PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE PAST PARTICIPLE

1. take took taken

2. Do did done
3. Go went gone
4. Buy bought bought
5. Teach taught taught
6. Think thought thought
7. See saw seen
8. Fall fell fallen
9. Draw drew drawn
10.Write wrote written
11.Cut cut cut
12.Put put put
13.Bite bit bitten
14.Hit hit hit
15.Leave left left
16.Stop stopped stopped
17.Sing sang sung
18.Complete completed completed
 TENSES - TIME OF AN ACTION DONE

3 TENSES

1. PRESENT TENSE
a. Simple Present
b. Present Continuous
c. Present Perfect
d. Present Perfect Continuous

2. PAST TENSE
a. Simple Past
b. Past Continuous
c. Past Perfect
d. Past Perfect Continuous
3. FUTURE TENSE
a. Simple Future
b. Future Continuous
c. Future Perfect
d. Future Perfect Continuous
 PRESENT TENSE

a. Simple Present - action takes place in present

time
Subject + first form of the verb(v1) +
object
eg. Ram plays cricket well.
The children play cricket well.
• To express a habitual action
eg. Mala drinks milk every morning
• Universal facts or Proverbs
eg. The sun rises in the east..
eg. Honesty is the best policy.
• Situation that is permanent
eg. Delhi stands on the bank of Yamuna.
• Future action that is planned.
eg. Tomorrow I leave for Mumbai.
b. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Subject + is/am/are + ing form of the (V4)+

object

• an action which is going on at the time of speaking

eg, I am writing a letter.
Raj is painting a picture
They are preparing for the exam.

• To indicate an action which is likely to happen

eg. I am meeting my friend tomorrow.

• An action going on over a period of time but which

may not be going on actually at the moment of
speaking
eg. I am reading a novel.
C. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Subject + has/have + Past Participle (v3) +

object

• To express an action that has just now

completed.
eg. She has completed her work.
I have cleaned my house.
They have finished their project.
.
• To express a completion of an action in the
future.
eg. Mala will leave after she has eaten her
lunch.
D. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Subject + has/have + been + ing form of the verb(V4)

+ object + for/since + time

Use of for/since
For: duration of time eg. For two years, for one week
etc.
Since: point of time eg. Since 3 o’clock, since last
Monday

• An action which began in the past but is still going on

eg. She has been studying in this school for the past
six years
They have been studying in this school since 2015.

• Repeated actions up to now..

eg. She has been going for music classes everyday.
Simple Past Tense :
Subject + second form of the verb(v2) + object

The Simple Past is used to indicate action completed in the

past. It often occurs with adverbs or adverb phrases of the past
time.

eg:
 The steamer sailed yesterday.
 I received his letter a week ago.
 She left school last year.

Sometimes this tense is used without an adverb of time.

eg:
 I learnt Hindi in Nagpur.
 I didn’t sleep well.
The Simple Past is also used for past habits.
eg:
 He studied many hours everyday.
 She always carried an umbrella.

Past Continuous Tense:

Subject + was/were + ing form of the verb(v4) + object
The Past Continuous is used to denote an action going
on at sometime in the past. The time of action may or may
not be indicated.
eg:
 We were listening to the radio all evening.
 It was getting darker.
 When I saw him, he was playing chess.
 The light went out while I was reading.
[In the last two examples Past Continuous and Simple Past
are used together]
Past Perfect Tense:
Subject + had + past participle(v3) +
object
The Past Perfect describes an action completed
before another action had begun.
eg:
 The rain had stopped when she came.

eg:
 When I reached station the train had started (so I
couldn’t get into the train).
 I had done my exercise when Hari came to see me.

 I had written the letter before he arrived.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
Subject + had been + ing form of the verb(v4) +
object + for/since + time
The Past Perfect Continuous is used for an action
that began before a certain point in the past and
continued up to that time.
eg:
 When Mr. Ram came to the school in 2005, Mr. Anand
had already been teaching there for five years.

 I had been walking for half an hour when it suddenly

started to rain.
 FUTURE TENSE
a. Simple Future Tense
Subject + will/shall + first form of the verb(v1) +
object

We use ‘shall’ with ‘I’ and ‘We’

‘will’ with ‘you’, ‘he’, ‘she’ and ‘they’
* To express an action that will take place in the future
eg. I shall go to the park tomorrow.
We shall finish the project by today evening.

* With condition and time.

eg. He will fail in the exam unless he works hard.
B, FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Subject + will/shall + be + verb + ing(v4) + object

* To indicate an action that will be going on at some future
time.
eg. I shall be writing the exam tomorrow.
* To indicate future plans which have been already
decided.
eg. We shall be leaving for Mumbai next week.
They will be playing the match tomorrow.

C. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Subject + will/shall + have + past participle(v3) +

object

* To indicate an action that will be completed before a

certain time or another action in the future.
eg. I shall have cleaned my room by 3 o’clock.
Raj will have completed his work before his
brother comes back..
D. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Subject + will/shall + have been + verb +

ing(v4) + object + for/since + time

• To indicate an action that will have been

going on, at or before some point of time in
the future.
eg. We shall have been living in this
house for 5 years by next year.
I shall have been teaching in this
school for 10 years by next month.
They will have been playing for
two hours by six o’ clock.