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SOCIAL WELFARE, SOCIAL SERVICES AND SOCIAL WORK
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SOCIAL WORK
REVIEWER:
A COMPILATION
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Chapter
1SOCIAL
WELFARE,
SOCIAL
SERVICES AND
SOCIAL WORK
SOCIAL
WELFARE
-covers practically
everything men do
for the good of
societyDEFINITIO
N of SOCIAL
WELFARE according
to the following:
GERTRUDE
WILSON
-
She characterized
social welfare as “an
organized concern of
all people for all
people.”
 
WALTER
FRIEDLANDER
-defines it as
organized system of
social services and
institutions,
designed to aid
individuals andgroups
to attained
satisfying standard
of life and health.
ELIZABETH
WICKEDEN-
according to her
“social welfare
includes those laws,
programs, benefits
and services which
assure or strengthen
provision for
meeting social needs
recognized as basic
to the wellbeing of
the population and
thebetter
functioning of the
social order”.
 
PRECONFERENCE
WORKING
COMMITTEE FOR
THE XVTH
INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCE ON
SOCIAL WELFARE
defines
social welfare as “all
the organized social
arrangement which
have as their direct
and primary
objective the
wellbeing of
peo
ple in a
social context”.
In the forgoing
definitions
essentially we find
one idea
 –
 that social welfare
encompasses the
wellbeing of all
themembers of
human society,
including their
physical, mental,
emotional, social
economic and
spiritual wellbeing.
Society responds to
unmet needs or
problems through
the following
ways:1.
 
Individual and
Group Efforts:
these refer to
systematic and
voluntary efforts
undertaken by
individuals
and/orgroups in
response to the
unmet needs of
people in community.
 2.
 
Major Societal
Institutions
 –
 Social forces that
brings changes which
can affect the
effectiveness of
theseinstitutions in
performing their
social welfare
functions.
 3.
 
Social Agency-
 Whether under
Public or Private
auspices, a social
agency is a major
provision for helping
peoplefor their
problems.
 Two views of
Social
Welfare:Residual
Formulation-
Temporary, offered
during emergency
situations and
withdrawn when the
regular socialsystem
is gain working
properly.
Institutional Formul
ation-
Social Welfare as a
proper, legitimate
function of modern
society.
Social Welfare
Programs
categories:
1.
 
Social Security-
refers to the whole
set of compulsory
measures instituted
to protect the
individual and
hisfamily against the
consequences of
unavoidable
interruption or
serious diminution of
the earned
incomedisposable for
the maintenance of
reasonable standard
of living.
 2.
 
Personal Social
Services
 –
 refers to service
functions which have
major bearing upon
personal
problemsindividual
situation stress,
interpersonal helping
or helping people in
need, and the
provision of direct
serviceson
collaboration with
workers
from government
and voluntary
agencies.
 3.
 
Public Assistance
 –
 refers to
material/concrete
aids/supports
provided, usually by
government agencies
topeople who have no
income or means of
support for
themselves and their
families for reason
and such as loss
of employment,
natural disasters
etc. In foreign
countries, public
assistance is simply
called as “Welfare”.
 Social Services
 –
 
refers to the,
services and other
activities provided
under various
auspices, to
concretely
answerthe needs and
problems of the
members of society.
 

 Richard
M. Titmus-
sees social problems
as structural or
basically located in
the economy. “Since
we cannot name and
blame the culprits
and oblige them to
make redress, we
must either provide
social services or
allow the social costs
of
the system to lie
where they fell.” He
considers social
services as partial
compensation for
the “socially
generateddisservice
s” and “Socially
-caused diswelf 
are.”
 
Reason for
Providing Social
(Welfare)
Services:
1.
 
Humanitarian and
social Justice
Goals-
rooted in the
democratic ideal of
social justice, and is
based on thebelief
that man has the
potential to realize
himself except that
physical, social
economic,
psychological
andother factors
sometimes hinder or
prevent him from
realizing his
potential.
 2.
 
Social Control
Goal-
based on the
recognition that
needy, deprived, or
disadvantaged
groups may strike
out,individually
and/or collectively
against what they
consider to
be alienating or
offending society.
 3.
 
Economic
Development Goal-
 places priority on
those programs
designed to support
increases in
theproduction of
goods and services,
and other resources
that will contribute
to economic
development.
 SOCIAL WORK
 –
 
is the profession
which is concerned
with
man’s adjustment to
his environment:
 a person (or groups)
in
relation to a
person’s(or their)
social situation.
 
SOCIAL
FUNCTIONING-
is a result from the
performance of
person’s various
social roles in s
ociety.
 SOCIAL
FUNCTIONING
ARE CAUSED BY
ANY OF THE
FOLLOWING:a.
 
Personal
inadequacies
or sometimes
pathologies;b.
 
Situational
inadequacies; andc.
 
Both personal and
situational
inadequacies.The
US Council on
Social
Work Education has
this definition of
socia
l work:”Social work
seeks to enhance the
social functioning of
individuals, singly
and in groups, by
activities focused
upon their social
relationshipwhich
constitute the
interaction between
man and
his environment.
These activities can
be group into
threefunctions:a.
 
Restoration of
impaired capacityb.
 
Provision of
individual and social
resources
(DEVELOPMENTAL)
c.
 
Prevention of social
dysfunctionJUNE
27, 2001- The
International
Association of
Schools of Social
Work and the
International
Federation of
SocialWorkers
jointly announced
this new
International
definition of social
work which, it is
believed, is
applicable to
socialwork
practitioners and
educators in every
region and country
of the world:
“The social work
profession promotes
social change, probl
em solving in human
relationships and
empowerment
andliberation of
people to enhance
well- being. Utilizing
theories of human
behavior and social
systems, social
worksintervenes at
the points where
people interact with
their environment.
Principles of human
rights and social
justice are
fundamentals to
social work”.
 
1930- Social Work
introduced as a
systematic method
of helping people in
the field of public
welfare in
thePhilippines.Social
Work July 2014
IFSW
Social work is a
practice based
profession and an
academic discipline
that promotes social
change
anddevelopment,soci
al cohesion and the
empowerment and
liberation of people.
Principle of social
justice, human
rights,
Error! Filename not specified.

collective
responsibility and
respect for
diversities are
central to social
work. Underpinned
by theories of social
work,social sciences,
humanities and
indigenous
knowledge, social
work engages people
and structure to
address
lifechallenges and
enhances well- being.
 

CHAPTER 2THE
DEVELOPMENT
OF SOCIAL
WELFARE IN
THE
PHILIPPINES
THE PRE-
HISTORIC
PERIODSocial
Welfare work in
those times
centered on mutual
protection and
economic
survival.THE
SPANISH
PERIODThe
Spaniards brought
the teaching, to do
good to others for
the salvation of
their souls, and
which for many
yearswas the
underlying
philosophy behind
all social welfare
activities.1565
 –
 Don Miguel Lopez
de Legaspi
established the
first hospital in
Cebu for the
purpose
of attending to the
woundedand the
victims of
diseases.1882
 –
 Hospicio de San
Jose was founded
to house the aged
and orphans, the
mentally defective
and young
boysrequiring
reform, but later
limiting admission
to children
who were
discharged, later
to be adopted or
employed.1885
 –
 Asilo de San
Vicente de Paul, an
asylum for girls
was established,
offering religious
instruction,
primaryeducation,
and training in
housework in
its inmates.The
hospitals, asylums,
orphanages and
schools were
maintained using
subsidies and
grants from the
Spanishgovernment.
However, these
were not sufficient
and donations from
philanthropic
individuals were
also solicited.THE
AMERICAN
PERIOD1899
 –
 Americans
occupied
the country and
introduced a
new educational
system, new health
methods, and
religiousfreedom.19
02
 –
 The Civil
government created
an agency, the
Insular Board, to
coordinate and
supervise private
institutionsengaged
in welfare
work.February 5,
1915
 –
 The American
government created
the Public Welfare
Board with the
passage of
Legislative Act
No.2510,
essentially to
coordinate the
welfare activities
of various existing
charitable
organizations.Janua
ry 1917
 –
 The
first government
entity to operate
as a welfare
agency, and an
initial step in child
welfare services,wa
s set up.1900
 –
 Attempt was made
to alleviate the
condition of deaf
children at
the Philippine
Normal
School.1910
 –
 A school for the
deaf and blind was
organized.1905
 –
 The Philippine
chapter of the
American Red Cross
was established to
take charge of
disaster relief in
thecountry and to
administer Red
Cross funds from
the United
States.1907
 –
 La Gota de Leche
was established to
furnish child-
caring institutions
with fresh cow’s
milk from dairy
farm in
Pasay, Manila,
supervised by a
veterinarian. This
agency
later opened free
consultation clinic
for mothers.
Error! Filename not specified.

1913
 –
 Associacion de
Damas Filipinas was
organized by civic-
spirited women to
help destitute
mothers and
theirchildren.1921
 –
 Office of the
Public Welfare
Commissioner was
created. It
absorbed the
functions of the
Public Welfare
Boardwhich, while
charged with
coordinating and
intensifying the
activities of
child welfare
organizations and
agencies, wasunable
to cope with the
mounting problems
in the health field,
which
was manifested by
the high infant
mortality ratein the
second decade of
the century.1922
 –
 The Office of the
Public Welfare
Commissioner
prepared
solicitation forms
which it required
the public
todemand of any
person appealing
for donations and
charities. This was
done to protect the
public and
organizationsfrom
unscrupulous
persons collecting
funds. This
practice, however,
was not legally
sanctioned until
1933.1924
 –
 The Associated
Charities had
become independent
agency under the
supervision of the
Public
WelfareCommission
er, and was partly
financed by the
government, and
partly by private
contributions.
 –
 The Philippine
Legislature passed
a law (Philippine
Legislative Act No.
3203) relating to
the care and
custody ofneglected
and delinquent
children and
providing probation
officers for
them.1933
 –
 The administration
of social welfare in
the Philippines was
marked by
significant
developments when
FrankMurphy
became the
Governor-General.
Scholarship grants
for professional
training in
social work in the
United Stateswere
made available.
 –
 The Legislature
appropriated funds
for the operations
of government child
and maternal health
centers which
wasestablished in
every town with at
least two thousand
populations.The
economic depression
in the 1930s
created serious
economic problems.
The Associated
Charities were
unable tocope with
the number of
applicants for
relief and other
social services,
despite
appropriations made
by the Office
ofthe Public
Welfare
Commissioner,
under its director,
Dr.
Jose Fabella.Josef
a Jara Martinez
who obtained a
diploma in Social
Work in 1921,
worked for the
Public Welfare
Board where
shestarted to
introduce the
scientific approach
in social work.
The Murphy
administration’s
social welfare
programs marked
the first time the
government assumed
full
responsibility for
the relief of the
distressed due to
any cause.THE
COMMONWEALTH
PERIOD1940
 –
 The Office of the
Commissioner of
Health and Public
Welfare was
abolished and
replaced by a
Department
ofHealth and Public
Assistance Service,
which took over the
activities that used
to be performed by
the
AssociatedCharities
which, by then,
had ceased to
exist.THE
JAPANESE
OCCUPATIONSocial
Welfare activities
during the period
consisted mainly of
giving medical care
and treatment, as
well as food
andclothing, to the
wounded soldiers,
prisoners and
civilians.
 Trusted by over 1 million members

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