PRESENT PERFECT

Action started in the past, but still in progress in the present

Ex. I have lived in Rome for seven years

A past event still affects the presents

Ex. I have broken my leg, so I can’t play football today

A recent event
Ex. Have you read my text?

Reference to a past experience, but without any time expression.

Ex. I have been on the top of the Eiffel Tower

KEYWORDS: Today, this year/week/morning, for (+length of the action), since (+starting point),
just, already, yet (interrogative/negative sentence + last position in the sentence)

STRUCTURE
Have,has + past participle
Past participle formation
Regular verb: infinite + ed
Irregular verb: paradigm

PAST SIMPLE
Action/situations that are over or happened in a period of time that is over as well

KEYWORD: Last summer/week/year, Yesterday

Ex. + Last summer I went to the beach
- Last summer I didn’t go to the beach
? Did you go to the beach last summer
Ex. 3
1.
2. For
3. He went
4. Been
5. I’ve already been
6. I have loocked
7. I have ever been
8. Gave
9. Haven’t decided
10. Opened

Ex.13.3
1. I have forgotten
2. Arrested
3. It has improved
4. have you finished
5. I applied
6. It was
7. There has been
8. did you find
9. it was
10. he has broken
11. did that happen
12. he had fallen