MCQS Thermal methods of Analysis MSC 4th

Q 1: Thermal analysis is defined as ___________

Option 1:Measurement of concentration of materials as a function of temperature
Option 2: Measurement of solubility of materials as a function of temperature
Option 3: Measurement of physical properties as a function of temperature
Option 3: Measurement of line positions of crystals as a function of temperature
Answer: Option 3
Explanation: Thermal analysis is defined as the measurement of physical and chemical properties
of materials as a function of temperature. In practice, however the term thermal analysis is used
to cover certain specific properties only. These are enthalpy, heat capacity, mass and coefficient
thermal expansion.
Q 2: Which of the following method can be used for the measurement of change in weight of the
oxysalts?
Option 1: Thermoelectric analysis
Option 2: Wagner analysis
Option 3: Stockbarger analysis
Option 3: Thermal analysis
Answer: d
Explanation: Measurement of change in weight of the oxysalts and hydrates can be achieved by
thermal analysis as they decompose on heating, In which we measure the physical and chemical
properties of the materials. Wide range of materials can be studied.
3: What are the two main techniques for thermal analysis?
Option 1: FTG AND DGG
Option 2: MSP AND FCT
Option 3: TGA AND DTA
Option 3: TSA AND DGF
Answer: c
Explanation: The two main thermal analysis techniques are thermogravimetric analysis known as
TGA which measures the change in weight with temperature and Differential thermal analysis
known as DTA which detects changes in heat content.
4:  Dilatometry is also known as by which of the following names?
Option 1: TGA
Option 2: DTA
Option 3: DSC
Option 3: TMA
Answer: d
Explanation: A fourth thermal analysis technique is Dilatometry in which the change in linear
dimension of a sample as a function of temperature is recorded. Recently it has acquired a new
name, thermomechanical analysis (TMOPTION 1:.
5:  Which of the following statements given below is false?
Option 1: TGA, DTA and DSC are measured using same instrument
Option 2: TGA and DTA can be carried out simultaneously.
Option 3: TGA, DTA and DSC are measured using different instruments.
Option 3: TMA is a recent name of Dilatometry.
Answer: c
Explanation: With modern automatic thermal analysis equipment it I possible to do TGA, DTA
and DSC using the same instrument, with some models, TGA and DTA may be carried out
simultaneously. However, the thermal analysis equipment is necessarily rather complicated and
expensive in order that a wide variety of thermal events and properties may be studied
6: In thermogravimetric analysis, the result obtained appear as a __________
Option 1: Continuous chart
Option 2: Continuous parabola
Option 3: Continuous circular positions
Option 3: Discontinuous chart
Answer: a
Explanation: Thermogravimetric is a technique for measuring the change in weight of a
substance as a function of temperature or time, the result usually appears a continuous chart
record, a schematic, typical, single step decomposition reaction.
7: What is the range of the rate in ◦Cmin-1 required during the heating process in TGA?
Option 1: 1-20
Option 2: 25-50
Option 3: 100-200
Option 3: 150-1000
Answer: a
Explanation: In the process of TGA thermogravimetric technique, the sample usually a few
milligrams in weight, is heated at a constant rate, typically in the range of 1-20 ◦Cmin-1 and a
constant weight Wi, until it begins to decompose at temperature Ti.
8: Under conditions of ______________ heating, decomposition usually take place in
thermogravimetry. Fill up the suitable option from the choices given below.
Option 1: First order
Option 2: Second order
Option 3: Third order
Option 3: Dynamic
Answer: d
Explanation: In thermogravimetric analysis (TGOPTION 1:, decomposition usually take place
under dynamic heating conditions over a range of temperature Ti to Tf and a second constant
weight plateau is then observed above Tf, which corresponds to the weight of the residue Wf.
9: The Ti and Tf temperature depends on which of the following factor?
Option 1: Cooling rate
Option 2: Mechanical property of the material
Option 3: Thermal expansion coefficient
Option 3: Atmosphere above the sample
Answer: d
Explanation: Initial and final temperature Ti, Tf depends on variables such as heating rate, the
nature of the solid (e.g. its particle size) and the atmosphere above the sample. The effect of the
atmosphere can be dramatic.
10: What is the temperature required for the decomposition of CaCO3 in degree Celsius?
Option 1: 200
Option 2: 500
Option 3: 900
Option 3: 1200
Answer: b
Explanation: The decomposition in the thermogravimetric analysis of CaCO3 is completed in
vacuum at ~500◦C but in CO2 at one atmosphere pressure, decomposition does not even
commence until above 900◦C. Ti, Tf pertain to the particular experimental conditions, therefore
and do not necessarily represent equilibrium decomposition temperatures.
11: Which of the following option is appropriate for the TGA and DTA?
Option 1: TGA and DTA measures only weight
Option 2: TGA measures only weight while DTA measures other effects
Option 3: TGA and DTA measures only temperature
Option 3: TGA measures only temperature while DTA measures other effects
Answer: b
Explanation: DTA is more versatile than TGA, TGA detects effects which involve weight
changes only. DTA also detects such effects in addition, detects other effects such as
polymorphic transitions, which do not involve changes in weight.
12: In the schematic DTA sequence having reversible and irreversible changes, starting with the
hydrated material, which of the following steps occurs first on heating?
Option 1: Esterification
Option 2: Methylation
Option 3: Rehydration
Option 3: Dehydration
Answer: d
Explanation: During the DTA, differential thermal analysis sequence having reversible and
irreversible changes when started with hydrated material, dehydration is the first step that occurs
on heating and appears as an endotherm On cooling, the melt crystallizes and the polymeric
change also occur, exothermically on cooling but rehydration does not occur.
13: On studying the reversible process during DTA which of the following is observed on both
heating and cooling?
Option 1: Esterification
Option 2: Hysteresis
Option 3: Methylation
Option 3: Carboxylation
Answer: b
Explanation: On both heating and cooling during the studies of reversible processes in DTA,
differential thermal analysis, it is common to observe hysteresis, for instance, the exotherm that
appears on cooling may be displaced to occur at a lower temperature than the corresponding
endotherm which appears on heating.
14: Which one of the following options is not true for hysteresis?
Option 1: It depends on the nature of the material
Option 2: It depends on the structural change involved
Option 3: It doesn’t depend on the experimental conditions
Option 3: It doesn’t depend on the concentration of the electrode
Answer: c
Explanation: Hysteresis depends not only on the nature of the material and the structural changes
involved such as difficult transitions involving, for example, the breaking of string bonds are
likely to exhibit much hysteresis but also on the experimental conditions such as the rates of
heating and cooling.
15:  In the application of DTA and DSC which of the following parameters is measured for the
glasses?
Option 1: Concentration of the glass
Option 2: Solubility of the glass
Option 3: Cooling temperature
Option 3: Transition temperature
Answer: d
Explanation: In the application of DTA and DSC for glass the transition temperature Tg is
measured. This appears not as a clear peak but rather as a broad anomaly in the baseline of the
DTA curve, and it represents the temperature at which the glass transforms from a rigid solid to a
supercooled, albeit very viscous, liquid.
16: DTA can be used for which of the following process?
Option 1: Line positions of the crystals
Option 2: Mechanical properties of the crystals
Option 3: Phase diagrams
Option 3: Catalytic properties of enzymes
Answer: c
Explanation: Differential thermal analysis is a powerful method for the determination of phase
diagram, especially when used in conjunction with other techniques such as X-ray diffraction for
the identification of the crystalline phases present.
17: For the decomposition of the anhydrous calcium oxalate, which of the following steps occur?
Option 1: Intermediates, transition state, product
Option 2: Intermediates, anhydrous oxalate, calcium oxysalts
Option 3: Intermediates, aqueous hydrates, calcium hydroxides
Option 3: Intermediates, anhydrous calcium oxalate, calcium carbonate
Answer: d
Explanation: In the multistage decomposition processes, TG either alone or in conjunction with
DTA may be used to separate and determine the individual steps. A known example is the
decomposition of the anhydrous calcium oxalate where the decomposition occurs in three steps,
intermediates, anhydrous calcium oxalate, and calcium carbonate.
18: A rapid TGA method is used for which of the following process?
Option 1: Decomposition of polymers exothermally
Option 2: Decomposition of enzymes exothermally
Option 3: Decomposition of crystals endothermally
Option 3: Decomposition of reactions isothermally
Answer: d
Explanation: An accurate and rapid TGA method is to study the decomposition of reactions
isothermally, the TGA furnace is arranged at a pre-set temperature and the sample introduced
directly at this temperature. After allowing 2 to 3 minutes for the sample with time can be
followed. The process may be repeated at other temperatures and the results analyzed to
determine reaction mechanisms, etc.
19. Which of the following parameters can be used, using the DSC and DTA cells?
Option 1: Catalytic properties of enzyme
Option 2: Elasticity of crystals
Option 3: Enthalpy of substances
Option 3: Line positions of phases
Answer: c
Explanation: With DSC cells or with DTA cells that have been designed for a calorimetric
 response such measurements may be made rather more accurately and in addition the heat
capacity of substances or phases may be measured as a function of temperature.
20: Differential Scanning Calorimeters (DSOPTION 3: measure temperatures and heat flows
associated with thermal transitions in a material.
21: Thermo-mechanical Analysis (TMOPTION 1:
A technique in which a deformation of the sample under non-oscillating stress is monitored
against time or temperature while the temperature of the sample, in a specified atmosphere, is
programmed. The stress may be compression, tension, flexure or torsion

 22. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMOPTION 1:

 A technique in which the sample's kinetic properties are analyzed by measuring the strain or
stress that is generated as a result of strain or stress, varies (oscillate) with time, applied to the
sample.
23: Differential Thermal Analysis (DTOPTION 1:
A technique in which the difference in temperature between the sample and a reference material
is monitored against time or temperature while the temperature of the sample, in a specified
atmosphere, is programmed.