Personal Development

Quarter 2 – Module 10:

Factors Influence Career Planning 
and Decision Making

Interests are areas that provide enjoyment and learning which result to a feeling of 
reward to an individual. Personal interests should be inclined to career so that it will 
result to a satisfying career decision-making.

Skills are talents or abilities that can be learned or acquired through training or day 
to day experience. Developing skills are gained despite the difficulties, if someone  has
an interest to learn.
Values are stable life goals that people have. It is an individual belief that are honed
from childhood and throughout his life. Your priorities, decisions, behaviors, and 
actions reflect the values that you have acquired since you were a child until old age. 
Every individual has a certain value that is dominant based on their choices, 
direction in life, priorities, determination including avoidance of conflict. According 
Rokeach Personality theory, there are two classification of values, the terminal values
that refer to the end desire of people in life, leading to a prosperous life and a world  at
peace and the instrumental values that deal with acceptable mode of conduct, such 
as being honest, ethical, ambitious, clean, broadminded and others. Based on 
research, these values are effective when practiced by children who are disciplined  by
their parents since childhood until they reach adulthood and eventually becomes 
their virtue.
Personality is blended characteristics that are evidently displayed and are important 
in expressing and communicating. These are the feelings, thoughts, and behavioral 
patterns a person has. Every individual has a different personality.
Understanding one’s personality can help to predict another person’s actions 
and feelings toward a situation. A person changes because of life experiences. As it  he
gets older, his decisions, choices, and interests differ from before. Sometimes, we 
tend to engage and stay with people whom we have common interest and personality
with. A strong personality can persuade and influence others either in a good or bad
way.
In shaping adolescent career, it is important to assess and determine the
strength and weaknesses. Personality, interest, skills, and values should be aligned 
to the career choice that they are planning. Career paths are small tasks that lever  to
career goal. Career is defined as what you do for a living using your profession or 
occupation that undergo education or training to master knowledge and expertise. 
Career planning is wise decision-making of steps and process for continuous 
development of learning of achieving his/her professional and personal goal. There 
are traits also that you need to be empower, so that you will not be shaken when 
there are trials and challenges. Improving personal traits is laid and augmented by 
accomplishing small personal tasks that are within a time frame. These small 
personal tasks contribute

a. Self-concept is an individual’s perception on different roles, behavior, and 

opportunities. According to Donald Super, Career Developmental Self-Concept 
Theory mentioned that every individual has different personality traits, values, 
interest, needs, and abilities that influence different options in choosing a career 
profession that fit to your qualities and interests which will eventually result to work
satisfaction. The process of individual change through his/her life experiences and 
discovery of his/her sense of self is called vocational development. Vocational 
development is a short job that helps to hone skills related to career choice.

Career Developmental Self-Concept theory has different developmental 

tasks that need to be fulfilled. Under the first stage of development, self-concept, 
attitudes, and needs from playing to working role is developed. This is the Growth 
stage that starts from 0-14 yrs. old. The second stage is Exploration stage that starts
from 15 – 24 yrs. old, where “trying out” vocational preferences based on interests and
abilities to real work experiences like part time, volunteer work or shadowing are 
present. The third stage is Establishments from 25-40 yrs. old where setting down to 
a right job and building stabilization at work are expected. The fourth stage is 
Maintenance stage that starts when an individual finds permanent work. The last 
stage is Decline stage, where an individual starts to experience physical and mental 
deterioration. Work begins to cease and changes in preferred activity are apparent.

b. Self-determination is when a person decides to act based on intrinsic 

motivation. Intrinsic motivation comes from your inner self. Self-determination is
reflected through your choices, decisions, and actions. Life experiences and
observations motivate you to fulfill your dreams and goals in life.
Finishing formal education is not that easy. There are different problems that 
you will encounter and sometimes, you might feel down and troubled that you tend  to
lose hope. However, a strong and determined heart and a mind which will not be 
conquered by any adversity could help you be motivated in order to achieve success 
in the future.

c. Self-monitoring is the capability of a person to watch over his/her behavior and

the relationship that he organized within his environment. People who are highly
sensitive monitor have a great tolerance to adjust themselves as how they perceived  in
the environment. It is an advantage since it creates and manages a positive 
environment that might lead to a high probability for success in their career.
People who are low sensitive monitor react using their feelings and little 
examination on the stimulus of their thought. Self-monitoring is an advantage for  you
as a senior high school student since the formation of your identity is very  crucial.
Adolescents tend to be risk-takers and want independence--the capacity to  have a
high sense of social monitor leads one to become responsible and accountable  to
his/her behaviors.
d. Proactive Personality is when people have the capacity to take actions without
being told and use thoughtful analysis to solve problems. They are able to  see
potential cause of problems and are able to understand and decide to change the 
situation. Proactive people find ways to empower themselves and be a productive 
person.

e. Self-esteem it is an accumulated life perception of social acceptance or  avoidance.

Self-esteem is characterized by the affective strength of your mind. People  who have a
high self-esteem are confident with respect to self and others in achieving success. It is
rooted from the childhood foundation of their trust, security, and love  enforced by
parents. Low self-esteem is comprised of negative feelings of self-doubt  and
questioning of self-worth. People with low self-esteem experience frequent 
punishments, harsh parental standards, and low affection during childhood. 
According to psychologist Abraham Maslow, in order to have a fulfilling life, you must 
attain the 5 basic needs: the physiological needs, safety, love/belonging, self-esteem 
and self-actualization.

f. Self-efficacy is the ability to finish a task successfully within the time  frame.
These are people who have an organized self-management and discipline.  People with
low self-efficacy tend to procrastinate that result to stress because of  uncontrollable
accumulation of work. Having self-efficacy can gain trust of others.
The capacity to complete the tasks ahead of time will result to a good performance
which might influence in one to become an asset of a group. This learned behavior  is
a trained behavior of self-management in handling task since childhood.
g. Locus control People who have a high sense of responsibility in controlling lives
have High internal locus control. They believe that they can control their own  destiny,
while people with low external locus control feel things happen because of  other
people, luck, or by powerful beings that may lead to depression. People with  high
internal locus control have high participation, motivation in life, and positive  regard
to all things especially in their work.
These personality traits may guide you to acquire great understanding of 
yourself to create appropriate career plan in achieving life goals.
However, before focusing on your choice of career, you need to identify the 
different factors that may affect your career planning and decision-making pro.

Factors that Influence Career-planning and Decision-making

a. Parental Autonomy: Parental monitoring is associated to parental 

protection where sometimes parents decide on what course their child should take in
college because of the promising career waiting ahead. Preventing their children  to
commit mistakes because of their opposing values may influence a career path. If 
there is tension between parents and child, the adolescent will inhibit and become 
unsure to themselves because they are not happy with the choice of career. The need 
for parents’ guidance and support are absent that lead to the adolescent giving up his
study and dreams in life.
Bear in mind that the parents’ role in choosing their child’s career is very 
important as they are the ones who know their child’s abilities, interest, aspirations, 
strengths, and weaknesses. Although many parents would be willing let their child 
choose his/her own career for they believe that their child knows what he/she wants 
more than anyone else.
b. Financial Hardship: This the major problem of every Filipino family in 
sending their children to school particularly in college. According to study of PSA of 
2017, five out of 10 Filipino families are deprived to basic education. Even though the
government made a law for Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act (R.A.
10931), that aim to help Filipino students to provide free tuition fees and other  school
fees, many high school graduates still get derailed from their journey to college 
education. Parents cannot afford to support the daily expenses of a college student
because of unstable financial
source. That is why students choose to earn money to help and provide the
family for their living. But there are students who have strong  grit (passion and
sustained persistence) to continue their education despite of their  financial situation.
They consistently fight to find ways that can support their studies  and overcome
adversity.
c. Change in Family roles: There are children who are products of broken 
family that result to even more problems. Most of them cannot continue their 
education because only one parent supports the family. Sometimes, there are 
students who cannot continue education, because they need to take over their
parents’ obligation to their family. At times, even if they value education, only one 
student can be sent to school.
Since some teenagers do not have parents who will care and guide them, they 
tend to get involved in early relationships which result to low academic performance,
disobedience, and even early pregnancy.
d. School Location: the proximity or distance of the school from the home is 
also a key factor. Since most universities and colleges are located in cities, 
adolescents have to decide to leave their homes and be away from their families just 
in order to study.
e. Academic Performance: There are courses that have grade requirements
that serve as a basis of your career preference. Academic performance during high 
school which does not meet these requirements or standards tends to influence 
career paths.
f. Employment Rate: Career choice may also be influenced by the market 
demand on man power. One also appraises the benefits a company can give like 
salary offer, compensation, and others career development. Expect that there is 
always competition for others also pursue what you wish to achieve. Keep in mind 
also that when there is limited supply of labor in a specific knowledge or skill, there 
will be a higher price command. Being equipped with different skills, talents, and 
knowledge is an edge to applicants. That is why there are students who equip
themselves with different skills by enrolling to technical vocational courses or 
perhaps get a part-time job while they are in formal education.
f. Herd Mentality: Sometimes, adolescents are easily swayed by their peers.
The fear of being separated from the group of friends may influence choosing a
career.  At this moment, it is important to have parental guidance.
g. Self-sabotage is defined as losing self-confidence and self-esteem. Self
sabotage is a negative self-talk where in one avoids mistakes and negative feedback 
which are given to improve performance. Sometimes, it reaches to a point that one 
becomes feeling pathetic, ineffective, faulty, and purposeless. Its better get an advice
from your parent/s or other people who can give reliable advice so that you could 
have a clearer understanding of your own strengths and weaknesses.

Development
Quarter 2 – Module 11:
 Career Options Based on Career
Development Concepts and
Personal Life Goals
Career Development Concepts
Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
The Social Cognitive Theory of Albert Bandura elaborates “self-efficacy,”
an  individual’s characteristic where a person performs in a certain level of work 
according to his/her confidence to accomplish a task.

This “confidence” is an outcome of someone’s past activities, experiences, and 

accomplishments where he/she develops a certain level of performance. The
concept  of self-efficacy in social cognitive theory acknowledges that an individual
perceives  reality and that this perception may be a greater determinant of
performance than  the objective reality itself. In relation to Bandura’s theory, it is
but important to  realize that both the employers and the employees need to
capitalize on the  “confidence” of individuals to have better relationships with one
another and to  perform well in their respective careers.
Super’s Career Development Theory
Donald Super’s theory postulates that a person undergoes several stages
in  career development. Synthesizing into five, Super outlines five developmental
stages  that occur in the career development of an individual.
Growth (around 4 to 13)- children develop their wants, capacities, behavior, 
socialization skills, and general view of the world.
Exploration (14 to 24)- people try to “find” themselves in the world through 
identifying their hobbies, groups, and experiences. In this stage, they identify 
tentative choices until they reach their permanent occupation.
Establishment (25-44)- individuals are set to their appropriate positions but
still  strive for advancement.
Maintenance (45-65)- people proceed to continual adjustments, challenging 
themselves to explore to better grounds. They try to update their competencies
and  innovate ways by which they can approach their field of work.
Disengagement (over 65)- people start to disengage themselves from the
workforce;  they concentrate on retirement planning and retirement living.
Holland’s Theory of Vocational Choice
Proposed by John L. Holland, this theory emphasizes the relationship
between  personality and the world of work. Essentially, the Theory of Vocational
Personalities  in Work Environment discusses that an individual looks for an
environment that is  attached to his/her personality, personal characteristics,
and view of the world. In a  nutshell, the theory explicitly identifies that the more
related the personal orientation  of a person is to his chosen career, the higher
the degree of satisfaction and  persistence is seen in his/her performance.
Career Development Factors
Recently, the Department of Education has released Memorandum no.
169,  s. 2018 in support to the implementation of Grade 12 Career Guidance
Program  wherein it enumerated several factors to consider in career pathways.
 Personal
Students’ personal preferences and idiosyncrasies play as a vital factor in 
career development. His/Her self-assessment contributes to his/her career
choice  hence personal decision making.
As discussed in the preceding modules, personality traits develop one’s way of 
thinking and acting, directing an individual to choosing a career option he/she
finds  himself/herself best for.
Academic
Experiences in the educational platform also serves as a factor in career 
development as students’ competencies are challenged yet honed in schools. 
Students create a huge sense of evaluation within themselves by checking and 
reviewing their academic performances. By so doing, there is a clear assistance
on  their strengths and weaknesses which they may use in choosing and
developing a  career they think is suited to them.
Familial
Since humans are social in nature and that people are at times influenced
by  their surroundings, leaning to a certain career path may be affected by
familial  factors. Having that said so, some students may anchor their decisions
with the  environment where they grew up or where they are exposed to. For
instance, one  may decide that he/she would rather want to be an engineer
because he/she saw  how successful his/her parents who are, too are engineers
themselves. One may also  prefer to take a career that is suited to the budget of
the family as suggested by  his/her parents. Or, a student may also be forced to
choose a career path he/she  does not desire just because his/her family
members force him/her to take so.

Other factors:
Students’ personal insights on their work values serve as a factor in
choosing  a career path and achieving personal goals. Work values are your
principles and  ideas that are related to your career. These cover honesty, service,
self-respect,  respect for others, peace, and success.
Besides, personality types are also factors to consider in identifying
career  options. One of the ways to identify your personality is by using the E-N-
F-P  Personality Type Code. These mean the following:
Extroversion-motivation comes from the outside and you are fond of 
interactions.
Intuition- possibilities in the future are given heavy considerations
because  you can sense pieces of evidence more than the five senses can provide
you. Feeling- decisions are accounted for by consulting your feelings and values.
Perceiving- planning is not considered because you take spontaneity and 
flexibility as your strongest edge.
It is also important to take note of your interests when identifying your
career.  Since it is difficult to thrive in a workplace where you are not passionate
about, you  have to ensure that your career choice is inclined to your interests in
order for the  tasks to be lighter, to be enjoyable at that.
Lastly, aptitudes are also a factor to take a look into in choosing a career. 
Accurately identifying your aptitudes may give you wider opportunities to fit
yourself  in your career choice. Since no shoes fit all feet, you have to think and
rethink  whether your aptitude is what your career choice requires or your career
choice is  what your aptitude is suited to.

The long list of factors in choosing a career may increase the precision in  recognizing the
appropriate one for you. That said, it is also noteworthy that a wrong  career choice may
lead to certain complications that may impede someone’s growth,  leading to compromising
the welfare of the whole company. Published in  www.edunote.com, the website outlined
three major effects of job discontent in its  article entitled 8 Causes of Job Dissatisfaction.

1. Loss of motivation/lack of interest/frustration- an individual may 

lose the zest and enthusiasm in working when he/she feels that the career 
culture where he/she is into is not where she should be.

2. Poor productivity/absenteeism- as a challenging effect of wrong career 

choice, a person may partially or totally waste time and money as he/she
may  not want to perform in the career any longer.

3. High turnover rates- when a company has failed to assess its employees and 
motivate them in such a way that they would individually contribute for the 
growth of the institution, employees resigning one by one may eventually 
result to high turnover rates.

Personal Development
Quarter 2 – Module 12:
Identifying Career Option
Leading to Attaining One’s
Personal Goal
Career Planning
Career planning refers to the process of making educational and career 
choices based on knowledge of oneself and of the environment. The purpose of
career  planning is to encourage individuals to explore and gather information
about various  educational and career opportunities thus enabling them to
develop realistic career  goals. Career planning is an ongoing activity that should
be implemented as early as  the middle school years and extend into adulthood.
The career planning process can  be divided into four stages. These stages
include (1) self-assessment, (2) knowledge  of academic-career options, (3) in-
depth evaluation and goal-setting, and (4) career  plan implementation.
Self-assessment refers to an individual’s ability to gather information
about  his or her interests, skills and abilities, values, and personality type.

Make a Career Plan

A career plan includes the short-term and long-term goals for your career.
Career planning is the self-evaluation and planning done by a person to have a
strong  career path. Who manages your career? Who makes the decisions? YOU!
Learn all  about career plans, why they are important, and how to see them
through until they  are completed.
Look at this figure about career planning. How will you start to plan for it? 
What do you need to set? Let us talk about it . . .

1. Knowing yourself
Assess yourself to know who you are and what you want. It also means 
understanding your strengths and weaknesses, your passions and fears, your 
desires and dreams, your likes and dislikes, and your tolerances and
limitations.  Knowing yourself means knowing your purpose in life.
2. Exploring your options
Discover careers to find what you really want. Assess your skills and
interests. Focus on what you want to do and how to get there. Learn the skills 
needed to pursue the career of your dreams.
3. Making Decisions
It is the process of making logical choices from the available options by 
identifying a decision, gathering information, and assessing alternative 
resolutions.
4. Moving On
It is more about learning to live and managing your career to help
yourself  succeed. It is important to move forward because there are things in
our past that  should not hold us back from improving ourselves. And, in
career development,  improvement and change are always occurring.

How to stick to your plan and achieve it

Setting goals is one thing but finding out how to make your plans a reality is 
another. At this point, you already know that it is important to have goals and
plan  for your career and life; you have learned ways to set goals. But do you
know how  to carry out those goals and stick to your plan over time?
Everyone is different, and everyone will have a different career plan. What will 
your career plan look like? Think about where you are and the things you know
right  now. Are you ready to apply for a job in your career path? Do you need
more  education and training first? Make a career plan to help you get the skills
you need  to apply for better jobs.

There are six steps to make a career plan:

1.Assess yourself to know who you are and what you want.
2.Explore careers to find a career you want.
3.Set goals to reach the career.
4.Expand your skills to prepare for your career.

5.Find a job that matches your goals.

6.Manage your career to help yourself succeed.
In each of those steps, you will have short-term goals and long-term goals. It  is
up to you to decide which activities to put in your career plan, so it is also of
great  importance for you to strategically plan your actions.
From the given activity, you already have identified your short-term goals and 
long-term goals. This time let us define and discuss things about short-term
goals  and long-term goals for you to fulfill and make your career plan better.
1. A short-term goal is something you want to do soon. The near future can
mean  today, this week, this month, or even this year. It is something you want
to  accomplish soon.
2. A long-term goal is something you want to do further in the future. It
requires much longer time and planning.
People who set and finish career goals tend to get more things done and often 
earn more money than people who do not set goals. After describing these two 
terms, you need to ponder on making a career plan. You need to follow these tips
to  increase your chances of successfully following your plans.
1.Write it down. Write down your career plan so that you will remember it and
you  can track your progress. You are more likely to commit to your plan that is 
specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and timely (SMART). Put a copy of 
your plan some place where you can see it often such as on your bedroom mirror
or  the refrigerator door. Let me describe to you first the SMART goal setting
model.
Here’s what SMART stands for:
SPECIFIC – Each goal must be specific and as clearly defined as possible. You
can  have multiple goals, but each one must be clear.
e.g. I will become an electrical engineer.
One of my goals is to become an English teacher.
MEASURABLE – Each goal must also have clearly defined metrics for how it can
be  measured – either for progress or the end goal.
I will become an electrical engineer in the Philippines.
One of my goals is to become an English teacher in the school
while  working as a student.
 ACHIEVABLE – It can be easy to get carried away when setting goals, but a goal
that  is ultimately not achievable will deplete your motivation. Keep goals small
and  achievable.
I will study in a local university and will become an electrical
engineer. One of my goals is to become an English teacher in the
school where I  graduated from.
RELEVANT – this is where putting some time in to plan your goals can pay off.
One of my goals is to become an English teacher in the school
where I  graduated, so I can pay forward my former teachers.
TIME-BOUND – make sure you set yourself realistic deadlines for each goal and
its  required steps to keep you focused and motivated.
I will study in a local university and will become an electrical
engineer  in five years’ time.
After four years, one of my goals is to become an English teacher in
the  school where I graduated.
The SMART model has been widely accepted as the go-to model because it 
can be applied to simple and complex goals, work goals, personal goals,
individual,  and group goals. It I s a highly adaptable model with a very clear
structure that can  be used with other planning and business tools to achieve
large goals.
2. Set deadlines. Make one of two goals that you can achieve within a few days
or  a week. Then make other short-term goals that only take a few months to
complete.  Over time you will see how many tasks you have completed and how
much closer  you are to accomplishing your long-term goals.
3. Reward yourself. Working toward your goals is hard work. Think of small
rewards  to give yourself when you accomplish something big or small. These
bonuses will  help you stay motivated.
4. Have an accountability partner. It is important to try to complete your goals 
with a company. Find one or two people who will help you stick to your plan.
This  can be a friend, a job coach, or your supervising agent (or corrections
agent). Your  partner will remind you of deadlines and give you encouragement
when you face  setback.

Personal Development
Quarter 2 – Module 13:
Factors in Personal Development:
Guide in Making Important
Career

Values are individual beliefs that motivate people to act. It serves as a guide  for
human behavior. Most of the time, a person adopts the values observed with the 
people he/she lives with or the community that he/she grew up in.

Skills refer to the ability and capacity acquired through deliberate, systematic,
and sustained effort to smoothly and adaptively carryout complex activities or job
functions involving ideas

Your family’s financial capability to support your studies in college

should also be considered. No matter how good your career choice is,
your  family’s capacity to financially support your chosen career is
vital. It is recommended to have at least three alternatives.

Here is a simplified guide in preparing for important career decisions.

Process Questions to ask yourself

Finalize your goal Am I going to pursue college courses, enroll in short-term  TESDA
courses, work while studying, or open a small  business?

Work on your What values do I need to achieve my goals?

values My personal mission and vision.

Consider the What other choices do I have (second and third choice) for a  career if
options the first choice would not be possible?

Strategize How will I be able to support my studies?

My parents are not financially stable, yet I have the “drive” to  pursue,
and possess the knowledge.

After considering all  the What is the best possible scheme for success after I am done  in
possibilities, evaluating my goal and all the possibilities?
modify your plan.

Personal Development
Quarter 2 – Module 14:
Importance of Personal
Development in Making a
Career  Decision
In making a career choice, an adolescent like you may undergo a process
of  thinking and rethinking. You may find it challenging to make decisions
right away  because of the different factors that you need to consider in
career choices. There is  a suggested strategy in order to help you decide for
your future career. The diagram  above could help you follow a step in
analyzing the right career for you.
1. Knowing Yourself - It takes an initial step on self-exploration by
determining  your interests, limitations, inner talents, skills, and
potentials that would help  create an image of your future self.
Determining personal strengths and  weaknesses can also give you a
chance to set bigger plans for the future.

2. Identify Personal Skills – A person’s skill differs from one person to

another.  Once you realize your capacities, it is important to concentrate
on improving  it even further.

3. Strategize on Developing Self – After knowing your personal skills, expose 

yourself to worthwhile activities like: training workshops, community 
projects, school organization, and even extra-curricular activities in
school.  Find opportunities within your community where you could learn
new skills.

4. Research on Career Options – There are plenty of career options that an 
adolescent like you can choose from. Should you wish to know more
about  these options, you may compare and contrast the different
background of your  chosen professions and see if that suits your interest
and skills.

5. Career Planning – Think of your personal plan of actions on how to

achieve  your set goals for the future. In career planning, you may include
your  teachers, parents, and peers so that they can give you necessary
feedback in  order to decide on a good career choice. Listening to experts
also gives  additional help and guidance.

Career choice is probably one of the most challenging things that

adolescents  like you are facing right now. There are several factors that
influence decision  making: achievement in school, social and
environmental condition, personal  interest, influence of parent, and
financial resources.
there  are suggested ways on how to deal with this personal issue in order
to help you in  making career choice.
1. Conduct Personal Research -
Reading few articles and journal
entries about the kind of career that
you wish to have can help you
 gather information which may be
helpful in your decision-making.

2. Invest in Acquiring Necessary Skills – It

is expected that adolescents do not have
enough skills at this stage; however, this is
earned through proper training
involvements and pursuing activities
related to the kind of field you wish to
become expert with.

3. Refrain from Abrupt Decision – One of the

challenges adolescents encounter is by
deciding too early about what they want to
pursue even without adequate background
on that field.