The Concept of Power Transformer in Process and Utility Substation receiving power from external

source Secondary Voltage Control ( Part A) :

Why Voltage needs to be within a particular band ? There are mainly two reasons .

1. To bolster starting particularly the large HV motors by raising taps in case of poor starting voltage
in addition to using unit transformer in series with large HV motors( Say a Compressor Motor) to put
additional impedance during starting to reduce starting current.

2. Every electrical equipment gives its guaranteed performance when voltage and frequency
variations are within allowable limits.

It is customary to inform the power grid or power source operator, the time and rating of HV Motor
starting having a rating of few 1000 KW as the operator knows other loads in system that might get
started at same time and he ensures that the grid does not get huge starting KVA and prevent
simultaneous starting, all with the purpose to ensure safe and healthy starting scenario from grid
point of view and further assisted by automatic tap changer .

I have already discussed how frequencies are controlled in conventional and renewables power
sources and grid. Now will cover voltage though automatic transformer tap changing methods.

Enclosed a handwritten up to explain with sketches.

More in subsequent parts.

This presentation is for automatic voltage control. Where we envisage more than one transformer,
we make one master and other follows master , called follower so far as tap change is concerned. As
we futher go downstream, manual or offload tap changer is provided.