EC-7001: Microwave Engineering Laboratory Experiment no-9

Experiment Title: Scattering Matrix of Magic Tee/E plane Page 1 of 5

Tee/H plane Tee,Isolator and Circulator using waveguide
test bench (WR-90).

Experiment no-9

1. Objective (s):
To measure the Scattering Matrix of Magic Tee.

2. Theory:
An interesting type of T-junction is the hybrid tee, commonly known as ‘magic tee’. The
device is a combination of E-plane and H-plane tees. Arm 3, the H-arm, forms an H-plane tee
and arm 4, the E-arm, forms an E-plane tee in combination with arms 1 and 2. The central line
of the two tees coincide and define the plane of symmetry, that is, if arms 1 and 2 are of equal
length, the part of the structure on one side of the symmetry plane is the mirror image of that
on the other. If power is fed into arm 3(H-arm), The electric field divides equally between
arms 1 and 2 and the fields are in phase. No power is coupled in port 4 (Power propagating in
the TE10 dominant mode.) Reciprocity demands no coupling in port 3 (H-arm) if power is fed
in 4 (E-arm).
Further, magic tee being combination of E- and H-plane tees, if power is fed from arms 1 and
2, it is added in H-arm (3) while it is subtracted in E-arm (4).
The input-output characteristic of microwave device is expressed in terms of scattering
matrix. Suppose a wave of amplitude ai is incident on the ith port of a device and aj be the wave
amplitude coming out in jth port, then Sji = aj / ai is the jth element of the scattering matrix. The
scattering matrix is a square matrix having rows and columns equal to the number of ports. It
may be mentioned that scattering elements Sji are complex in general and hence both
amplitude and phases of the input-output waves have to be measured.

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EC-7001: Microwave Engineering Laboratory Experiment no-9

Experiment Title: Scattering Matrix of Magic Tee/E plane Page 2 of 5

Tee/H plane Tee,Isolator and Circulator using waveguide
test bench (WR-90).

3. Block Diagram:

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Medi-Caps University
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EC-7001: Microwave Engineering Laboratory Experiment no-9

Experiment Title: Scattering Matrix of Magic Tee/E plane Page 3 of 5

Tee/H plane Tee,Isolator and Circulator using waveguide
test bench (WR-90).

4. Apparatus/Components Required:

1. Gunn power supply GS-610

2. Gunn oscillator- XG-11
3. Pin modulator- XM-55
4. Isolator- XI-621
5. Frequency meter- XF-455
6. Variable Attenuator- XA-520
7. Matched Termination- XL-400
8. Tuned Detector- XD-451
9. VSWR meter- SW-115
10. BNC and TNC cable.

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Faculty of Engineering
Medi-Caps University
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EC-7001: Microwave Engineering Laboratory Experiment no-9

Experiment Title: Scattering Matrix of Magic Tee/E plane Page 4 of 5

Tee/H plane Tee,Isolator and Circulator using waveguide
test bench (WR-90).

11. Wave-guide stands and Accessories.

5. Procedures:

1. Assemble the setup as shown in the figure.

2. Initially set the variable attenuator (XA-520) for minimum
attenuation.
3. Keep the control knobs of Gunn power supply as below
a. Meter switch ‘OFF’
b. Gunn bias knob ‘FULLY ANTICLOCKWISE’.
c. PIN bias knob ‘FULLY ANTICLOCKWISE’.
d. PIN mode frequency ‘ANY POSITION’.

4. Keep the control knobs of VSWR meter as below

a. Meter switch ‘NORMAL’.
b. Inputs switch ‘LOW IMPEDANCE’.
c. Range dB switch ‘40 dB’.
d. Gain control knob ‘FULLY CLOCKWISE’.

5. Set the micrometer of Gunn oscillator for required frequency of

operation.
6. Switch on the Gunn power supply, VSWR meter and cooling fan.
7. Turn the meter switch of Gunn power supply to voltage position.
8. Increase the Gunn bias control knob and set it at 9.5 volt maximum.
9. Rotate PIN bias knob to around maximum position.
10.Tune the output in the VSWR meter through frequency control knob
of modulation.
11. If required then change the range of dB switch of VSWR meter. Any
level can be set through variable attenuator and gain control knob of
VSWR meter.
12. Tune frequency meter knob to get a ‘dip’ on the VSWR scale and
note down the frequency directly from frequency meter.

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Faculty of Engineering
Medi-Caps University
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EC-7001: Microwave Engineering Laboratory Experiment no-9

Experiment Title: Scattering Matrix of Magic Tee/E plane Page 5 of 5

Tee/H plane Tee,Isolator and Circulator using waveguide
test bench (WR-90).

6. Observation:

1. Obtain suitable power level in the indicating meter and record it in

the table given below.
2. Remove Junction Tee and measure power at the input by connecting
to VSWR meter and note down in the table given below.
3. Now put the source in port 1 of the Junction Tee, and measure the
power output in port 2, port 3 and port 4, one by one to get S21, S31,
S41 while keeping the other two ports terminated in matched load.
4. Repeat step 3 & 4 with source at ports 2, 3 and 4 to obtain other
parameters.
5. Record observation in the table given below.

6. Experimental Data:

Sl. Power Power Power Scattering Parameter

No. Input Outpu Output
t
Power Power Power S21 S31 S41
Port 1 output in output in output in
port 2 port 3 port 4
1

Power Power Power S12 S32 S42

Port 2 output in output in output in
port1 port 3 port 4
2

Power Power Power S13 S23 S43

Port 3 output in output in output in
port 1 port 2 port 4
3

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EC-7001: Microwave Engineering Laboratory Experiment no-9

Experiment Title: Scattering Matrix of Magic Tee/E plane Page 6 of 5

Tee/H plane Tee,Isolator and Circulator using waveguide
test bench (WR-90).

Power Power Power S14 S24 S34

Port 4 output in output in output in
port 1 port 2 port 3
4

NB: S11, S22, S33 and S44 are reflection coefficients at the four ports and are zero
for a matched waveguide tee.

8. Calculation:
SOI = ( PO/PI )1/2
Where “I” is the input port and “O” is the output
port, and PO, PI are the output and input ports respectively.

In dB scale 10 log (PO / PI) = 10 log PO - 10 log PI

PO/PI = Antilog 1/10 [10 log P O - 10 log PI]
= Antilog 1/10 [PO in dB - PI in dB]

9. Precautionary Measure to be taken:

1. Before switch ON the Gunn power supply Keep the control knobs of
Gunn power supply as below:
i. Meter switch ‘OFF’
ii. Gunn bias knob ‘FULLY ANTICLOCKWISE’.
iii. PIN bias knob ‘FULLY ANTICLOCKWISE’.
iv. PIN mode frequency ‘ANY POSITION’.

2. Don’t keep frequency meter in tuned condition for more than 30 second
detuned immediately.

1. Some Sample questions:

i. Why E-H tee is called magic tee?

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EC-7001: Microwave Engineering Laboratory Experiment no-9

Experiment Title: Scattering Matrix of Magic Tee/E plane Page 7 of 5

Tee/H plane Tee,Isolator and Circulator using waveguide
test bench (WR-90).

ii. Why does power equally divided between two collinear arms?
iii. List some of the important uses of waveguide tees.
iv. Why we measure Scattering matrix parameters instead of
Z-parameters in microwave frequencies?

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Medi-Caps University
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