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การวิจยั เพื่อนาวัสดุ FRP มาใช้ในงาน

โครงสร้างคอนกรี ต
รองศาสตราจารย์ ดร. พูลศักดิ์ เพียรสุสม
ภาควิชาวิศวกรรมโยธา จุฬาลงกรณ์ มหาวิทยาลัย
3 สิงหาคม 2565
สมาคมคอนกรีตแห่ งประเทศไทย
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หัวข้ อการบรรยาย
วัสดุ FRP คืออะไร
การนา FRP มาใช้ ในงานวิศวกรรมโครงสร้ าง
Timelines ในการนา FRP มาใช้ ในงานคอนกรีต
Typical stress-strain relations
FRP bar in Alkali environment
Effects of Sustained Stress (Stress Rupture)
Shear Resistance in FRP RC Section
Bond in FRP RC Section
Design Philosophy of Flexure
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วัสดุ FRP คืออะไร

FRP = Fiber Reinforced Polymer or Composite
Fibers: Carbon, Glass, Basalt etc.
- mechanical strength
Polymer (Matrix): Vinyl ester, Epoxy etc.
- chemical resistance - stress redistribution
- protect fibers from mechanic damage
- prevent microbuckling
Others: aggregates, additives
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การนา FRP มาใช้ ในงานวิศวกรรมโครงสร้ าง

Durability
Electromagnetic Neutrality
รู ปแบบต่างๆ ของ FRP products
High Strength
Light Weight

Repair and
Strengthening
Soft eye FRP reinforcement
CEB-fip Task Group 9.3 Technical Report on FPR reinforcement in RC Structures, September 2007
www.eng.chula.ac.th

การนา FRP มาใช้ ในงานวิศวกรรมโครงสร้ าง

FRP Profile

The Official News Letter of International Institute for FRP in Construction (IIFC) Volume 2 Issue 1, February 2005
www.eng.chula.ac.th

การนา FRP มาใช้ ในงานวิศวกรรมโครงสร้ าง

AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Guide
Specifications for GFRP-Reinforced
Concrete, Second edition,
December 2018 (AASHTO GFRP-2B)

FRP reinforcement in Bridge Deck

FRP reinforcement in Slab

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Timelines การนา FRP มาใช้ ในงานคอนกรีต

CEB-fip Task Group 9.3 Technical Report on FPR reinforcement in RC Structures, September 2007
www.eng.chula.ac.th

Timelines การนา FRP มาใช้ ในงานคอนกรีต

CEB-fip Task Group 9.3 Technical Report on FPR reinforcement in RC Structures, September 2007
www.eng.chula.ac.th

Typical stress-strain relations

c, Aramid d, e, f, Glass Epoxy
a, b Carbon Fibers

Carbon/Epoxy FPR Rebar

Glass/Epoxy
Aramid/Epoxy

Vf = values of fiber fraction or fiber volume

The Official News Letter of International Institute for FRP in Construction (IIFC) Volume 2 Issue 1, February 2005
www.eng.chula.ac.th

FRP bar in Alkali environment

Dejke (2001) at Chalmers University: Tensile
strength reductions obtained for GFRP bars in
alkaline solutions, concrete and water at 60C
and 20 C

Summary in CEB-fip Technical Report:

- High temperature -> aggressive degradation in (ACI 440.1-15)
GFRP rods in alkaline solution
- GFRP rods in concrete -> limited degradation but
degradation increases with temperature and stress
level
- CFRP rod -> no significant alkaline attack

CEB-fip Task Group 9.3 Technical Report on FPR reinforcement in RC Structures, September 2007
www.eng.chula.ac.th

Effects of Sustained Stress (Stress Rupture)

FRP subjected to sustained tensile stresses
lower than ultimate short-term stress may fail
by stress rupture (creep rupture or static
fatigue) For GFRP and AFRP, stress-rupture
can take place at relative low stress, while
GFRP has a better resistance.
At high stress levels, micro-cracks can develop in
the resin. This situation may be critical for fibers,
in particular GLASS, as they can be damaged by
moisture and the alkaline concrete environment.
ACI 440.1R provides different limits for each
type of FPR bar, which should not be exceeds
under sustained and cyclic loading.
CEB-fip Task Group 9.3 Technical Report on FPR reinforcement in RC Structures, September 2007
www.eng.chula.ac.th
Shear Resistance in FRP RC Section
Forces at a diagonal crack in a beam
without web reinforcement
CEB-fip Task Group 9.3 Technical Report on FPR reinforcement in RC Structures, September 2007
Vc = Vcz + Viy + Vd
Vcz = shear transfer in compression zone
Viy = vertical component of aggregate interlock
Vd = dowel action of reinforcement
Vcz Component:
Zhoa et al (1997): Depth of neutral axis of FRP
RC section is considerably smaller than that
developed in similar steel RC section.
Smaller Vcz is expected from FRP RC section
straight after cracking.
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Shear Resistance in FRP RC Section

Viy Component:
Mikani et al (1989): Crack widths in GFRP RC
beam are about 3 times wider than those in
equivalent steel RC beams for the same sustained
load. A smaller aggregate interlock shear
resistance in FRP RC section is expected..
Vd Component:
FRP RC beam, Vd is considered negligible,
mainly because of the very low transverse
stiffness typical of FRP materials [Kanakubo and
Shindo (1997), Tottori and Wakui (1993)]
Vc in FRP RC section < Vc in steel RC section
CEB-fip Task Group 9.3 Technical Report on FPR reinforcement in RC Structures, September 2007
www.eng.chula.ac.th

Shear Resistance in FRP RC Section

Strain Approach: Strain in reinforcement = Strain in Concrete
Required amount of FRP for shear reinforcement is determined by controlling the maximum strain
f that can be developed in shear reinforcement. This limiting values were iniitailly based upon
the yielding strain of steel (about 0.2%-0.25%) and were imposed primarily to preserve the integrity
of the section and guarantee the additive nature of resisting mechanisms. From experiment
evidence, higher values were proposed and are now implemented in less conservative design
guideline and captured more adequately true behaviors of FRP RC section.

Vs Component:
ffv = f Ef ≤ ffb
ACI 440.1-15: f = 0.004 or 0.4%

CEB-fip Task Group 9.3 Technical Report on FPR reinforcement in RC Structures, September 2007
www.eng.chula.ac.th

Bond of FRP RC Section

CEB-fip Task Group 9.3 Technical Report on FPR reinforcement in RC Structures, September 2007
www.eng.chula.ac.th

Design Philosophy for Flexure

Basic Assumption:
Plane remains plane at any stage of loading => Strain Compatibility
A perfect bond exists between concrete and reinforcements to ensure strain compatibility

More Deformation to make FRP rupture

Balanced Section:
Strain of concrete, cu = 0.003
Stress in Steel reinforcement = fy = yield stress
Stress in FPR reinforcement = ffu = tensile strength

CEB-fip Task Group 9.3 Technical Report on FPR reinforcement in RC Structures, September 2007
www.eng.chula.ac.th

Design Philosophy for Flexure

Flexural Test at Chulalongkorn University

FRP Bending Test

30

25
Rupture
20
Load (kN)

15

10 No Yield Load
Cannot define Ductility Index
5

0
0 2 4 6 8

FRP Rupture Deflection at middle (mm)

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Design Philosophy for Flexure

Flexural Behaviors of Steel, FRP and Hybrid Beam (Qin et al, 2016)

Unit f s Over/Under
MD 1.3 0 0.0131 Under
Steel GFRP GFRP
MD 0.2 0 0.0020 under
G 0.8 0.0083 0 Balanced
G 2.1 0.0210 0 Over
Hybrid Hybrid Steel G 1.0-T 0.7 0.0103 0.0066 Over
G 0.6-T1.0 0.0059 0.00103 Over
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Design Philosophy for Flexure

Flexural Behaviors of Steel, FRP and Hybrid Beam (Qin et al, 2016)
Steel GFRP GFRP
Pmax = 142.7 kN Pmax = 150.4 kN Pmax = 219.6 kN

Steel yielding and

Concrete crushing GFRP Rupture Concrete crushing

Low ductility failure and Large deflection

Steel Hybrid Hybrid
50
Pmax = 42.9 kN Pmax = 222.6 kN Pmax = 230.5 kN

Steel yielding and Steel yielding and

Concrete crushing Steel yielding and
Concrete crushing Concrete crushing

High ductility index Improve of flexural stiffness and ductility index

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Design Philosophy for Flexure

FRP RC Section:
 = 0.55 for FRP rupture
 = 0.55-0.65 for concrete crushing

Steel RC Section:
 = 0.65-0.90 for tension controlled
 = 0.65 for concrete crushing

FRP rupture => smaller  and less FRP bar

Concrete crushing => larger  and more FRP bar
Deflection and Cracks at Service Limit State
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บรรณานุกรม
- CEB-fip Task Group 9.3 Bulletin 40: Technical Report on FPR reinforcement in
RC Structures, September 2007
- The Official News Letter of International Institute for FRP in Construction (IIFC)
Volume 2 Issue 1, February 2005
- ACI 440.1-15 Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete
Reinforced with FRP Bars
- AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Guide Specifications for GFRP-Reinforced
Concrete, Second edition, December 2018 (AASHTO GFRP-2B)
- R. Qin, A. Zhou and D Lau, Effect of Reinforcement ratio on the flexure performance
of Hybrid FRP reinforced concrete beams, An International Journal Composite Part B:
Engineering, 108 (2017) page 200-209
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Thank you for your attention

Q and A
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Design Philosophy for Flexure

Flexural Behaviors of Steel, FRP and Hybrid Beam (Qin et al, 2016)
Results of Computer Simulation
A4
A3 B3 B2
A2 B1
B4 B5
A1

Improve of flexural stiffness and ductility index