South Square Centre Evaluation Full

South Square Centre – Thornton, Brontes & Beyond
Evaluation Report 2023
Sally Fort
www.sallyfort.com
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
South Square Centre is a small arts, heritage, and community hub on the semi-rural outskirts of Bradford. The Grade II listed building, completed in
1832, comprises 12 terraced former cottages arranged around a courtyard, situated on the main road through the village.
Following a period of dereliction, in 1982, Thornton and Allerton Community Association Ltd was formed and pioneered the building’s restoration in
partnership with Bradford Metropolitan District Council and the Manpower Services Commission. 30 unemployed people and graduates from Bradford
College came together with funding from Manpower Services to transform the building, knocking through the cottages to form bigger room for
galleries and community spaces. The building had been saved for the community. But nearly forty years later, despite still housing artist studios and a
community programme, the building was cold, leaking, physically inaccessible. Bradford Council could no longer afford to keep the site running and its
future looked bleak. The local arts and community scenes pulled together to successfully establish one of the country’s first cultural community asset
transfers, and the centre was once again saved for the local community. With a long-term lease now in place, the South Square Centre team were able
to consult with local residents, creatives, and partner organisations to think about the future of the building.
In November 2019, the team submitted a funding application to National Lottery Heritage Trust (then the Heritage Lottery Fund) to renovate the
building, making it weatherproof, more environmentally friendly, and rejuvenate the cultural and community programme at its heart. In March 2022, the
National Lottery Heritage Fund confirmed around half a million pounds for the capital works (a new roof, insulation, nearly 100 new windows, and
updated heating, better wayfinding and accessibility, and a new garden area) and local engagement around the history of the centre and local area.
The impact of Covid

The funding announcement coincided with a national lockdown due to the pandemic. The building closure for renovations and community outreach
plans were already in place, but restrictions and furloughs caused delays and adjustments. Trying to meet with architects, planners, contractors, and
designers became challenging. The outreach activities had to be quickly reassessed due to changing rules and ethical considerations. The situation
was unfamiliar and uncertain for both the South Square team and the local community. Supporting wellbeing was a key goal, but the most vulnerable
individuals were affected by the lockdown, making it harder to rethink the plans. Nonetheless, the team adapted swiftly, utilizing digital downloads,
Zoom workshops, and art activity kits sent with artist facilitation or interactive artwork to engage with the community.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3
THE PROJECT IN THE WORDS OF THOSE INVOLVED
TENANT “Improved toilets and the building work have PROJECT PARTICIPANT “I haven't SCHOOL PUPIL “I
meant that visitors experience a warmer environment done paint by numbers since I was a was surprised we live
with better facilities. The garden has made a big child. I think I will take (The Bell Chapel) in the place of the
difference in footfall generally and is a new and popular one to the spot where the image was Brontë’s birthplace. I
attraction especially given people's on/off concerns taken and paint it whilst I am outside want to go and see
about being in enclosed spaces following the there so I can get a feeling for the the blue plaque now.”
pandemic”. space, the light, and shadows.”
STAFF “We can be more responsive and say yes to ROSE COTTAGE CARE HOME “The residents loved the
community requests more now whereas before we didn’t workshop pack that was delivered from South Square. We
have the staff time because we were so busy trying to fix sat down with them on an afternoon and played Christmas
problems with the building. And it’s changed what we think music whilst we did the activities. They really love the
about heritage. It’s easy for us to think about and build into activities which South Square bring, it lifts their mood.
everything we do, where before it seemed an extra thing that We've enjoyed seeing people coming round to look at the
didn’t always fit with our approach.” windows, it makes us feel part of the community.”
AUDIENCE “The building has been TRUSTEE “Eventually activity would have filtered away. The building wasn’t fit for
beautifully uplifted and not purpose. The continual ongoing costs were sticking plasters, we were firefighting.
drastically changed. lovely garden After the building works, tenants smile more, there’s a real buzz, it’s uplifting, the
area. Community threads exhibition whole building is much nicer. It’s more social. And we have less tenant turnover now.
shows a brilliant range of The building covers its own costs. We’ve been able to build the reserves needed,
techniques and responses. Great start planning not just reacting. We’ve been able to make a 5-year building
idea to use archive material!” management and maintenance plan. People want to invest in South Square now”.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4
WHO HAS BEEN INVOLVED?
The word audiences below includes everyone South Square engages with: visitors, participants, volunteers, and trainees.
• Ages 50-70 are most frequently involved with South Square, together
comprising half of all audiences. (In Thornton or Bradford these ages make up
around a quarter of the population; with more people aged 20-29 than South
Square).
• Over a fifth (21%) of audiences are living with a disability or health condition
that affects their daily life (compared with around 18% in Thornton or Bradford).
• 85% are coming back to South Square from before and 15% are new
audiences. (About the same as the 2019 baseline BUT within new audiences, more
people had heard of it than was the case in 2019, showing the rising
awareness).
• Audiences are more local. Thornton and Allerton residents (mostly Thornton)
make up over half (56%) of audiences, an increase of 8% from 2019. 30% come
from other parts of Bradford, and 11% from other parts of Yorkshire. Overall, there is
a small increase in the percentage of audiences living in Bradford or wider
Yorkshire than was the case in 2019.
• Audiences are mostly female, accounting for 79%. 2% identify as non-binary, and
19% male.
• 90% of the audience are white. Most ethnic backgrounds are about the same in
South Square audiences as the rest of Thornton and Bradford. However, the
difference in South Asian audiences is very noticeable since they account for
around 30% in Thornton or Bradford, and only 1% at South Square.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5
IMPACT IN NUMBERS
HERITAGE CARE
ENGAGEMENT
• 1 South Square archive now organised and catalogued.
• 1 new roof, around 100 windows, 1 new building wide • 214 Volunteers trained in oral history
insulation and heating system, and all toilets updated. interviewing, lime mortar usage, exhibition
• 1 new building management and maintenance plan development, workshop production and
created. delivery, and organisational development
• 8 new oral history interviews submitted to West Yorkshire including trustees.
Archive. • 31,274 people have visited South Square
• 1 local history archive opened up through artist Centre in the past 12 months, an increase of
interpretation and inclusion in exhibitions programme. 45% on the visitor numbers before the
• 1 blue plaque installed celebrating the birthplace of the funding.
Brontës. • Over 3200 people have attended 75 special
• 1 permanent public artwork celebrating the Thornton events.
viaduct. • Over 2200 people participated in 95
• Local area’s heritage celebrated in new public artworks, activities on site, online and out in the
annual events, outreach kits, maps and trails, exhibitions, community.
and digital resources / broadcasts. • Over 300 pupils and students from schools,
• Permanent documentation of the project and capital colleges, and universities.
development online. • 3 trainees all moved onto full time education or

employment.
• Heritage now embedded into the arts practice and
displays at South Square Centre.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6
OUTCOMES FOR PEOPLE
✓ IMPROVED WELLBEING People were surprised by the levels of calm, enjoyment, achievement and uplift they felt with South
Square. New learning and feeling more connected to the local community increased significantly, and for volunteers – giving back
to their local community helped them feeling valued and valuable. In lockdown, South Square genuinely helped reduce isolation
especially for older people but also across the whole community. Audiences expressed gratitude and appreciation for other
participants, South Square staff, and their wider community.
✓ INCREASED KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING People have learned especially about the Brontë Sisters; the history of the
South Square Centre’s 1830s origins and Thornton’s Victorian viaduct.
✓ NEW SKILLS: Students, trainees and volunteers have learned about producing events and exhibitions. Audiences and pupils have
learned new creative ways to understand and interpret heritage through photography, art, collage, weaving, printmaking,
gardening, pottery to name a few. Staff and volunteers have learned how to conduct oral histories and work with limestone
mortar to help preserve historic buildings.
✓ NEW PERSPECTIVES: People’s assumptions changed about what South Square is, does and its role in the community; they
have realised they can do more than they thought, especially regarding creative expression, and for trainees – in work based
development. Some were inspired to slow down and pay more attention to buildings or in nature. Pupils saw their village
differently by knowing about its historical significance. Locals have a more positive outlook on their local community, having
seen so many examples of people helping and supporting one another. People were genuinely touched and surprised by the
care, attention to detail, spirit of the team (staff, volunteers, and artists) and quality of materials and activities offered.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7
OUTCOMES FOR HERITAGE
✓ A VITAL COMMUNITY HUB: The historic building has now been saved, is in a good condition and is sustained for the future as a
result of this funding. A new roof, new heating, new windows, and new insulation have made it weatherproof, a better hub for the
community, provided more opportunities for local businesses including flexible outdoor options during lockdown, more accessible, more
well known, and more loved by the local community. A five year building management and maintenance plan now exists.
✓ INCREASED INVESTMENT: A further £600,000+ was raised as a result of securing the National Lottery Heritage Fund investment,
further improving windows, toilets, and disabled access.
✓ MORE APPRECIATION FOR HERITAGE: Heritage is now embedded into the creative programme for the community. People now
know South Square exists, they understand the value of its history, they know about the village’s unique position as birth place of the Brontë
sisters, they have discovered Thornton’s historic 20-arch viaduct, and explored previously unknown old parts of Thornton. Activities,
approaches, and relationships tested out in this period are all continuing beyond the lifetime of this grant.
✓ BETTER ARCHIVE ACCESS AND INTERPRETATION: Weatherproofing has improved environmental conditions for the on-site archive.
The archive is now more open to interest from / collaboration with the wider public. Commissioned artists now frequently make use of
the archive for reference and inspiration, and the archive’s collection is regularly interpreted and shared within South Square’s
exhibitions programme and online / digital resources.
✓ NEW STORIES HAVE BEEN COLLECTED: Oral histories from people who lived at South Square when it was residential have now been
added to the archive, shared through exhibitions, and are permanently available on the website and external sound sharing platforms.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8
OUTCOMES FOR THE COMMUNITY
✓ BETTER SUSTAINABILITY: Gas consumption has almost halved1 with weatherproofing and heating updates making the centre less
damaging to the environment, and more financially viable for the future. Staff have more time to plan rather than react.
✓ STRONGER PROFILE: The profile of South Square Centre has been raised in local people and the cultural sector alike.
Relationships have been strengthened between South Square Centre and local schools, colleges, community organisations, care homes and
sheltered living spaces, the on-site archive association, their commercial tenants, and other local stakeholders. More local people are now
aware of the centre and repeat visits are increasing. The capital work and inventive programme has led the organisation being invited
to be part of other partnerships, including a Bradford wide cultural consortia, attracting further investment, and future opportunities. The
creativity displayed in interpreting local historical links has caught the attention of the regional TV news who came to film on site.
✓ BETTER ACCESS: Spaces around South Square are more accessible for wheelchair users. Rearranged internal layout and new outside
spaces mean public areas are easier to get to and can accommodate higher numbers of visitors. Staff have new understanding of
neurodivergence and how to adapt exhibitions accordingly.
✓ BETTER LOCAL ECONOMY: Tenants are seeing increased footfall and more consistent attendances. Turnover of tenants is much
lower, there is a waiting list for studios, and tenants are spending more time in their studios. The café is open more and more regular hours.
The building now covers its own costs, and the organisation has been able to build a healthy level of reserves.
✓ SUCCESSFUL CAREER PATHWAYS. Three trainees completed paid placements, and all went on to full time employment or
education.
✓ IMPROVED COMMUNITY: Locals feel prouder about living in Thornton, or more interested in visiting from other parts of Bradford.
They feel more part of a community, more connected to other people, appreciate South Square’s roots and community
contributions more and have a better awareness of the village’s Brontë links.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Develop a strategy and action plan to diversify audiences, especially appealing to South Asian, male, and younger adults.
More work needs doing to ensure the diversity of local people is better represented at South Square. Lockdown and covid has changed the
dynamics of who is doing what in terms of people ‘consuming’ leisure and culture so achieving greater diversity over this period was perhaps
unrealistic, understandably, and couldn’t have been foreseen. Now that people are starting to get back to their lives, there is a better
opportunity to develop this area of work. South Square is not alone in this challenge, as cultural organisations all over Bradford are also trying
to better appeal to their South Asian populations. South Square has just appointed a new project co-ordinator with South Asian heritage and is
in the process of diversifying their board. Along with the new partnership with Kala Sangam this looks this should hopefully start to improve
representation and engagement in the coming months and years.
As well as South Asian representation, South Square also needs to be more relevant to men and adults in their 20s. So much good work has
been done around wellbeing and supporting older people that a large percentage of audiences are older white women, ages 50+. This work
should continue, especially with the ageing population. But more also needs to be done to appeal to men. The wellbeing connection could be
an important route into this, with so much need around men’s mental health. People in their 20s are the least represented in South Square’s
adult audiences – they comprise 6% of the audience, yet account for 12% of local people in Thornton and Bradford. Creating a public
programme in partnership with the bar could work well for this. More courtyard events like the Titanic partnership with Bradford students would
also work well.
2. Check if more improvements can be made for wayfinding around the building.
A small number of comments suggest a few improvements could make all areas as welcoming and accessible as most of South Square now is.
Especially look at routes from around the outside of the building to the toilets in the courtyard – how well signposted, well lit, or safe is this
route at all times of day and evening and throughout the seasons? And how instinctive and clear are routes to the upstairs gallery now for new
visitors?
RECOMMENDATIONS 10
EVALUATION REPORT
EVALUATION REPORT
RECOMMENDATIONS 11
CONTENTS
ABOUT THE PROJECT .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
AUDIENCES & PARTICIPANTS OF THE PROJECT.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 15
OUTCOMES FOR PEOPLE ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
IMPROVED WELLBEING ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 17
INCREASED KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING AND SKILLS ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
NEW PERSPECTIVES ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
FOLLOW-ON IMPACT ON AUDIENCES .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 28
OUTCOMES FOR HERITAGE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 30
A VITAL COMMUNITY HUB ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
MORE APPRECIATION FOR HERITAGE: ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
BETTER ACCESS TO AND INTERPRETATION OF LOCAL HISTORY ....................................................................................................................................................................... 35
NEW STORIES HAVE BEEN COLLECTED ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36
OUTCOMES FOR COMMUNITIES .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 37
A MORE ACCESSIBLE, SUSTAINABLE, HIGHER PROFILE HUB FOR THE COMMUNITY ............................................................................................................................. 37
BETTER LOCAL ECONOMY .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 39
SUCCESSFUL CAREER PATHWAYS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42
IMPROVED COMMUNITY .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 44
CHALLENGES & LEARNING ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 45
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 47
CONTENTS 12
ABOUT THE PROJECT
A separate Appendix is available, showing all statistical data available, and summaries of qualitative data, on which this report is based.
BACKGROUND: Following years of ‘making do’ with a run-down building, South Square set about transferring the building from local authority
ownership to a charitable trust for the community. Finalising that process paved the way for a major investment designed to make the building fit for
purpose and bring it back to life for the village. As a former courtyard of terraced workers cottages, the site was much loved but let in the weather and
had limited accessibility. It was mainly used by small businesses including artists and creative industry professionals as studio space, with a small bar,
café, and a few small cultural and wellbeing service providers such as a yoga teacher and the local history archive. Exhibition, workshop, and meeting
spaces were also part of the layout. Access and wayfinding round the building was difficult with many areas restricted, especially due to physical
barriers.
A large capital and engagement grant from National Lottery Heritage Fund was invested, to bring the building up to date, make it weather proof, create
a better home for local businesses, offer more community opportunities, celebrate local heritage, conserve local history, and contribute to Thornton’s
value as a place to live, work and visit.
Closure of the building was necessary to make the carry out building work, and the plan had been to deliver outreach and online engagement work
during that time, leading to a vibrant local programme once reopened. The closure coincided with covid and lockdown. Like other organisations and
projects, the team were quick to try and pivot, though with ever changing rules about who could and couldn’t work or meet, in differing numbers and
scenarios, finding ways to deliver as intended took time to figure out.
FIRST PHASE: Despite the challenges to the building contractors, and the limits and uncertainty local communities were facing, South Square set
in motion a rolling programme of events that matched the possibilities as they arose. During this time, the team worked hard to:
• Set artists and practitioners up to be able to deliver activities online.
• Promoted online activities, including tutorials, workshops, discussion groups and downloads.
• Commissioned artists to work out in safe, open spaces around the community, including by windows and in the grounds of local care homes,
for older people who were isolated even from each other, as well as the wider community.
• Commission cultural activity kits featuring local landmarks, to send out to families and older people, complete with templates, materials, and
instructions. All kits were specially commissioned in partnership with artists, to feature different elements of the village’s heritage.
• Share artwork in windows, at South Square and throughout Thornton, in the Winter Windows trails where people could wander the area seeing
uplifting displays created by South Square, artists and local residents.
ABOUT THE PROJECT 13

• Develop other alternative exhibitions, such as huge collages on banners high on scaffolding, shielding the building during the capital work.
• Share regular updates online about the building work, including a video tour of the inside of the old roof.
• Develop some volunteering and training opportunities, working remotely.
• Collect stories about the building’s heritage, especially from people who had lived there when it was still cottages; and from the college who
originally saved it from demolition in the 1980s and turned it into an arts centre.
SECOND PHASE: After the main weatherproofing work, came changes to layout and usage. Access to the courtyard was cleaned and improved with
painted railings and a new ramp. A new garden area was set up, including covered space, tables, chairs, wildlife areas, planting beds, artwork, and the
licenses needed to host different events. The upgraded courtyard and garden provided much needed opportunities for the tenants to continue
operating when only outdoor gatherings were permitted due to covid. Internal layouts were changed, making the café, exhibitions, and workshop /
meeting spaces more accessible. Extra funding was secured to further upgrade the toilets, making them more accessible. During this time online
engagement and outreach activity continued. As covid restrictions eased, events were held outdoors in the courtyard and garden, then small
gatherings inside exhibition and workshop spaces, as the building and fit-out work neared completion. Volunteers and trainees were more able to
come back on board, supporting and developing their contributions and adding capacity to the organisation.
THIRD PHASE: Finally, the building was able to open back up to its full potential with a rolling programme of exhibitions, open days, and launch
events, social, wellbeing and cultural activity, and completed spaces for the local tenant businesses. The building officially re-opened, after some soft
launch and trials, in June 2022. Online activities made way for more onsite activity and face to face outreach work. Some late snagging repairs were
carried out, including weatherproofing areas which had not been identified in the original surveys and plans.
ABOUT THE PROJECT 14

AUDIENCES & PARTICIPANTS OF THE PROJECT
The word audiences below includes everyone South Square engages with: visitors, participants, volunteers, and trainees.
• 31,274 people visited South Square Centre in the past 12 months, an increase of 45% on visitor numbers before the project.
• Over 3200 people attended 75 special events.
• Over 2200 people participated in 95 activities on site, online and out in the community.
• Over 300 pupils and students from schools, colleges, and universities joined in the programme.
• 214 Volunteers trained in oral history interviewing, lime mortar usage, exhibition development, workshop production and delivery,
and organisational development.
• 3 trainees, who have all moved onto full-time education or employment.
• Ages 50-70 are most frequently involved with South Square, comprising half of all audiences. (In Thornton or Bradford these
ages make up around a quarter of the population; with more people aged 20-29 than South Square).
• Over a fifth (21%) of audiences are living with a disability or health condition that affects their daily life (compared with
around 18% in Thornton or Bradford).
• 85% are coming back to South Square from before and 15% are new audiences. (About the same as the 2019 baseline BUT
within new audiences, more people had heard of it than was the case in 2019, showing the rising awareness).
• Audiences are more local. Thornton and Allerton residents (mostly Thornton) make up over half (56%) of audiences, an increase
of 8% from 2019. 30% come from other parts of Bradford, and 11% from other parts of Yorkshire. Overall, there is a small increase
in the percentage of audiences living in Bradford or wider Yorkshire than was the case in 2019.
• Audiences are mostly female, accounting for 79%. 2% identify as non-binary, and 19% male.
• 90% of the audience are white. Most ethnic backgrounds are about the same in South Square audiences as the rest of Thornton
and Bradford. However, the difference in South Asian audiences is very noticeable since they account for around 30% in
Thornton or Bradford, and only 1% at South Square.
AUDIENCES & PARTICIPANTS OF THE PROJECT 15

AGE HAVE YOU BEEN TO SOUTH SQUARE BEFORE?
26% 27%
15% 58%
13%
6% 7% 26%
3% 4%
9% 6%
0-12 13-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70+ No, but I had heard No, I'd never heard Yes, but not for a Yes, relatively
of it of it before this long time recently
DAILY DISABILITY / CONDITION

80% ETHNICITY
88%
20%
No Yes
1% 2% 3% 2% 2% 2%
GENDER
81% Asian / Black / Mixed / Or in your Other Other White White
Asian African / Multiple own words: ethnicity British
16% British Caribbean / Ethnicity
2% 1% Black
British
Female Male Non-binary / Or in your own
gender fluid words
AUDIENCES & PARTICIPANTS OF THE PROJECT 16

OUTCOMES FOR PEOPLE
IMPROVED WELLBEING
We used NEF’s 5 Ways to Wellbeing1 as the basis for indicators of how activity affected people. These are: I am curious & take notice of things; I learn
about new things; I feel connected to other people; I am physically active; I am active in giving back to something. We added a 6th statement which
was also important to this project: I am proud of the place I live.
• Across the programme, wellbeing increased by 7% when joining South Square activity, compared to otherwise everyday life.
• The strongest increase was for those taking part in projects, and their feeling more connected to other people increased by 24%.
• Feeling more connected to others was the strongest outcome for everyone, increasing by an average of 17%.
• Learning about new things was the second highest outcome, increasing by an average of 11% across everyone involved.
• Pride in where people live increased by 8%
• Being curious and taking notice by 5%
• The only outcome not increased across the board was in being active, though volunteers, and to a very small extent project
participants, did see increases here.
• Volunteers’ strongest outcome, perhaps unsurprisingly, was in giving something back – which increased by 15%
Wellbeing for the community shapes everything about the way South Square works and this was very
clearly reflected across feedback from all areas: visitors, projects, pupils and students, volunteers,
and trainees. Mindful May, and the work with local care homes stand out as examples of this:
Mindful May: “I learned to give time back to myself. I feel much more relaxed. I hope to put more
time aside for me now.” In year one of this project’s activities, Mindful May was part of the first
batch of online sessions, much needed, and with a wide range of content, from yoga to knitting,
baking, weaving, sketching, and gardening. By year two, face to face events were starting to build
again, and across the 2021 and 2022 Mindful May visitors enjoyed yoga, meditation, dance,
gardening, music, and making cyanotypes. Local heritage was a theme wherever possible.
1
https://neweconomics.org/2008/10/five-ways-to-wellbeing
OUTCOMES FOR PEOPLE 17
Rose Cottage: South Square held a series of outdoor performances, from the Rose
Cottage garden. On Wednesdays in the warmer months of 2020 and 2021, residents got
ready in the conservatory to see the visiting musician or performer, follow dance and
movement sessions, or join Heritage Activity Assistant Chloe for a reminiscence session
all about ‘The Traditional Sweet Shop’ - a sensory stroll back in time to Thornton’s sweet
shops. Rose Cottage also hosted artists sessions to create window displays for
Remembrance Day and Thornton’s Winter Windows Festival.
Rajal Karavdra - Rose Cottage Owner reflects, “It's making an enormous difference to the
residents. They're really enjoying seeing and interacting with people from outside the
home. They love sessions where they are asked questions like the session about the
sweet shop and bird sessions. The residents loved the workshop pack that was delivered.
They were easy to use and a great winter activity. We can see that lots of effort has gone
into preparing them. We put music on while we did the activities. We've enjoyed seeing
people coming round to look at the windows, it makes us feel part of the community. The
variety was really enjoyable. South Square Centre have been very organised, being
prepared for incremental weather etc. It brings all the group together to interact with one
another. They're becoming more vocal, improving their body language, and supporting
each other. ‘M’ 'Is normally weepy and quiet suffers from low moods and anxiety. Each
week she comes to life during the sessions. She's the first to get up and dance, the smile
which comes across her face - she's tapping to the music with her feet and hands and
smiling. It’s has made such a difference to her. Last week we got them up dancing and ‘I’
held ‘M’s hand, this is something which is not normal for them. These sessions are also
important as they take the pressure of the staff and the home, in the vision of
entertainment and activity and stimulation. Especially during the pandemic where staff
have to wear masks all day and adhere to extra procedures”.

AUDIENCE WELLBEING: Over 300 comments from audiences revealed an overwhelmingly positive response to the experiences and events.
Audiences mentioned a wide range of positive emotions, such as happiness, joy, satisfaction, and relaxation. They
described activities as comfortable and friendly with a welcoming atmosphere where they felt included and
connected to others. There is a strong sense of gratitude and appreciation for the opportunities provided, where
people felt thankful and privileged to be part of the events. Experiences are described as inspiring, motivating,
and fulfilling, with people expressing curiosity and a desire for learning. The community aspect is emphasized, as
people felt a sense of belonging and pride in being part of their community. Interactions and support from others
added to this experience. People appreciated the efforts of the organizers, facilitators, and the creativity and
dedication put into creating engaging and enjoyable experiences. Overall, audiences gave highly positive
responses, expressing happiness, satisfaction, inspiration, and a sense of belonging.
WELLBEING IN PROJECTS: The overwhelming theme that emerged from participants' reflections was a
profound sense of community. They felt proud and connected to others, finding joy in being part of something
bigger. South Square, with its vibrant community atmosphere, garnered much appreciation. Participants
expressed gratitude for the bustling activities and events that catered to the community's needs. This strong
sense of community fostered a feeling of belonging and camaraderie among the participants. The second
prevalent theme was the enjoyment and engagement participants experienced throughout the project. Many
found themselves pleasantly surprised by how much they loved the experience. They eagerly looked forward to each session, excited and inspired by
the opportunity to try new things. The textile artwork, in particular, captured their interest, and they relished the chance to explore their creativity.
Projects allowed participants to engage with their passions and dedicate time to something they immensely enjoyed. Activities fostered a positive and
lively atmosphere, creating lasting memories and facilitating fun and laughter. Participants reflected on the personal growth and introspection they
experienced, finding solace and relaxation in the therapeutic nature of painting, using it to escape worries and find comfort. The process of creating
art allowed them to explore their emotions, find peace and concentration, and discover new aspects of themselves. Some participants mentioned how
a project evoked nostalgia and transported them back to cherished memories, bringing them happiness and a renewed sense of self. Another
recurring theme was appreciation for the supportive and friendly environment created by the project and fellow participants. Anji Timlin was
highlighted as an exemplary tutor who instilled confidence, made complex concepts accessible, and celebrated the achievements of her members. The
presence of such a welcoming and encouraging community fostered a strong sense of pride and a desire to collaborate. Participants felt inspired and
motivated by the positive interactions and friendship they encountered throughout the project.
WELLBEING IN EDUCATION: Pupils’ and students’ comments also reflect a wide range of positive
experiences. Many expressed excitement, happiness, and interest in learning more. They were eager to
explore new techniques, particularly in watching cyanotypes develop and experimenting with different
materials. The process was seen as educational and relevant to their artistic practice, and sparked curiosity
and intrigue. Participants found it fun and enjoyable, with some describing activity as relaxing and peaceful.
They felt freedom and joy in being able to express their creativity and experiment with shapes and colors. The
project offered a break from the usual routine, allowing them to engage in different forms of artistic
expression. The opportunity to work on a project that would be displayed outside of school brought about
excitement and a feeling of pride. Participants were happy and enthusiastic about sharing their artwork with
others. The sense of accomplishment and potential recognition from entering a competition added to the
positive experience. Additionally, the project had an impact on participants' perception of art and their own
artistic abilities. It challenged some preconceived notions and showed that art can be engaging and
enjoyable. Some participants were pleasantly surprised to discover their own creativity and talent, while others
felt that their skills were better than they had initially thought. While most of the comments expressed positive
sentiments, there were a few mentions of negative aspects. These included feelings of boredom, confusion,
disappointment, and frustration. However, these were few and did not overshadow the positive tone of the
feedback.

INCREASED KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING AND SKILLS
People described what they had learned:
“I learned about South Square Art Gallery and that you could do
anything by trying. Another thing I learned was the history of Thornton
and the community arts.” … “I learned Thornton has a viaduct” … “I
found out what blue plaques are for and that the Brontë sisters are
very popular in Thornton” … “I learned more about the Brontë s” …
“About Daguerre and how he invents of photography was inspired by
previous processes” … “I found out we have a variety of creative talent
in the community” … “How old south square really is and the fact it was
originally 12 houses.” … “That Thornton has more than meets the eye”
… “Things don't have to be perfect. It will turn out ok” … “Technical
things actually - Prop making, displaying photos. Enjoyed old
photos/films - differences between then and now” … “I have done
embroidery before but have never tried embroidering over
photographs to enhance them.” … “lots of new skills and ways of
looking at the environment” …
Audiences expressed interest, enjoyment, and satisfaction in various activities and workshops. They enjoyed the sense of community and connection
with others, and the chance to explore their creativity and learn new skills. They also appreciated the history and heritage of the area, and the efforts
put into renovating and maintaining community spaces. Their feedback showed an emphasis on self-improvement, personal growth, and self-care.
While a few comments indicate some initial difficulties or lack of confidence in certain areas, the overall tone remains positive and encouraging, with
an emphasis on the joy of learning, exploring, and being part of a supportive community.

• Knowledge and skills: Participants learned about a wide range of topics, including the Brontë s,
Knowledge and skill scores more
Daguerre and the invention of photography, the history of South Square and Thornton, painting than doubled from training.
techniques, lino cutting and printing, clay sculpting and pottery, embroidery techniques, weaving,
7.9 7.6
photography techniques, collage making, calligraphy, cyanotypes, and bread making. Trainees
discussed their learning about mixing and working with lime mortar, or their new found interviewing
Before this
skills, feeling that their knowledge and skill levels more than doubled. 3.2 3.2
event
• Creativity and artistic expression: Audiences discovered their creative talents, enjoyed painting, After this
drawing, collage, embroidery, weaving, and other artistic activities. They learned new techniques, event
Knowledge of Practical
explored different media, and found joy in expressing themselves through art. They were fascinated
the topic skills in the
by diverse painting techniques, landscape formation, and the use of unconventional materials. topic
Guest speakers contributed to their understanding and interest. People also found pleasure in the
planning and execution of their artistic endeavors, as well as the satisfaction from the results. Many
students and pupils learned about cyanotypes, a photographic printing process, including what it is,
the specific paper required, and how to make them using UV light. Others also learned how to use
traditional art techniques like etching. People explored the art of collage, discovering how to
combine shapes, use symmetry, and create interesting compositions. Some individuals learned
how to use risograph, a digital printing technique.
• Community and connection: Participants valued the sense of community and connectedness they
experienced and appreciated connecting with others, the community spirit in South Square, and
the opportunity to meet and socialize with like-minded people. Outreach projects especially helped
people recognise that community spirit is essential for a thriving village. Interestingly,
communication and expression featured strongly in their learning. Some expressed their learning
about how to effectively communicate their ideas verbally, while others built up their confidence in
teamwork and communication. A small number discovered new perspectives and understanding

peers' viewpoints, or felt they improved their verbal communication of ideas. In training, staff and volunteers
learned about how to ensure the building and programme can be more accessible for physical and invisible
disabilities, in particular paying attention to neurodivergence and exhibition design.
• Self-care and relaxation: Many individuals found the activities to be relaxing and a way to unwind. They
learned techniques for relaxation, mindfulness, meditation, and self-care. They also emphasized the
importance of taking time for themselves and enjoying activities they love.
• Appreciation of local knowledge, history, and heritage: Audiences and project participants gained
knowledge about the history of various subjects, including South Square, Thornton, medicine, photography,
and local heritage. They appreciated learning about the past, historical techniques, and the significance of
preserving heritage. The exploration of new routes and unfamiliar areas within Thornton was also mentioned,
discovering the Brontë connections, the viaduct, and cobbled streets as well as unusual local histories like
‘the maggot king’ - indicating a newfound appreciation for their surroundings. Pupils and students made
multiple references to the Brontë sisters, with people discovering who they were, their achievements, and the
fact that they pretended to be boys to gain fame. Some participants learned about blue plaques, their
purpose, and their association with specific locations or historical figures. They also gained knowledge about
South Square, including its history and local significance in the community now. South Square was a new
discovery to many pupils and students, who were interested in learning more about how arts can support and
reflect the community.
• Personal growth and self-discovery: People gained confidence, learned to embrace their creativity, and
found joy in trying new things. They learned the value of patience, perseverance, and the acceptance of
imperfection. The importance of mindfulness and self-awareness was highlighted, as individuals recognized
the need to be mindful of themselves and others. They acknowledged that learning extends beyond specific
subjects, emphasizing personal growth and reflection. Students and pupils also recognised some of these
qualities. They expressed learning about the freedom of artistic expression, the limitless possibilities of art,
the importance of imagination and creativity, and how to effectively communicate their ideas verbally. They
also learned that art helped them feel calm and more focused.

• Enjoyment and fun: Many individuals expressed their enjoyment of and fun from the activities.
They appreciated the opportunity to try something new, engage in creative pursuits, and
experience the pleasure of artistic expression.
• Future Pathways: Among education groups, people learned about the atmosphere they can
expect in future jobs. Several learned how to plan and set up exhibitions, emphasizing the
importance of teamwork, communication, proper tools, and methods. There was a mention of
adapting physical exhibitions to virtual ones, highlighting the importance of digital technology.
• Mixed Feelings: Some participants expressed uncertainty or indifference regarding specific
aspects such as a few comments describing initial difficulties or lack of confidence. However, the
majority found value in the opportunity to collaborate and work alongside others, emphasizing the
enjoyment derived from shared creativity and the acquisition of new skills.

NEW PERSPECTIVES
People’s assumptions changed about what South Square is, does and its role in the community; they have realised they can do more than they
thought, especially regarding creative expression, and for trainees – in work-based development. Some were inspired to slow down and pay more
attention to buildings or in nature. Pupils saw their village differently by knowing about its historical significance. Locals have a more positive
outlook on their local community, having seen so many examples of people helping and supporting one another. People were genuinely touched
and surprised by the care, attention to detail, spirit of the team (staff, volunteers, and artists) and quality of materials and activities offered.
“It made me realise how many different stories these women have to tell.” … “I was surprised by the old techniques of embroidery used on the
handkerchief artwork” … “I found that I have noticed the world around me more, such as details in how trees are growing or their bark.” … “The
surprising thing about this project was that nearly all the old neighbours were there to participate. It was great to see them all because I thought
many have gone away like myself.” … “How accessible it was in terms of learning a brand-new skill” … “That such a lovely place existed - I had not
heard of it before” … “Fascinating information about how poor healthcare was in the past” … “How much my child was able to slow down, concentrate
and watch.” … “Stained glass is straightforward, and soldering is easier than I thought” … “The amount of work that has taken place ...and the forward
thinking / plans / projects etc that the team have planned for the future.” … “the village felt alive, and the trail took you down cobbled streets we'd
never explored before.”
As with learning, the assumptions and opinions that were challenged and changed were very varied.
• Enjoyment and satisfaction: A recurring theme is the enjoyment and satisfaction derived from the
activities. People had fun, were inspiring, and experienced relaxation. Many expressed surprise at
the small group sizes, which allowed for a more personalized and engaging experience or were
pleasantly surprised by how much they loved the experience and how quickly the time passed.
Others found the activities to be a great way to alleviate boredom over lockdown and spend their
time in a fulfilling and engaging manner. Activities provided a welcome distraction and brought a
sense of joy and fulfillment to their lives.

• Awareness and Engagement: The awareness and pride in South Square and the local community
was evident. Participants developed a heightened awareness of the world around them, paying
attention to details in nature and their surroundings. This increased awareness translated into
improved confidence and ability in their artwork. Participants found such experiences soothing and
refreshing, appreciating the opportunity to explore new skills and techniques. They learned the
value of being more adventurous and organic in their approach to their creativity.
• Local community and business involvement: Participants expressed surprise and appreciation
for the activities organized by South Square, mentioning their intention to visit the centre and
learn more about its history. The level of participation from businesses and organizations was
another pleasant surprise, demonstrating the support and involvement of the local community.
Project participants were pleasantly surprised by how many old neighbours and friends they
encountered during the project, which evoked a strong sense of nostalgia and reconnection.
• Welcoming and supportive atmosphere: The welcoming and supportive atmosphere at South
Square was a surprise for many. The instructors and guides were knowledgeable, instructive, and
encouraging, allowing participants to feel comfortable exploring their creativity. The sense of
camaraderie and teamwork was emphasized, and participants felt welcome and not overwhelmed
with the work. People showed a strong sense of gratitude for the chance to collaborate, with
participants acknowledging the willingness of others to help and support each other. Projects
brought people together, creating connection and camaraderie.
• Heritage and renovations: The renovation of South Square and the extensive work done in the
garden were surprising in their scale and impact. The presence of resident bats and the attention
to detail in features like the Brontë -esque hedgehog tunnel and bat boxes added to the charm
and uniqueness of the space. Participants were also surprised by the historical information and
stories shared, such as the gruesome aspects of past healthcare practices. They were intrigued by

the connection between South Square and the
Brontë s, famous literary figures born in
Thornton. The local history, including the
presence of a blue plaque and viaduct, added to
their appreciation.
• Creativity: In terms of the creative process,
participants expressed enjoyment and surprise
at how well their work turned out and how easy
the tasks were. The use of materials, such as the
supplied products and equipment, greatly
facilitated their creative endeavors. Activities
allowed them to explore their artistic abilities
and discover new creative talents. They were
pleased with the outcomes of their work, and,
where relevant – proud of the opportunity to
share their work with others either online, on
banners, or in exhibitions and village festivities.

FOLLOW-ON IMPACT FOR AUDIENCES
Audiences were asked what they would do as a result of their
experiences with South Square Centre and talked about a range of
impacts in response:
• Positive experiences: Participants expressed enjoyment and

satisfaction with their involvement, saying in future they wanted
to "Try come to another session," "Join in next time," "Continue
to join in this event," and "Hope to put more time aside."
• Desire for learning and exploration: Many mentioned
researching and exploring topics further, showing a desire to
deepen their knowledge and understanding. For instance,
saying they will; "Learn more/read more," "Research more of
this period," "Look into courses related," and "Look out for
other events." Some shared intentions to learn more about
specific subjects related to heritage, such as historical periods,
art concepts (e.g., dioramas), or the effects of herbalism.
• Engagement and promotion: Participants want to engage
further with South Square. They mention visiting the gallery,
attending future events, workshops, and classes, or spreading
the word, and becoming involved in the community. Some plan
to become regular visitors. Some are now to share their newly
acquired skills or knowledge with others, such as teaching
young people with additional needs or recommending South
Square to family members. This highlights the potential of
heritage to inspire and facilitate knowledge transfer and
community engagement.
• Creative aspirations: Some want to be more creative, try new crafts, and engage in artistic activities at home and at South Square Centre.
They mentioned painting, drawing, collage making, embroidery, pottery, photography as ways they want to explore and expand their skills.
Trying other art forms, techniques, and mediums at home or through further courses were also mentioned. This highlights the role of heritage
in fostering personal growth and artistic development.
• Connection to heritage: There are references to heritage and historical themes, such as visiting the Parsonage (associated with the Brontë
family), researching dioramas, exploring the health, and healing of previous generations, and celebrating women's efforts. Several comments
refer to preserving and celebrating heritage. People expressed appreciation for historical elements, encouraged investment in community
workshops, suggested promoting heritage more through publicity, and mentioned celebrating women's efforts and the contributions of
ancestors. This demonstrates an awareness of the value of preserving and honouring heritage for future generations.
• Social and community connections: Many talked about sharing their experiences with friends and family, recommending South Square
Centre, and expressing a sense of belonging and connection within the community. They want to spread the word about the centre and
encourage others to attend. They mentioned the importance of community ownership and community projects. This demonstrates the role of
heritage in building a sense of community and collective participation.
• Career Pathways and Development: Students have been inspired to continue learning art techniques they wouldn't have otherwise explored.
They expressed a desire to gain a better understanding of exhibition preparation and how to effectively display their work. Many participants
intend to research more about art techniques, photography, curating and setting up exhibitions, demonstrating a growing interest in the art
world.
• Improved Resilience: Interestingly, children and young people taking part in educational activities also show signs of longer lasting impact,
particularly regarding wellbeing. Various comments were made about being more talkative, liking people more, chatting with other students
more, feeling happier, being braver, trying harder and paying more attention to their surroundings and the environment.

OUTCOMES FOR HERITAGE
A VITAL COMMUNITY HUB
The historic building has now been saved, is in good condition, and sustained for the future.
OUTCOMES FOR HERITAGE 30

A new roof, new heating, new windows, and new insulation means the building is now weatherproof, a better hub for the community,
provided more opportunities for local businesses including flexible outdoor options during lockdown, is more accessible, more well known,
and more loved by the local community. A five year building management and maintenance plan now exists.
The works progressed in several stages.
• PHASE ONE. Firstly, scaffolding was erected around the
building, resident bats removed by skilled ecologists and
rehomed in special Brontë bat boxes, the old roofing,
pointing, and electrics removed, and the start of fire and
asbestos safety work on lower levels.
• In stage two, roof slates that could be reused were, along
with new Yorkshire stone slates where necessary. A broken
window stone lintel was replaced, and the chimneys
pointed and flaunched. In the gallery and workshop
spaces, walls were strengthened structurally, and the first
layer of rafters insulation was installed. A crack was
identified in the main gallery’s truss and scheduled for
metal plate repair at a later stage. Fire safety work
continued across the lower floor studios and the café and
various site inspections and audits were made.

• In stage three, scaffolding was removed to reveal new lime mortar
pointing on the cleaned up stonework, freshly painted window frames,
and completed chimney stacks and gutters. Heating, electrics, and
insulation were completed down one side of the building, door casings
fireproofed, the original shop front style of the end terrace restored,
and the main gallery beam strengthened and secured. Preparations
were made to mirror the work on the opposite side of the building,
discovering a floor to ceiling crack in the wall in the process. Fire
protection in the lower ground floor, which was not part of the original
plans, was upgraded, as per the local authority’s building regulations
advice. New plans also started for work to improve the new garden at
the back of the building.
• At stage four, all the external works were completed, and the
scaffolding removed to reveal the fully repointed building, which staff
and volunteers contributed to as a result of their lime stone mortar
training. The courtyard area was cleared, and the iron railings
refreshed by volunteers. Internal fittings took slightly longer than
anticipated due to problems finding the right materials, but this had no
major impact on deadlines. Landscaping in the garden began, to make
way for a covered gazebo area, lighting, seating, and planting areas.

• PHASE TWO. As a result of the improvements, South Square was able to secure a
further £600,000+ to improve windows, toilets, and disabled access, which supported
the installation of secondary glazing for 97 sash windows. Toilets were updated and
reconfigured to include an accessible toilet and baby change facilities. Importantly, a
much needed new stone ramp was added to courtyard access. Along with relocating the
gallery on the ground floor, this means the public areas of the building (toilets, gallery,
café, bar) are all now accessible by wheelchair.

MORE APPRECIATION FOR HERITAGE:
“Such a brilliant exhibition - refreshing approach to heritage and
captivating content.”
Heritage is now embedded into the creative programme for
the community. People now know South Square exists, they
understand the value of its history, they know about the village’s
unique position as birth place of the Brontë sisters, they have
discovered Thornton’s historic 20-arch viaduct and explored
previously unknown old parts of Thornton. Activities, approaches,
and relationships tested out in this period are all continuing
beyond the lifetime of this grant. Trustees report that in
conversation, people in the area now talk about the weavers’
cottages as well as the arts centre.
“I learned about what it looked like to live here in the 50s. what it
takes to renovate a building of this kind of legacy.” … " Really lovely
guides, knew lots of info, obviously very passionate about South
Square and their work.”
Visitors to exhibitions and historical tours appreciated the guides

and curators for their knowledge and passion. They found the
exhibitions interesting, creative, educational, thoughtfully curated,
and visually stunning. People enjoyed the interactive elements and
opportunities to learn about the history of the gallery and
community. The community's efforts to preserve and showcase
heritage were commended, and people expressed a desire to visit
again and see more exhibitions.

BETTER ACCESS TO AND INTERPRETATION OF LOCAL HISTORY
Weatherproofing has improved environmental conditions for the on-site archive, which is now more open to interest from / collaboration with the
wider public. Commissioned artists now frequently make use of the archive for reference and inspiration, and the archive’s collection is regularly
interpreted and shared within South Square’s exhibitions programme and online / digital resources. The local area’s heritage features just as
strongly in the programme.
SHAPING THORNTON. South Square Centre worked with Year 7 pupils at Beckfoot
Thornton on a unique art project inspired by local heritage, with artist collective Open to the
Public. They designed a remote project for students to engage with local heritage, providing
activity booklets featuring shapes and patterns inspired by local architecture and images
from the Thornton Antiquarians Society archive at South Square Centre. Images were
chosen to represent heritage themes including the local viaduct, the William Morris stained
glass window at the local church and the Bronte birthplace. Students took part in sessions
at school, where artists ‘visited’ their classrooms digitally to tell them about the project. 270
pupils submitted collages made up of the shapes and patterns drawn from images in the
Thornton Antiquarians Archive. 12 designs were chosen to be featured in the colourful
banners around the building’s scaffolding during the building works.
THORNTON BY POST was a series of co-produced magazines aimed at Thornton’s elderly

population, based on aspects of Thornton’s heritage. Each magazine was delivered around the
community, with basic collage and art materials and images from Thornton Antiquarian Society
Archive. Responses were collected in the form of stories and poetry to be published into the
following magazine, as well as quizzes, games and artwork prompts designed by Rosie McAndrew
using imagery from Thornton Archive. The magazines and creative packs were delivered to
residents in supported and independent living schemes, local homes, a children’s home, gala
committee, church food bank and target community groups in Thornton, totaling over 400 copies
distributed.

NEW STORIES HAVE BEEN COLLECTED
Oral histories from people who lived at South Square when it was residential have now been
added to the archive, shared through exhibitions, and are permanently available on the
website and external sound sharing platforms.
IN SHIPSHAPE To reopen the centre after the
completion of building and renovation works, the
inaugural exhibition and summer activity
programme took inspiration from South Square’s
roots as a DIY, community-led arts space born in
1982. South Square Centre’s early years were
defined by three eventful parties with distinct themes. Titanic was the themed event which sticks in
most revelers’ memories. Large-scale props such as a giant iceberg, lighthouse, and ship’s funnel
hoped that the maiden voyage of South Square would not end in a similar fate to the infamous ship.
Nearly 40 years later, these personal stories were revisited, recollecting early memories of South
Square as an arts centre - presented as audio mixes set against a backdrop of recreated party props.
Audio recordings from former cottage residents were newly collected, exploring South Square’s long
heritage as a home for working families. Heritage Activities Officer Alice Withers uncovered
intriguing accounts of life at South Square, working with volunteers trained in oral history collection.
The stories uncover family connections and strong community bonds, laughter, and friendship, which
have become the lifeblood of South Square today. These oral histories are now shared on the website
and the Mixcloud platform and have also been submitted to the West Yorkshire Archive Services.
OUTCOMES FOR COMMUNITIES
A MORE ACCESSIBLE, SUSTAINABLE, HIGHER PROFILE HUB FOR THE COMMUNITY
PROFILE
The profile of South Square Centre has been raised among local people and the cultural sector. Relationships
have been strengthened with local schools, colleges, community organisations, care homes and sheltered living
spaces, the on-site archive association, commercial tenants, and other local stakeholders. More local people are
now aware of the centre and repeat visits are increasing. The creativity displayed in interpreting local historical
links caught the attention of the regional TV news who came to film on site.
✓ Audiences from Thornton (and Allerton) have increased by 27%

✓ First time visitors’ awareness of South Square Centre (before they came) increased by 29%
✓ The Prickly Parsonage project, with replica Brontë Parsonage hedgehog house in the new garden featured on
BBC Look North lunchtime news.
✓ Visits in the 12 months after opening increased by 45%, to over 31,000, compared to annual figures before
the project.
The capital work and inventive programme led the organisation to be invited onto partnerships including a
Bradford wide cultural consortia, attracting further investment, and future opportunities.
✓ South Square is now part of a new Bradford cultural consortium receiving DCMS Levelling Up funding. This
funds a new project co-ordinator and local engagement to increase under-represented local communities.
✓ This work will also join up with the Bradford City of Culture programmes.
✓ Interest in collaborating with the Brontë Parsonage Museum has turned into a long-term partnership.
✓ South Square was nominated for a South Pennines “Community Champion” award.
OUTCOMES FOR COMMUNITIES 37

ACCESS
✓ Spaces around South Square are more accessible for wheelchair users.
✓ Rearranged internal layout and new outside spaces mean public areas are easier to get to and can
accommodate higher numbers of visitors.
✓ Staff have new understanding of neurodivergence and how to adapt exhibitions accordingly.
“My mum couldn’t come here before; she uses a motorised wheelchair and walker, and she just couldn’t
come. She’s been a few times now. Disability access is visibly better, wheelchair users are in the bar and
gallery more often now.” Trustee
“I learned about the meaning of neurodiversity and the different ways that a gallery can adapt to users who
have any condition. This was a huge learning curve for me and I for sure learnt a lot.” Staff training
feedback
SUSTAINABILITY
The sustainability of the centre has improved, in all senses of the word.
“The funding and this project have given us time

and breathing space to stop just firefighting, but to Gas Usage Quarter 1
look at what’s needed, plan ahead, and make the
business model stack up.” Trustee
223
✓ South Square is more financially viable for
192
the future. Staff have more time to plan
rather than react. (See next section for ave
further details). kwh /
109
✓ Gas consumption has halved with day
weatherproofing and heating updates

making the centre less damaging to the
environment.
Q1 2019 Q1 2020 Q1 2023

BETTER LOCAL ECONOMY
Tenants are seeing increased footfall and more consistent attendances. Turnover of tenants is much lower, there is a waiting list for
studios, and tenants are spending more time in their studios. The café is open more and more regular hours. The building now covers its
own costs, and the organisation has been able to build a healthy level of reserves.
“The ladies and gents that attended my classes and workshops before the renovations say it is now a much more comfortable environment to be in as
it is a much warmer space to be, less draughty through the windows and quieter – less outside noise from the main road. Some people would often
cancel attending during winter pre-renovations as the space was too cold, damp, and draughty for them.” Tenant
Tenants are far happier with the centre now. They were asked to rate the centre on seven indicators of fitness for purpose before and after the
investment. The chart below shows how much their scores improved by.
% Difference in the building's fitness for purpose according to its small business tenants
110%
94%
62%
39%
22% 23%
12%
Ease of access for you The security of your Opportunities to be part How pleasant the Ease of access for the The dryness of the The warmth of the
getting into and around space of the South Square building is as a place to public getting into and building in wet weather building in cold weather
your space public / community work around the building
programme, events and
exhibitions

The building improvements have had a significant impact on how tenants can run and improve on their businesses:
IMPACT ON BUSINESSES.
Local pride in South Square 6 5
Local awareness of South Square in general 6 4 1
Footfall / earned income (sales, workshops etc) 4 1 4 2
How environmentally friendly you / your business can be 5 2 4
Much better A little better No different A little worse Much worse
*The score for footfall being a little worse is clarified in tenant comments. They are referring to lower footfall in the café because of covid, and state this is just the
general impact on the hospitality industry, not a reflection on the work of South Square.
“The building is much more welcoming in appearance. Our room is lighter, brighter, and warmer. No drafts and a pleasure to work in.”
“The site looks more attractive. It's great to have proper toilet facilities - there were issues here in the past with unsocial behaviour. I'm pleased to
work in a building that is more energy efficient - the environment and our environmental footprint are top issues.” … “Improved toilets and the
building work have meant that visitors experience a warmer environment with better facilities. The garden has made a bit difference in footfall
generally and is a new and popular attraction especially given people's on/off concerns about being in enclosed spaces following the pandemic.”
“South Square now looks fantastic and appeals to the local community. The disabled access has improved visitor experience and has helped a
number of customers.”

Now tenants are happier with their spaces, the knock-on impact to the future security of South Square is
further boosted. Trustees report:
✓ Less turnover of tenants, despite necessary increases in rent (which tenants feel more willing to
pay because of the improvements to the environment and business).
✓ No empty studios, and a growing waiting list for when spaces do arise.
✓ Longer and more consistent café opening hours.
✓ More tenants in the building, more often, for longer periods.
✓ Community groups using the café rather than bringing their own food or drinks.
✓ Increased potential and actual bookings due to the new garden and improved public spaces.
✓ More staff time to plan ahead now time is not taken up with frequent firefighting about building
complaints and setting up rooms with heaters. This, in turn, improves community relations as
staff have time to respond to requests from local groups, which has then also led into new
funding application opportunities.
✓ Income has increased from room hire, gallery hire, bar sales and ticket sales.
✓ As a result of this South Square Centre has now built up six months of reserves for the company.
✓ And the building now covers its own core running costs.

SUCCESSFUL CAREER PATHWAYS
Three paid short term trainees all went on to full time employment or education.
CHLOE “I don’t think I would have gone for this role if it hadn’t said ‘anyone is welcome to apply’. I didn’t think I had a chance. It’s opened up a lot of
avenues I never knew existed. I’ve met a lot of people in the industry, from board members to customers. It’s given me a lot of confidence because
I’ve seen other people’s abilities and I think – I shouldn’t shoot myself down as much as I do. I can lend a hand to anything. I wouldn’t have the
confidence to apply for jobs if I hadn’t done this. The sky is the limit now, I have choices. This chance surrounded me with good people.”
Chloe moved to Thornton three years prior to her traineeship. Her old life had been
as a police officer in London. She left a stressful career and moved back to Bradford
where she grew up, to start a family. After five years at home, Chloe knew she
wanted to start work but was worried she had no experience outside the police
force and lacked confidence in her skills. With an arts degree, her passion was to do
something creative, but she felt she had no relevant experience. After a short time,
volunteering with South Square, she applied for the traineeship and was accepted.
It was part time and flexible so fit well with young children and gave her chance to
build the new skills and experience she worried about. The small management team
were keen to help her discover her strengths and supported her with a wide range
of experience. Chloe created kits to send out for lockdown activities, carried out
archive research, created social media content, planned the Winter Windows trail
during covid, liaised with care home managers on outreach projects, supported the
evaluation process, and when the centre reopened she took bookings for events and
space hire, and eventually planned and produced a full scale exhibition on the
theme of Remedy & Resilience, reflecting the pandemic and responding to research
from the Thornton Antiquarian Archive, including Thornton’s 1800s ‘Soothsayer’ and
‘Maggotorium Sanatorium’. When the traineeship ended, South Square funded the
post to continue. In 2023, Chloe felt ready for permanent, full time work and was
delighted to be offered employment with the local university as an Events and
Partnerships Co-ordinator, where she can make the most of her new skills,
creativity, and love of working with people. She is keen to ensure South Square is
one of the partnerships she can nurture.

ANDY* “The best thing I’ve learned is where I fit in. I’m dyslexic and have ADHD so it’s been good to come here and am shown how to do things and
worked out what I’m good at or not. I input the feedback sheets and I read them - I like hearing that feedback, people talk about how they like the
workshop but also sitting down for a chat. So not only do I know I like workshops, but I get why they’re important. I’ve got confidence now knowing I
can run workshops better than I would otherwise. I’m better set up for any job now with this reference. There’s nowhere for 16-24s in Bradford to get
an art reference and even more so because it wasn’t volunteering. It’s a very rare thing for anyone from Bradford and it will be useful no matter what.”
Andy didn’t know about South Square before the placement. In lockdown he was unemployed, struggling with finding work and his mental health. The
jobs available did nothing to appeal to his situation until his job coach showed him the traineeship at South Square. Andy has an art degree and had
deferred a university place but after two years gave up on ever being able to go. He had done some volunteering with workshops and thought this
might offer an alternative pathway to a career. Andy helped with repairs and maintenance and supported volunteer days while the building was still
closed to the public. When things reopened, he worked across all tasks, on emails, admin, workshop bookings, maintenance, exhibition installation, and
looking after the garden. Andy enjoyed the limestone mortar workshop, being from a clay and ceramics background, and was able to run a workshop
making mugs. He learned how to use WordPress and grew his skills and confidence on Excel. Towards the end of the placement, Andy got back in
touch with university and was reoffered a place on the fine art degree.
*Name changed for privacy reasons.
CONNOR: Connor had completed three years of an architecture degree but was struggling to find the relevant
placement he needed to move his career onto the next stage. He was unemployed and not getting far with
applications. The South Square team were very impressed with his interview and portfolio, and knew he just
needed one thing to fall into place for the right opportunities to then open up. During his traineeship he worked
with the director to refine his folio. She brought in the architect for the capital works to offer specialist industry
advice too. Connor also spent time out on workshops with the care homes and residential housing, and time
researching in the archive, to then produce drawings of vernacular architecture, which were exhibited in the
gallery. Towards the end of his placement, Connor applied for a position at an architect practice in Manchester.
They knew of the South Square capital work and were interested in his experience seeing a capital project from
the perspective of a client, especially in a community setting, which were experiences no-one else had in the
company. They could instantly see how useful he would be and offered him the position, which he very happily
accepted.

IMPROVED COMMUNITY
Locals feel prouder about living in Thornton, or more interested in visiting from other parts of
Bradford. They feel more part of a community, more connected to other people, appreciate
South Square’s roots and community contributions more and have a better awareness of the
village’s Brontë links.
“The opportunity for the students to get involved in a meaningful community project was excellent. It
enabled them to focus on something positive when it's been quite a difficult time due to the current
situation. They were able to try a new technique and the resources prepared were to a high standard.
The videos were very good and enabled a personal delivery by Alice and South Square and Emma
from Open to the Public. Alice especially put a lot of time and effort into this, and I think that was
invaluable. The project encouraged the students to get creative whilst building knowledge of
Historical elements of our local area as well as informing them about South Square as a local Arts
Centre.” Teacher
“I learned that our village is beginning to have strong sense of community” … “It’s great that South
Square has so much going on for the community” … “It's nice to feel part of something.” … “Another
important thing was the fact that the Square was still going and in full swing. I was happy to learn
that others, like me, will get the chance to have a place like the South Square to work in or visit …
“How important community spaces are for our wellbeing, taking part in the project and making
connections with people is a real mood booster!” Project participants

CHALLENGES & LEARNING
Given the number of people engaged and the myriad of ways the project unfolded, there were surprisingly few concerns. Among the hundreds of
comments from audiences, project participants, education groups, tenants, trainees, and volunteers, only a handful of questions were raised. The more
significant challenges were out of South Square’s control.
1. COVID. Unsurprisingly, Covid caused no end of difficulties. For a long period, plans were changing weekly or being put on hold completely. The
team continued to adapt incredibly well despite all the challenges. As well as planning difficulties, working out how to keep things covid-safe
when they could go ahead also took a lot of time. Everything from making sure people had, and knew how to use digital technology to join in
Zoom sessions and working out how to use Zoom; figuring out how to manage group dynamics in online workshops; knowing how many or how
few people to include; or how many people to have in a room when face to face activity began again, or how to ensure socially distanced
materials, like knitting yarn! The efforts the team made were recognised and very gratefully acknowledged by the community at large.
2. TRAINEES. This was the first time the team had offered traineeships. This included two kick starter trainees. Recruitment was a challenge as
the Back to Work coaches were driven by meeting targets which meant either lots of people applied who had no interest in the work, or at the
other extreme, because the coaches didn’t understand what South Square is or what the traineeships could offer, very few people applied. It
took more pro-active efforts to find people who could make the most of the opportunities. The team also had no prior experience of supporting
a neurodivergent trainee. There was a lot they didn’t understand about the support that was needed. They were very willing to learn, however
the trainee was not open about their needs, and so the staff couldn’t ask. The experience of that traineeship made the staff more aware they
needed more structures in place and to be clear about what was flexible and what was expected, and they so they structured the other
traineeships more carefully.
3. BUILDING WORKS. There were some snagging problems, with some studios not well heated when needed or rain coming in under doors,
though these were fixed as quickly as possible. Some new leaks seemed to appear around the chimney stacks that did not exist beforehand,
but these have now been fixed. There were some complications with the second phase of building work (the additional funding supporting
better accessibility) which was not fully joined-up with the work of the first phase, so some work needed to be redone. Working this out was a
long and drawn-out process, but is now resolved, and a five-year building management and maintenance plan is now in place.
4. WAYFINDING. The success of the building work and internal relocation has highlighted a gap that had not been considered before. While
movement from any external doors within the courtyard is much improved, getting to those facilities from the garden (one level down at the
back of the building), or exterior doors around the outside of the building, especially in the dark, is less than ideal in comparison.
CHALLENGES & LEARNING 45

5. INCLUSIVITY. Most of the
community has been overwhelmed
by the positive changes, but there
has also been a little resistance. A
few visitors have felt uncomfortable
using gender neutral toilets or been
unhappy about workshops in a
room with transgender positive
artwork on the walls form a
community project. This is a very
small minority and if anything,
shows the need for the continuation
of such work at the centre.
6. ART ENGAGEMENT. The only
worries visitors expressed about
the programme itself were, on
occasion, feeling like the art was
too difficult to try. On the other
hand, these were so enormously
outnumbered by people saying the
exact opposite and surprising
themselves with what they could
manage.
CHALLENGES & LEARNING 46

CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS
This project has worked through delays and programme redesigns. At times the building work has thrown up unexpected challenges. It has been a
steep learning curve for staff and trustees. Understanding how to manage a capital development; take on trainees; deliver online activity or a blend of
online and socially distanced outreach, embedding heritage into all creative and public activity, and trying to appeal to and engage with people of
many different interests was an ambitious endeavor.
However, the team have truly built and reflected the local community – acting as a home and a vehicle for social bonds in the building, with other local
community partners, through heritage landmarks, with isolated people, and with local small and independent businesses.
The building is in much better condition now, restored with authenticity, and improved functionality. Spaces have been better configured, external and
internal structures have been saved and strengthened, and new spaces and better facilities have been created. A new building maintenance and
management plan for the next five years is in place. The building is more accessible, more comfortable, and more appreciated. This has led to a more
sustainable and resilient organisation and business model. The building now covers its costs, and a healthy level of reserves has been created. Now
the building is weatherproof, with better insulation and heating, fuel usage has decreased. Combined with the improvements for nature in the garden,
South Square can start to improve its environmental footprint.
Heritage is now woven through everything in the programme, where before the team were not always sure how it could fit into their thinking. Taking
inspiration from the in-situ local history archive, local historic landmarks, the association with the Brontes, and its own history, South Square now
enjoys an infinite range of opportunities to tell and be part of the stories of Thornton and Bradford – and it does so with imagination, creativity and
joyous flair. By working in this way, it has given back to the local community; helped people discover new interests and skills; reconnect with long lost
friends; feel calmer, more connected, and more self-confident. It has opened the eyes of local pupils, students and others to what Thornton has to offer
culturally and creatively, and why the village has more significance than they realised. All of which has helped people see their community through a
new lens, appreciating the place and the people more.
There is always more that can be done, and this evaluation has highlighted opportunities for improvement in:
1. AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT. A new community and audience development strategy to continue the great work achieved over this
period, and fill some of the gaps of engagement.
a. The local South Asian population are under-represented in who South Square is currently engaging. There are concrete steps being
taken to improve this but there needs to be a long-term approach to succeed with these efforts.
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS 47

b. Audiences are still dominated by older generations. More work needs to be done to appeal to those in their 20s and 30s.
c. Audiences feature a significantly higher ratio of female to male, though non-binary representation is closer to the national average.
More work needs to be done to engage with men. Again, the team are aware of this and have developed some projects designed to
appeal to men. This needs to be developed strategically to build into the future.
d. Overall, to check if audiences are representing local communities fully, South Square should be aiming to achieve roughly the
same proportions of demographics as the 2021 census for Thornton & Allerton and / or Bradford (depending on strategic
priorities). By using that as a benchmark, it will be possible to check if progress is being made in the areas most needed, whilst making
sure not to lose any ground where the organisation is currently doing well.
2. WAYFINDING & ACCESSIBILITY. Successes with accessibility and facilities in the main courtyard have also highlighted areas that don’t yet
match up.
a. Physical access to the garden is limited and some visitors who can’t use the short passageway and steep stone steps need to go
round the outside of the building.
b. The same is true for those using an external door on the outward facing side of the building. Routes from the external facing side of
the building need improvements so that those visitors feel as included, welcome and safe as anyone else. Cobbles, the hill, and the
dark all need considering, and accommodations that can be made also need to be careful not to erase the heritage South Square has
worked so hard to nurture.
c. Access is much improved in comparison to before, but in some ways this journey is only just beginning. Working with local disability
support groups and a full access audit would be advantageous, so South Square can keep improving. The building, programme and
website content all need to be part of this review. The input of people with lived experience of disability, conditions,
impairments, and neurodiversity themselves is essential.
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS 48

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South Square Centre – Thornton, Brontes & Beyond

Evaluation Report 2023

The impact of Covid

development online. • 3 trainees all moved onto full time education or

participants, South Square staff, and their wider community.

South Square Centre’s 1830s origins and Thornton’s Victorian viaduct.

mortar to help preserve historic buildings.

further improving windows, toilets, and disabled access.

exhibitions programme and online / digital resources.

neurodivergence and how to adapt exhibitions accordingly.

ABOUT THE PROJECT 13

ABOUT THE PROJECT 14

AUDIENCES & PARTICIPANTS OF THE PROJECT 15

DAILY DISABILITY / CONDITION

AUDIENCES & PARTICIPANTS OF THE PROJECT 16

OUTCOMES FOR PEOPLE 18

OUTCOMES FOR PEOPLE 20

OUTCOMES FOR PEOPLE 21

OUTCOMES FOR PEOPLE 22

OUTCOMES FOR PEOPLE 23

OUTCOMES FOR PEOPLE 24

OUTCOMES FOR PEOPLE 25

OUTCOMES FOR PEOPLE 26

OUTCOMES FOR PEOPLE 27

• Positive experiences: Participants expressed enjoyment and

OUTCOMES FOR PEOPLE 29

OUTCOMES FOR HERITAGE 30

The works progressed in several stages.

• PHASE ONE. Firstly, scaffolding was erected around the

building, resident bats removed by skilled ecologists and

rehomed in special Brontë bat boxes, the old roofing,

pointing, and electrics removed, and the start of fire and

asbestos safety work on lower levels.

• In stage two, roof slates that could be reused were, along

with new Yorkshire stone slates where necessary. A broken

window stone lintel was replaced, and the chimneys

pointed and flaunched. In the gallery and workshop

spaces, walls were strengthened structurally, and the first

layer of rafters insulation was installed. A crack was

identified in the main gallery’s truss and scheduled for

metal plate repair at a later stage. Fire safety work

various site inspections and audits were made.

OUTCOMES FOR HERITAGE 31

pointing on the cleaned up stonework, freshly painted window frames,

and completed chimney stacks and gutters. Heating, electrics, and

and the main gallery beam strengthened and secured. Preparations

discovering a floor to ceiling crack in the wall in the process. Fire

plans, was upgraded, as per the local authority’s building regulations

the back of the building.

scaffolding removed to reveal the fully repointed building, which staff

and volunteers contributed to as a result of their lime stone mortar

refreshed by volunteers. Internal fittings took slightly longer than

major impact on deadlines. Landscaping in the garden began, to make

OUTCOMES FOR HERITAGE 32

reconfigured to include an accessible toilet and baby change facilities. Importantly, a

café, bar) are all now accessible by wheelchair.

OUTCOMES FOR HERITAGE 33

Visitors to exhibitions and historical tours appreciated the guides

OUTCOMES FOR HERITAGE 34

THORNTON BY POST was a series of co-produced magazines aimed at Thornton’s elderly

OUTCOMES FOR HERITAGE 35

completion of building and renovation works, the

inaugural exhibition and summer activity

programme took inspiration from South Square’s