Extraction

ASST.PROF.DR.RUSUL NASEER MOHAMMED

UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
 This chapter includes the following
items
1- Extraction definition types

2- Extraction types

3- Extractor design (calculation the stage number)

 Co-current contact with immiscible solvents

 Countercurrent contact with immiscible solvents
 Continuous extraction in columns Countercurrent contact with
partially miscible solvents
 1-Introduction :
 Extraction Processes and Equipment Extraction is a process where
one or more solutes are removed from a liquid by transferring the
solute(s) into a second liquid phase. The second liquid phase, the
solvent, is a mass separating agent that must be recovered later. The
two liquid phases must be immiscible (that is, insoluble in each other)
or partially immiscible.
3-Extractor design (calculation the
stage number)
 Co-current contact with immiscible solvents
1-2 : Modes of Extraction
 Countercurrent contact with immiscible solvents
 Steps solution to find stage number for desiging the process:

 Draw equilibrium data between composition

of solute in raffinate (X) and its composition
in extract (Y)
 Select the point XF on x-axis .
 Draw an operating line, of slope (A/S),
which passes through the points (Xf , Y1)
and (Xn, Yn+1)
 draw steps between the operating line and
the equilibrium curve where it was noted
the operating line connects the compositions
of the raffinate stream leaving and the fresh
solvent stream entering a unit, Xn and Yn+1
 Continuous extraction in columns:
 Find the length (Z) from equation below:

 find LR or KR

 In a similar manner, for extraction based on extract phase

 The relation between HOR (based on extract and based on raffinate

HOE)
Example :
Packed column is used to extract acetic acid from an aqueous solution using
benzene solvent.
It has height 1.4 m
cross-sectional area of 0.0045 m2,
what is the overall transfer coefficient and the height of the transfer unit required for
designing the column.
5- Countercurrent contact with partially
miscible solvents
5-1Selection the composition of the raffinate and extract
to the extraction process below
5-2 Design and find the equilibrium stage in Countercurrent unit
Example
• A 50 % solution of solute C in solvent A is
extracted with a second solvent B in a
countercurrent multiple contact extraction unit.
• The mass of B is 25 %,
• the final raffinate contains 15 % of solute C.
Solution:
 Select F, representing the feed, on AC at C = 0.50, A = 0.50.
 B is the solvent, draw FB is joined and M located such that
Mass B/ Mass A = FM/MB = 0.25.
 Select final raffinate (Rn) is located on the equilibrium curve ( C = 0.15, B = 0.01, A = 0.84)
5-4 Minimum and Maximum Solvent-to-Feed Flow-Rate
Ratios
Example
Solution
Effective solvent