ADVANCE SCIENCE History of atoms

 Not the history of atom, but the history of the idea of the
Atoms atom
Times of Democritus, the man who first proposed that matter is composed  Original idea Ancient Greece (400 B.C.)
of atoms.  Democritus and Leucippus - two Greek philosophers
The Structure of Atom – Electrons, Protons and Neutrons
 All substances are made of 4 elements (Fire – hot, Air – light,
-The study about the structure of atoms gives a great insight into the entire
class of chemical reactions, bonds and their physical properties. Earth - heavy, Water - wet
-The first scientific theory of atomic structure was proposed by John Dalton  Blend these in different proportions to get all substances
in the 1800s.
The Structure of an Atom (Parts)
Atoms are the basis for everything in the universe.
ELECTRON = "-" negative charge
PROTON = "+" positive charge
NEUTRON = neutral (a charge of zero)
-The thing that makes each element unique is the number of protons, since
the number of neutrons and electrons can vary.
-Protons and neutrons are always in the center of the atom.
-Electrons are found whizzing around nucleus in areas called electron shells.

Atomic Structure
-The atomic structure of an element refers to the constitution of its nucleus
and the arrangement of the electrons around it.
-Primarily, the atomic structure of matter is made up of protons, electrons
and neutrons.
- The protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of the atom, which is
surrounded by the electrons belonging to the atom.
-The atomic number of an element describes the total number of protons in
its nucleus.
- Neutral atoms have equal numbers of protons and electrons
- Atoms of different elements have different atomic structures because they
contain different numbers of protons and electrons. This is the reason for the
unique characteristics of different elements.

THE ATOMIC THEORY

A theory of the structure and behavior of atoms has taken more than two
millennia to evolve, from the abstract musings of ancient Greek philosophers
to the high-tech experiments of modern scientists.
Greek Origins
Leucippus of Miletus and his student Democritus of Abdera
- idea that all matter is made up of tiny, indivisible particles, or atoms
- The word atom comes from the Greek word “atomos”, which means
“indivisible.”
- It was fiercely attacked by others, including Aristotle
Theories
James Chadwick- English physicist, a former student of Rutherford
- He predicted that another kind of particle must be present in the nucleus
along with the proton to help hold the nucleus together and add to its mass.