THE COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

EXAMINATION PRACTICE 2019/20 ACADEMIC YEAR

INSTRUCTIONS

1. Answers to the questions should be fully and clearly explained.

QUESTION ONE

(a) Define carefully the following concepts

(i) The intersection between two sets.

(ii) A convergent sequence

(b) Prove that for any sets 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 we have that 𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 ) = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ) ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶 ).

(c) Assume that 𝑛 is a positive whole number. Prove that if 𝑛2 is odd then 𝑛 is odd.

(d) Show that if

∞

∑ 𝑥𝑛
𝑛=𝑘

is a convergent sequence, then it is bounded.

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 QUESTION TWO

(a) Define carefully the following concepts

(i) The direct image under a function.

(ii) The composition of two functions.

(b) Let 𝑓 be a function with domain 𝐴 and range in 𝐵 and let 𝐸, 𝐹 be subsets of 𝐴, then,

𝑓 (𝐸 ∪ 𝐹 ) = 𝑓 (𝐸 ) ∪ 𝑓 (𝐹 )

(c) Let 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 and 𝑓: 𝐵 → 𝐷 be functions then prove that if 𝑓 and 𝑔 are both one – to –
one then 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 is also one – to – one.

(d) Let 𝑓 and 𝑔 be functions. Find the compositions 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔, 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 and their domains whose
values at real number x are the real numbers given by 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥, 𝑔𝑥 = 5𝑥 2 + 7.

QUESTION THREE

(a) Define carefully the following concepts.

(i) The union of a family of sets.
(ii) A countable set.

(b) For a family {𝐴𝑖 }𝑖∈𝐼 of subsets of a set 𝑋, prove that the following
identity holds:
∁

(⋃ 𝐴𝑖 ) = ⋂ 𝐴∁𝑖
𝑖∈𝐼
𝑖∈𝐼

(c) Prove that the unit interval [0, 1] is not countable.

𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑐
(d) Let 𝑏 and be rational numbers with 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 ∈ ℤ . Show tha 𝑏 + 𝑑 and ⋅ 𝑑 are
𝑑 𝑐
rational.

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 QUESTION FOUR

(a) Define carefully the following concepts.

(i) The supremum.

(ii) A bounded sequence.

(b) State and prove the Archimedean Property.

(c) Prove that

1
→ 0 as 𝑛 → ∞.
𝑛
(d) Show that the supremum of

(𝑛 − 1)
𝑆={ : 𝑛 ∈ ℕ}
2𝑛
1
is 2.

QUESTION FIVE

(a) Define carefully the following concepts.

(i) A divergent sequence.

(ii) A Cauchy sequence.

(b) Prove that the sequence {𝑠𝑛 } given by

(−1)𝑛 𝑛 + 1
𝑠𝑛 =
2𝑛 − 1
is divergent.

(c) State and prove the Cauchy Convergence Criterion.

(d) Show that the sequence (𝑥𝑛 ) defined below satisfies the Cauchy criterion.
1
𝑥1 = 1 and 𝑥𝑛+1 = 1 + for all 𝑛 ≥ 1.
𝑥𝑛

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 QUESTION SIX

(a) Define carefully the following concepts.

(i) An infinite series.

(ii) Absolute convergent series.

(b) Let ∑ 𝑎𝑛 and ∑ 𝑏𝑛 be series with positive terms, if ∑ 𝑏𝑛 is convergent and 0 ≤ 𝑎𝑛 ≤ 𝑏𝑛

for all 𝑛 ∈ ℕ, then prove that ∑ 𝑎𝑛 is also convergent.

(c) Prove that if a series ∑ 𝑎𝑛 is absolute convergent, then the series is convergent. (That is,
absolute convergence implies convergence.)

(d) Show that the series

∞
1 + cos 𝑛
∑
3𝑛 + 2𝑛3
𝑛=1
is convergent.

QUESTION SEVEN

(a) Define carefully the following concepts

(i) A differentiable function 𝑓.

(ii) A continuous function 𝑓 using 𝜀 − 𝛿 definition.

(b) Show that if 𝑓 is differentiable at 𝑐, then 𝑓 is continuous at 𝑐.

(c) State and prove the squeeze theorem.

(d) Use the 𝜀 − 𝛿 definition to prove that 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 is continuous at 𝑥 = 3.

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END OF EXAM

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