Bohr’s Model Of Atom:

In order to remove the defects of Rutherford’s model of atom, Niels Bohr in 1913 suggested that
laws of classical mechanics and electromagnetism which are applicable to big bodies cannot be
applied blindly to the sub-atomic particles like electron. Thus according to Bohr, the revolving
electrons in the atom do not emit radiations under all conditions. They do so only under certain
conditions as explained by him In his model. The four basic postulates of Bohr’s model are:

1. The electrons revolve around the nucleus of the atom in circular orbits. The centripetal force
required by electrons for revolution is provided by the electrostatic force of attraction
between the electrons and the nucleus.
mv2/r = KZe2/r

2. An electron can revolve only in those circular orbits in which its angular momentum is an
integral multiple of h/2π where h is Planck’ constant.
mvr = nh/2π
where n is an integer( n= 1,2,3,——-) and is called principal quantum number of the orbit.
Since n is a whole number so only certain values of r are allowed. Thus according to Bohr, an
electron can revolve only in certain orbits of definite radii, not in all. These are called stable
orbits or stationary orbits.

3. While revolving in stable or stationary orbits, the electrons do not radiate energy inspite of
their acceleration towards the centre of the orbit. For this reason, these permitted orbits are
called stable or stationary orbits.

4. The revolving electron emits energy in the form of electromagnetic waves as it jumps from
outer stationary orbit of higher energy to the inner stationary orbit of lower energy.
Conversely, a right amount of energy is required to lift an electron from an inner stationary
orbit to an outer stationary orbit.
hf = E2 – E1
where total energy of electron in the outer stationary orbit is E and total energy of electron
is E in the inner stationary orbit.