Particulate matter

 What is Particulate Matter?

 Particulate matter is the sum of all solid and liquid particles suspended in air
many of which are hazardous.

 Particulate matter is a complex mixture includes both organic and inorganic

particles, such as dust, pollen, soot, smoke, and liquid droplets.

 The particles vary greatly in size, composition, and origin.

Particulate matters divide into two depend on their size.

• Big particulate matter 10 (𝑷𝑴𝟏𝟎 ) is defined as particulate matter with a

diameter less than or equal to 10 microns meter

• Small particulate matter 2.5 (𝑷𝑴𝟐.𝟓 ) is defined as particulate matter with

a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns meter
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 Particulate matter ….

 Each type of particle is made of different material and comes

from different places.

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 Particulate matter ….

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 Particulates mattes……

 In air pollution control engineering, the concentrations of particulates

mattes expressed in terms of:

 Mass per unit volume ratio, such as μg/m3 (micrograms per cubic meter), or

 Pure volumetric ratio (i.e., volumes of contaminant per million volumes of

air)

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 Particulate matter control equipment

 Gravitational settling chambers

 Cyclone separators
 Fabrics filters
 Wet/dry Scrubbers
 Electrostatic precipitators
 Particulate matter control equipment….

The choice of particulate collection devices depends on:

 The physico-chemical characteristics of pollutants

 Particle size distribution in flue gases

 Volume of particles to be removed

 Humidity and temperature of gaseous media

 Toxicity and flammability of flue gases

 Efficiency of a separating device

𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒈𝒂𝒔

ɳ= *100
𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚
 Uint five

Unit Five: Settling chamber

5.1 Principle and theory

5.2 Design and operation

5.3 Performance Evaluation

5.4 Application
 Gravitational settling chamber

Introduction
o Used to remove particles with size greater than 50 μ𝑚.

o Velocity of flue gas reduced with in large chamber.

o Particles settle under gravitational force.

o Particulate matter collected at the bottom of the chamber in

the dust hoppers.

o The chamber is cleaned manually to dispose the waste.

Gravitational settling chamber

Settling chamber
 Gravity settling chamber with trays

Settling chamber with trays

 Gravitational settling chamber
Design Parameters:- Retention time

𝐻 𝐿
t= = ………………(1)
𝑣𝑡 𝑉𝐻
Where, t= Retention time
H= height of settling chamber
L = Length of settling chamber
𝑉𝑡 = Velocity of settling
𝑉𝐻 = velocity of flow
 Gravitational settling chamber

From equation (1) Settling velocity may be given by

𝑽𝑯 ∗𝑯 𝑸
𝑽𝒕 = = ……………………………………………(2)
𝑳 𝑳∗𝑾
W= width of chamber
(As Q = area of inlet * velocity = W*H*𝑉𝐻 )
For The terminal velocity is given by
𝒈𝒅𝒑𝟐 𝝆𝒑
𝑽𝒕 = …………………………………………………(3)
𝟏𝟖𝝁
Equating equations 2 and 3,
𝑉𝐻 ∗𝐻 𝒈𝒅𝒑𝟐 .𝝆𝒑
= …………………………………………….(4)
𝐿 𝟏𝟖𝝁
 Gravitational settling chamber

Therefore, we get,
18μ∗𝐻 ∗𝑉𝐻
dp min = ………………………(5)
𝑔∗𝐿∗ρ𝑝
 Gravitational settling chamber
o Settling chamber with trays

If, n = number of trays, then equation 5 becomes

18.μ𝐻 𝑉𝐻
dp min =
𝑛.𝑔.𝐿.ρ𝑝
…………………….(6)
 Gravitational settling chamber

Advantages
1. Low initial cost
2. Simple construction
3. Low maintenance cost
4. Low pressure drop
5. Dry and continuous disposal of collected solids
6. Can be constructed of any material
7. Temperature and pressure limitations are imposed by type of
material used
Disadvantages
1. Large space requirement
2. Less collection efficiency
3. Only comparatively large particles can be collected
 Gravitational settling chamber

Applications

o Industrial application is limited

o Used widely for the removal of large solid particulates draft

furnace, kilns.

o Sometimes used in process industry, the food and

metallurgical industry

o Used for as pre-cleaners for high efficiency collectors.