Dr Rajendra Dobhal is currently serving as Director General, Uttarakhand State Council for

Science and Technology, Government of Uttarakhand. He had a distinct privilege to occupy the
positions like Chairman and Managing Director, National Research Development Corporation
(NRDC), Govt. of India; Director, Uttarakhand Science Education and Research Centre (USERC);

Devi Prasad Uniyal 

Kalish N. Bhardwaj
Director, Uttarakhand Space Application Centre (USAC); Senior Scientific Advisor/Project Director,

Rajendra Dobhal
Uttarakhand State Biotechnology Board; Scientist/Tech. Advisor to Director General and Science
Advisor, Government of Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal in the past. He is also the Chairman of the
Sustainable Development Forum, Uttaranchal. A Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, India, Dr Dobhal is

Editors:
a known Intellectual Property (IP) professional trained from the Department of Science & Technology, Government
of India; Washington University, USA; International Law Development Institute (ILDI), Manila, Philippines and
National Law University, Bangalore. Dr Dobhal has monitored over 250 R&D projects leading to national and
international publications and patents and has successfully organised 13 Science Congresses in Uttarakhand,
benefiting over 10,000 scientists. He has written over 40 technical reports, 12 books, published over 150 research
papers in various journals of national and international repute. Dr Dobhal is currently focusing his energies to
create a Science City in the state of Uttarakhand.

Dr Devi Prasad Uniyal has more than 25 years of Research Experience in the field of Taxonomy
& Ecology  of the fish fauna of Northern India, Water Quality Monitoring, Remote Sensing &
Geographic Information Studies Application, Innovation Promotion and Science Communication.
Dr Uniyal worked in the Zoological Survey of India (Government of India) for more than 10 years
in various capacity and conducted field studies/scientific expeditions in Trans-Himalayas,

NOVEL CORONA VIRUS

Himalayas,  Shiwalik Hills, Gangetic Plain, Central India (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh,

Novel
Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and part of Madhya  Pradesh) and completed 14 major
research projects. Dr Uniyal is currently serving as Joint Director at the Uttarakhand State Council for Science

(COVID-19)
and Technology (Government of Uttarakhand), looking after Scientific Administration, implementation of Science

CORONA VIRUS
related policy matter in the state, Science Popularization, Central Sponsored Scheme Division and National
Academy of Science, India, Uttarakhand chapter. Presently, he is handling six major research projects. He has
published 64 research papers,and 20 Popular Articles in International/National Journals and Eight edited books.
He has guided many master’s degree scholars and is currently guiding two Ph.D. research scholars. He has also

(COVID-19)
delivered many invited lectures in various Institutions/Universities across the Country and Globe including Food
& Agriculture Organization (FAO), Italy and at the University of Dresden, Germany. Dr Uniyal is member of many
prestigious scientific bodies including the National Academy of Sciences, India (M.N.A.Sc), Zoological Society of
India (M.Z.S.I). He is an Expert Group Member in DST (Govt. of India), Uttarakhand Biodiversity Board, Uttarakhand
Pollution Control Board, Uttarakhand Renewable Energy Development Agency, Uttarakhand Biotechnology
Board etc. He is also a Board Member / Reviewer in various International and National Journals.

Past, Present and Future

Dr Kailash N. Bhardwaj, is currently working as Scientific
Officer (I/c) and In-charge Regional Science Center. He is
Post-graduate and PhD in Microbiology and has worked
in various R&D projects on biodegradation of endosulfan,
bio-nitrogen fertilizer, extremophiles of glaciers and
thermal springs and solid state fermentation for cattle
feed. He is recipient of prestigious UGC-Dr DS Kothari
Postdoctoral Fellowship. He has taught Post Graduate students of
microbiology from 2006-2010 at HNB Garhwal University. Dr Bhardwaj
has published 09 research papers, 04 book chapters and 05 popular
ABOUT THE BOOK
COVID-19 pandemic has threatened all
aspects of life on earth. It has caused
unprecedented health and economic
crisis all over the world. Among
these extreme economic, societal
and developmental crises, scientific
developments are, however, extremely
praiseworthy. This edited book Novel

Past, Present
science articles in journals of national and international repute. He Corona Virus (COVID-19): Past, Present

has credit of submitting 13 thermophilic cyanobacterial cultures in the
CCUBGA at IARI, New Delhi and a total of 26 16S-rDNA & ITS sequences
and GUS-GFP vector in NCBI database. He has been key contributor
in drafting Uttarakhand Biotechnology Policy 2018-23 and Detailed
Project Report for Science City Dehradun project. Dr Bhardwaj is the
life member of prestigious societies, ISCA, AMI and SBAM.
Uttarakhand State Council for
Science & Technology (UCOST)
(Government of Uttarakhand)
Vigyan Dham, Jhajra, Dehradun - 248007, Uttarakhand, India
E-mail: ucost@ucost.in; Website: www.ucost.in
M/s Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh
PUBLISHERS & DISTRIBUTORS OF SCIENTIFIC BOOKS
23-A, New Connaught Place, Dehra Dun -248001, INDIA
Ph.: 91-135-2715748 Fax: 91-135-2715107;
E-mail: bsmpsbooks@gmail.com; Website: bsmpsbooks.com
and Future
and Future encompasses the updated
information on R&D up to second wave
of Covid-19. It covers relevant topics
on viral structure & characteristics,
molecular epidemiology, diagnosis,
treatment, impact, and management of
pandemic. The editors believe that the
information compiled in the book will be
helpful to academicians, researchers
and policy planners. Edited by :
Rajendra Dobhal
Devi Prasad Uniyal 
Kailash N. Bhardwaj
9 789393 097972
Novel Corona Virus
(COVID-19)
Past, Present and Future

Editors
Rajendra Dobhal
Devi Prasad Uniyal
Kailash N. Bhardwaj

Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology (UCOST)

(Government of Uttarakhand)
Vigyan Dham, Jhajra, Dehradun - 248007 Uttarakhand, India

Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh

23-A, New Connaught Place,
Dehra Dun - 248 001 (INDIA)
2022
Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19): Past, Present and Future.
© 2022, Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology (UCOST)

Citation: Dobhal, R., Uniyal, D.P. and Bhardwaj, K.N., 2022. Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19): Past, Present and
Future. Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology (UCOST) Dehradun and Bishen Singh Mahendra
Pal Singh, Dehradun.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior
permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and
extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the publisher.

Disclaimer : Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and fully
acknowledge all sources of information, graphics, and photographs used in the book. Any omissions or errors
that may appear in this book are unintended, and for which the author assumes full responsibility and not any
Organization/Institute to which they belong or the Publishing organization.

ISBN : 978-93-93097-97-2

Published by Abhimanyu Gahlot for Messrs Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, 23-A, New Connaught Place,
Dehra Dun and Uttarakhand State Council for Science & Technology (UCOST) Dehra Dun, India, Printed at Shiva
Offset Press and composed by Doon Phototype Printers, 14, Old Connaught Place, Dehra Dun, India.
COVID-19 Pandemic's

C H A PT E R
Impact on Health Care
and the Socio-Economic 25
System
Gagan Matta1*, Anjali Nayak1, Manisha
ABSTRACT
Uniyal2, Gulshan K. Dhingra3,
Pandemic COVID-19, one of the biggest disaster Avinash Kumar1 and Pawan Kumar1
occurred in the last 100 Years initially found and spread 1
Hydrological Research Lab., Department of Zoology
over the Wuhan City, China in last month of 2019 and and Environmental Science, Gurukul Kangri
outbreak worldwide by February 2020. The COVID-19 Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
pandemic has placed significant strain on our health- : *drgaganmatta@gkv.ac.in
care system. Specifically, one of the most serious threats Department of Zoology, D.B.S. (PG) College,
2

to health-care professionals is one of the most serious Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

flaws in healthcare systems across the world. Healthcare 3
Department of Botany Pt. L.M.S. Sri Dev Suman
is intended to encourage quality considerations, with a University, Rishikesh Campus, Rishikesh,
particular emphasis on new diseases, as well as to aid Uttarakhand, India
in the advancement and prevention of healthcare. ISBN: 978-93-93097-97-2; pp: 395-402
Shortages of preventative equipment such as face
masks, ICU beds, personal protective equipment (PPE),
high healthcare expenses, poor clinical capacity, and
ventilators have all highlighted flaws in the delivery of
patient care. The first COVID-19 epidemic in India was
reported on January 30th, 2020. With a global
population of more than 7 billion people, the COVID-19
epidemic poses a huge challenge in terms of treating
confirmed cases, which necessitates additional
protective equipment and other clinical facilities. We
outline the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the
health-care system in light of this worldwide flare-up.
Keywords: COVID-19, epidemic, health sector, and
socioeconomic factors.

INTRODUCTION
More than 30,000 cases of coronavirus ailment 2019 (COVID 19) have been confirmed after national
specialists in China reported 44 cases of “pneumonia of obsure etiology” to the WHO in last December
2019. (WHO, 2020a; CSSE, 2020). While the virus’s analytic characteristics and executives have been
shown in other papers, nothing has been done to explain the community’s health response to the
disaster.Impersonation, the rapid transmission of illness, and the hourly progress of deception on TV,
social media, and news articles have kept the true dialogue between universal health professionals
and clinical experts and the larger public hidden (Neporent, 2020). Although the economic community
396  COVID-19 Pandemic's Impact on Health Care and the Socio-Economic System

prepares to control the pollution, emergency responders outside of China vow to tackling the growing
public anxiety by according to accepted general health norms. To do so, we must understand the
natural progression of a flare-response. 

PANDEMIC COVID-19 AND THEIR IMPACT

Pandemics are generally malady flare-ups that become widespread because of the spread of human-
to-human contamination. The pandemic related crises have been related to colossal adverse effects
on human wellbeing, economy, and security of national, society, and overall affiliations. Additionally,
they have caused colossal social and political interference. COVID-19 is at present a global pandemic
affecting around 216 nations and has just killed in more than 5,02,278 individuals globally, with
confirmed cases inclusive currently remaining at nearly 1,01,17,687 (WHO, 2020) Fig. 1. Various
Experts from different nations caution that the disease, which began in the City of Wuhan, China,on
the 30th December of 2019, will simply cause more, and the current numbers are likely to blow up
further. The abrupt flare-up of COVID-19 shook the scientific society, and experts over the nations
are working vigorously to comprehend the infection and its characteristics to structure intervention
methodologies to fight the ailment. Until now, we’ve had the option of understanding that COVID-19
is induced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is a solitary, deserted RNA virus (ssRNA) with a genomic
size of 29903 bp. The extreme intense respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes the COVID-19
pandemic (SARS-CoV-2). In terms of genome, this virus is clearly linked to the viruses that caused
SARS in 2003 and MERS in 2012. Regardless, enormous difficulties are affecting the global spread of
SARS-CoV-2 and the extraordinary efforts taken to alleviate broad human health consequences and
safeguard the advancement of critical infrastructure.

COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND PUBLIC HEALTH

The connection between public health and pollution is not a new concept nor a new topic. COVID-19
was discovered in China in December of 2019 and has since caused a major international flare-
up, making it a critical global clinical concern. COVID-19 spreads between humans through indirect
(through infected some objects and surfaces) and direct through close contact with COVID-19
infected persons via inhalation through mouth and nose (Phan et al., 2020; Riou and Althaus, 2020;
Matta et al., 2020). COVID-19 contamination affects humans in different ways. COVID-19 has both
similarities and differences with many other coronavirus diseases (Backer et al., 2020). Dry cough,
fever, sore throat, shortness of breath, loss of taste or smell, pneumonia, and septic shock are the most
common symptoms of this condition. Because there is no particular therapy for COVID-19 infected
persons, it is critical to describe the link between COVID-19 and immune-rheumatologic individuals.
As a respiratory disease, COVID-19 causes damage to the organs and tissues that allow the body
to breathe. Some middle and old age people are more at danger of severe problems than others
because the risk of coronavirus can increase for those people with fundamental health conditions, for
example, heart failure, some coronary artery and kidney disease, obesity, weakened immune system,
and diabetes. Many researchers all over the world are still working on vaccines and treatments for
coronavirus.
The number of verified COVID-19 cases is rising every day throughout the world. COVID-19 has an
impact on the world economy and health. In a globalised society, there is a growing link between
people and animals, which might lead to the transmission and appearance of new diseases.Countries
must form a robust healthcare system to control the threat of upcoming infectious disorder and their
Gagan Matta, Anjali Nayak et al. 397

(a)

(b)

Fig. 1. Map showing the global trend for confirmed cases (a) and deaths (b)
(Source: https://covid19.who.int/)

reoccurrence. Because of the surprising flare-up of COVID-19, almost every small and big urban
communities and towns in the affected many developed and developing countries Italy, China, France,
the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, India, and other countries are under partial or total
lockdown for periods ranging from half a month to several months. To avoid communal transmission,
all nearby and central associations across the world have imposed restrictions on inhabitants’ mobility
outside of their homes. Many religious and cultural events, as well as sports and large gatherings, such
as the Olympics, sporting events, and the Hajj, have been cancelled. Various sorts of businesses have
ceased operations, and a wide variety of travel and movement has been cancelled. In the meanwhile,
pains are taking precautions to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by preventing the movement
that would have a significant environmental effect. Various forms of industrial waste emission have
diminished significantly as a result of the non-operation of numerous small and large-scale enterprises.
Automobiles are reduced to almost nil, resulting in a considerable reduction in air pollution from
greenhouse gases and other harmful suspended particles. The usage of fossil fuels and traditional
energy sources has been considerably reduced as a result of the decreased interest of electricity in
various enterprises. All the natural ecosystems are rejuvenated,making the environment significantly
convalesced with clear skies and maximum availability of fresh air after many decades. Natural tourist
destination and sea routes like oceans forest, beaches, and hill areas, etc. is moreover contracting for
the most part. With a significant positive change in the environment, improvisation in the Ozone layer
has also been seen. The COVID19 pandemic has confirmedthat the decline in environmental quality is
majorly caused by various human activities on the name of development,and while in reverse action
398  COVID-19 Pandemic's Impact on Health Care and the Socio-Economic System

to the same coronavirus,on the one hand,has impacted every aspect of humanity at a global level, on
the other hand, helped the global environmental condition to revitalize.

THE REPERCUSSIONS FOR THE HEALTH-CARE SYSTEM

Throughout the flare-underlying up’s period, health protection assets usually are occupied away
from giving routine consideration and moved to flare-up management. As a rule, therapeutic service
is to give and promote quality consideration, focus on emerging ailments, and put resources into
advancing and preventive healthcare. The human healthcare sector is in the midst of a massive
epidemic, and the business sector has stepped up to help, whether it’s providing testing support,
arranging beds for Covid-19 positive patients’ medicine, or sending equipment and personnel to
designated nodal crisis institutions. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an innovative change for
global social healthcare systems. Considering a large number of healthcare workers is likely one of
the most significant weaknesses of medical service frameworks all over the world. Recognizing that
many health professionals are unable to work remotely, measures such as viral testing as a first line of
defence for asymptomatic as well as active healthcare professionals are essential (Tanne et al., 2020).
Maximum medical service expenses, as well as inadequacies in protective equipment, such as low
clinical limit and N95 face masks, ICU beds, and ventilators, have finally revealed flaws in the delivery
of patient attention. In the United States, there is concern about uninsured persons who may work in
jobs with a higher risk of viral contamination, which might result in significant financial repercussions
in the event of illness (Henry and Kaiser., 2020).

THE IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECTOR

During the COVID-19 Flare-up, a large amount of social capital is at risk. The COVID-19 epidemic is
forcing organisations throughout the world to make difficult decisions in order to respond to the crisis
– and the stakes are especially high for organisations in low- and middle-income nations. On addition
of the numerous challenges they have already overcome, these businesses must now make critical
decisions that will likely have long-term consequences—not just for themselves, but also for their
employees, providers, peculators, and, ultimately, their customers (UNESCO, 2020). Social exclusion,
self-isolation, and travel restrictions caused workforce reductions across the board, resulting in
the loss of a variety of jobs. All of the schools have closed, and the demand for inventories and
manufactured goods has decreased. On the other hand, the requirement for clinical supplies has also
increased. The food sector has also seen a surge in demand as a result of people anxiety and stocking
supplies. Close to 900 million learners have been impacted by the closure of educational institutions,
according to UNESCO.

GLOBAL STRATEGIES TO PREVENT COVID19

COVID19, a global health crisis, requires a major action plan involving all the nations. National and
international organizations like WHO and Ministries of Health etc. must issue specific advisories
or guidelines for the common masses while sharing the correct information and to face this novel
infection. Further, to minimize the harm associated with COVID19 preparedness in medical facilities
and an increase in positive behavior change, including positive scientific temperament, can restrict
the spread of disease. Some of the procedures are mentioned, which could help from pandemics and
epidemics like COVID19.
Gagan Matta, Anjali Nayak et al. 399

SOCIAL DISTANCING AND FACE MASK

With no availability of vaccination even after the 7 months of the occurrence of the global health
disaster COVID-19 pandemic, precautions and preventions are the standard and most effective cure.
After declaring coronavirus as a pandemic, various international and respective government agencies
have issued the guidelines for all significant focusing on social distancing; while making quarantine
and isolation compulsory for individuals with international and national travel history. As per the
guidelines, even after the four months of declaration, the most effective preventive measure is social
distancing to avoid any kind of exposure to the coronavirus to slow outbreak at the local or country
level. Social distancing is counted as a non-pharmaceutical disease precaution and prevention to avoid
any kind of contact with the person infected with diseases causing viruses or pathogens with those
who are not to minimize the rate of the outbreak. While on the other hand, face mask, which is also
another biggest tool to fight with global health disaster COVID-19, mentioned in all the guidelines
to be followed by every individual. Masks act as a physical barrier to minimize the direct impact of
bacterial particulates should be worn all the time while in public or when people around you. Today
social distancing and using face masks have become the symbol of the era of the pandemic, showing
the worries of every individual to be safe and to keep others safe.

HEALTH HYGIENE AND WASH

Health hygiene and WASH are the most important and essential needs for the excellent health of not
only human beings but as human resources and for the environment also. During in the COVID-19
epidemic, in addition to other precautions and preventative measures, health hygiene and WASH are
another critical step that must be implemented even after the vaccine is created. Coronavirus is new
to entire humanity and, as per studies, is still evolving with its outbreak through person to person
while coming in contact directly or indirectly or with respiratory droplets. With social distancing and
face mask, we can minimize the spread through droplets, but with direct or indirect contact, regular
hand wash, hygiene environment to minimize the impact of any pathogen are most important. Water
and sanitation hygiene are the basics needed for the entire humanity but much lacking in developing
and low-income countries. For a hygiene environment, clean water and disposal of used water are
equally important with proper sanitation systems to avoid the spread of any kind of pathogens or virus.

CONFINING MASS GATHERING IN DIFFERENT PLACES

A major goal of people’s health care framework is to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission by restricting
large gatherings. COVID-19 is transferred by direct contact with one individual to another. As a result,
the transmission of respiratory diseases in any large gathering poses a considerable risk to people’s
health due to the ability to disperse any virus or infection. On the basis of earlier data for SARS and
MERS contaminations, WHO has recommended the general risks of outbreak of coronavirus with
someprudent strides, for example, keeping a strategic distance from wild and pet animals, avoiding
close contact with persons suffering from an acute respiratory ailment, regular hygiene practises
such as washing hands with cleaning agents or using hand sanitizers specifically after direct or
indirect contact with infected people, cough etiquette, etc. Many governmentshaveentirely on hold
like cultural, religious, and social activities, including international events,until the impact of COVID19
is over to avoid any kind of mass gathering or human transmission. Significant events, such as the
Olympic and other Games, have recently been postponed in order to avoid large crowds. As Per
guidelines, the primary and initial precaution to minimize the impact of coronavirus is avoiding mass
400  COVID-19 Pandemic's Impact on Health Care and the Socio-Economic System

gathering, social distancing, and hygiene, and with the above steps at the national and international
level, the strong fight again COVID19 can be done.

MEDICINE
Coronavirus outbreak is the most dangerous impact on entire humanity, leaving no region behind,
challenging the science and technology, and failing all the planning and preparedness across the
globe. Completely new in existence,researchers are even struggling after seven months of COVID19
impact and struggling to develop the cure and vaccination with certain trails. Although various
medications in different parts of the world are used to cure positive coronavirus patients,there
is no specificmedication that is available to be safe from COVID19. With the rapid increase in a
large number of cases on a daily basis, the pressure is increasing on researchers to build a stable
coronavirus vaccine, but this pressure pushes for early launch without an accurate number of trials.
Antiviral medicines, such as those used against COVID-19 in the lab, are being considered, as well as
in vivo (Rolain et al., 2007; WHO, 2020b). Wang et al current study clearly indicates that remdesivir
and chloroquine were extremely effective in controlling 2019-nCoV in vitro (Wang et al., 2020a, b).
Because SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus, any vaccinations that have shown effective against other RNA
viruses, such as polio, measles, influenza, and encephalitis B, may be the most promising alternative
(Liu et al., 2020; Lu, 2020). Scientists will keep on struggling with a significant role in understanding
the impact, outbreak, medication, and vaccination to fight against the pandemic COVID-19 outbreak.

CONTROLLING HUMAN POPULATION PROGRESSION

The adverse impact of the rise in the human population on global environmental conditions
isincreasing very rapidly,with having direct and indirect severe impacts. (IPCC, 2014; Shindell et al.,
2017). The major impacts of the human population is unsustainable development for the need and
greed of communities and individuals for gigantic economic development creating increasing sources
of contamination, for example, polluting industries and vehicles. COVID19 was initially started in
China, with the need for food dependency on various sorts of snakes, bats, birds, frogs, and other
animals due to excessive human population and need for survival, including unmanaged development
causing destruction of various natural resources.As per the reports,coronavirus was related tothe
Wuhan animal market and bats (Fan et al., 2019). With increasing demands for survival, the exceeding
population is increasing the dependency on domestic and wild animals, causing each transmission of
bacteria and pathogens from animals to humans, causing many epidemics and pandemics in the last
5 decades. For the survival of humanity, there is urgency in population control.

WORLDWIDE PROHIBITION ON WILDLIFE TRADE

The government temporarily restricted animal markets during the early phases of the coronavirus
epidemic from the Hunan seafood market in Wuhan, China; for example, bats, pangolins, and wolf
pups, among others, were kept alive in limited numbers while on sale. Studies suggest that 60% of
transferable diseases start from animals, out of which 70% are begin in wild animals. To prevent the
spread of new viruses, the wildlife trade must be monitored and restricted. Various academics have
urged various countries to make animal marketplaces and exchanges illegal at all times.These actions
would help to protect mankind against looming pandemics such as COVID-19 in the near future.
It is critical and obligatory that we fight for sustainable development, health hygiene, and organic
products while prohibiting any environmentally damaging actions.
Gagan Matta, Anjali Nayak et al. 401

CONCLUSION
From social distance to wearing protective gear and keeping a clean environment, the COVID-19
epidemic has become a part of our lives. The impact of COVID-19 on the health care system, social
and economic systems was initially severe because to a lack of preparedness, with the pandemic
exposing the true situation, limitations, and resources necessary. From the requirement of PPE kits
to ventilators, isolation wards and quarantine centers, other medical equipment, a large number of
health care facilities required as preparedness for current and future pandemics. COVID-19 has clearly
shown the impacts of crossing limits of society without thinking of the environment, future with only
greed for power and economy, today the world is not only struggling for the survival of humanity but
also severe loss in the social and economic sector also. With the continues struggle for vaccination
even after 7 months, only preventive measures are required from social distancing, use of face mask,
health hygiene, and WASH may help in minimizing the impact of COVID-19 to the entire humanity.
According to WHO President Dr. Tedros,”the global commitment to sustainable development –
enshrined in the Sustainable Development Goals – offers a unique opportunity to address the social,
economic and political determinants of health and improve the health and wellbeing of people
everywhere.”The fight against COVID-19 pandemics is very long. Now is the time to maintain health
hygiene conditions around the world, protect nature in the natural environment, and avoid the greed
for power and money that drives the urge of all life on Earth to control the source of disease, remove
the transmission path, and use current medications to proactively control disease progression. Let us
hope, as with all the world’s initial tragedies, that people will triumph over the epidemic at the proper
moment; nevertheless, they should be aware of the cutoff points to which they might push nature
before it reaches the point of no return.

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Corresponding Author Profile

Dr. Gagan Matta is working as Senior Assistant Professor in the Department of Zoology and
Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar. Currently, with the teaching
experience of 9 years and research experience of 15 years, Dr. Matta has published more than 70
research articles and edited/authored 22 books. He is awardee of many national and international
awards from various organizations and was a member of BRICS youth delegation in China in 2017.
While completing 4 research projects from DST and UGC, awarded as a Fellow of many research
bodies and accepted as a life member including the Royal Society of Chemistry, London. Major areas
of research are water quality; quality indexing, science communication; toxicology, and health hygiene.