Problem Solving

and Reasoning
Teresita Dulay
Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
The type of reasoning that forms a
conclusion based on the examination
of specific examples is called
inductive reasoning.
The conclusion formed by using
inductive reasoning is often called a
conjecture,
since it may or may not be correct.
Definition:
Inductive Reasoning
Inductive reasoning is the process
of reaching a general conclusion
by examining specific examples.
Specific

General
Inductive Reasoning
Examples:
1. The teacher uses power point in
the last three classes.
Therefore the teacher will use
power point tomorrow.
Inductive Reasoning
Example:
2. The chair in the living room is
blue.
The chair in the dining room is blue.
The chair in the bedroom is blue.
Therefore, all the chairs in the house
are blue.
Inductive Reasoning
Example 3:
Jose is a grandfather.
Jose is bald.
Therefore, all grandfathers are
bald.
Deductive Reasoning:
Deductive Reasoning
Another type of reasoning is called
deductive reasoning.
Deductive reasoning is distinguished
from inductive reasoning in that it
is the process of reaching a
conclusion by applying general
principles and procedures.
Definition:
Deductive Reasoning
Deductive reasoning is the process
of reaching a conclusion by
applying general assumptions,
procedures, or principles.
General

Specific
Examples:
Example: 1
All men are mortal.
(Major premise)
President Rody is man.
(Minor premise)
Therefore, President Rody is mortal.
(Conclusion)
Can you definitely say that the major
premise is correct?
Deductive Reasoning
Example 2.
All Filipinos eat rice.
Juan is a Filipino.
Therefore, Juan eats rice.
Deductive Reasoning
Example 3.
All first-year students in the new
curriculum take mathematics in the
Modern World.
Rosa is a first year college student in
the new curriculum.
Therefore, Rosa takes Mathematics in
the Modern World.