Power Generation Lab

Lab Manual # 06

Submitted to:
Dr. Habib Ur Rahman Habib

Submitted by:

Muhammad Aqib Reg No. 19-EE-194

Section B

Electrical Engineering Department

University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

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 Lab # 6
Title:
Guided visit to understand working of Francis and Pelton Turbines at CED UET Taxila.

Objectives:

Following are the main objectives of this lab:

 To visit CED UET Taxila to get knowledge about Francis and Pelton turbines.
 To understand how Francis and Pelton turbines are used for power generation.
 To study about the design and construction of Francis and Pelton turbines.
 To observe the working of Francis and Pelton turbines.

Place visited:

CED UET Taxila.

Equipment Required:
The equipment we saw there were as follows:
 Pelton Wheel Turbine
 Centrifugal pump
 Single phase Motor
 Water tank
 Pressure Gauge
 Digital Tachometer
 Francis Turbine
 Three phase Motor
 Water pipe
 Flow rate control Valve
 Governor System

Working of Pelton Wheel Turbine:

• This is a Pelton wheel turbine which is suitable for power extraction, when the water

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 energy is available at high head and low flow rate.

• There exists a water tank having reasonable storage of water.

• As we turn on the single phase motor, the centrifugal pump attached with the motor
start sucking water from the tank.

• Water flow can be controlled by the valve being installed on the water pipe.

• Water falls on the buckets of the Pelton wheel turbine from pump through the water
pipe. As it start rotating the shaft attached to it also starts moving.

• For controlling the movement of the shaft, a mechanical force is being applied by
using adjustable springs having a flexible belt.

• Firstly we remove the zero error of the springs by detaching the belt from the shaft.

• Now digital tachometer is used for taking the readings by keeping it parallel to the
shaft.

Working of Francis Turbine:

• This is a Francis turbine which is primarily used for producing electricity. The power
output of the electric generators generally ranges from just a few kilowatts up to 1000
MW, though mini-hydro installations may be lower.

• There exists a water tank having reasonable storage of water.

• There are two 3-phase motors along with the two centrifugal pumps. Water from both
motors is being common in one water pipe and it goes directly to the Francis turbine.

• There is an input valve which is used to change the flow rate of water. The guide
vanes of the Francis turbine are connected to the governor system.

• Turbine is further attached to the 3-phase generator through the shaft. The belt of the
shaft is being attached to the governor system for observing the speed which is
typically set to the 1500 RPM.

• As the generator stats working by the rotation of the shaft being connected to the
turbine then the load attached to it will be lighten up.

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 View of Pelton and Francis turbines:
Pelton Turbine:

A Pelton turbine or Pelton wheel is a type of hydro turbine (specifically an impulse turbine)

used frequently in hydroelectric plants. These turbines are generally used for sites with heads
greater than 300 meters. 

Digital tachometer:

A digital tachometer, often termed an optical encoder or simply an encoder, is a mechanical-
to-electrical conversion device. The encoder's shaft is rotated and gives an output signal,
which is proportional to distance (i.e., angle) the shaft is rotated through.

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Francis Turbine:

The Francis turbine is a reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes
pressure as it moves through the turbine, giving up its energy. The turbine is located between
the high-pressure water source and the low-pressure water exit, usually at the base of a dam.

Conclusion:

Lab was informative and interesting at the same time to me because I visualized all concepts I
have read before. I visited Pelton Wheel Turbine and Francis turbine. I have also grasped
many concepts I did not know before.