INDUSTRY SECTIONS:
MAJOR SECTORS:
1. Agriculture
- With 42.1% of the total labor
workforce engaged in
agriculture.
- Indonesia can be rightly
considered an agrarian
country.
- This sector contributed 14.4%
to the country’s GDP in 2009.
- This sector can be categorized
into food crops, non-food
crops, horticulture, animal
products, fish products and
forest products.
- Rice and coffee remain the
major produce of the country,
making it the world’s fourth
biggest producer of these
products.
2. Mining
- Country’s mining sector
increased from US$1.2 billion
in 2007 to US$1.6 billion in
2008.
 3. Textile and Apparel
- The textile and apparel
manufacturing industry of
Indonesia ranks 14th in the
world.
- Around 155 textile production
companies went bankrupt in
2009 due to an increase in the
cost of production and
enormous inflow of cheap stuff
from China.
4. Tourism
- Tourism is among the biggest
economy boosters in
Indonesia.
- This is apparent in the fact that
6.45 million visitors came to
the country in 2009, despite of
hotel bombing in Jakarta.
- Tourism contributes 3% to the
GDP of the country.
- However, this is much lower
than that of its tiny neighbor
Singapore, which was visited
by 9.5 million people in 2009.
MACAU
MACAU IS A SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE
REGION OF CHINA
Special Administrative Region (SAR)
- This is an area that falls under the
general auspices of one country but
which has maintained a separate
political and economic system.
- The Macao Special Administrative
Region is an inalienable part of the
People’s Republic of China (Art. 1,
Basic Law of MSAR of the PRC)
- MSAR shall be a local administrative
region of the PRC, which shall enjoy a
high degree of autonomy and come
directly under the Central People’s
Government (Art. 12, Basic Law of
MSAR of the PRC)
- The National People’s Congress
authorizes the Macao Special
Administrative Region to exercise a
high degree of autonomy and enjoy
executive, legislative and independent
judicial power, including that of final
adjudication , in accordance with the
provision of this Law (Art. 2, Basic
Law of MSAR of the PRC)
- The socialist system and policies shall
not be practiced in the MSAR, and the
previous capitalist system and way of
life shall remain unchanged for 50
years (Art. 5, Basic Law of MSAR of
the PRC)
- The right of private ownership of
property shall be protected by law in
the MSAR (Art. 6, Basic Law of MSAR
of the PRC).
- The MSAR shall be vested with
independent judicial power, including
that of final adjudication. The courts of
MSAR shall have jurisdiction over all
cases in the region, except that the
restrictions on their jurisdiction
imposed by the legal system and
principles previously in force in Macao
shall be maintained. The courts in
MSAR shall have no jurisdiction over
acts of state such as defense and
foreign affairs. The courts of the
Region shall obtain a certificate from
the Chief Executive on questions of
fact concerning acts of state such as
defense and foreign affairs whenever
such questions arise in the
adjudication of cases. This certificate
shall be binding on the courts. Before
issuing such a certificate, the Chief
Executive shall obtain a certifying
document from the Central People’s
Government (Art. 19, Basic Law of
MSAR of the PRC).
SIGNIFICANT HISTORY OF MACAO
● 1513 - Portuguese ship anchors in the
Pearl River estuary.
● 18th Century- Maca develops into a
trading center.
● 1987- Portugal and China agree to
return of Macau to Chinese, using
“The Joint Declaration on the
Question of Macau”
● 1999- Macau becomes a special
administrative region under Chinese
sovereignty.
● “One Country, Two System”
● The state may establish special
administrative regions when
necessary. The system instituted in a
special administrative region shall, in
light of specific circumstances, be
prescribed by laws enacted by the
National People’s Congress (Art. 31,
Constitution of the People’s Republic
of China).