6G Wireless Communication
M Badar Ashraf Rana
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Management and Technology
Abstract
The demand for wireless connectivity has
grown rapidly over the last few decades.
Fifth-generation mobile communication
technology is now widely available in
several countries. A new paradigm of
wireless communication, the sixth-
generation system, with the full support of
artificial intelligence, is expected to be
implemented between 2027 and 2030. The
paper presents the vision of future 6G
wireless communication and emerging
technologies such as artificial intelligence,
terahertz communication, wireless optical
technology, unmanned aerial vehicles,
holographic beamforming and the
automation of various devices use in daily
life specially in healthcare sector. . The
article describe the latest development in
perspective of 6G technology in the light of
white paper issued by different
technological Companies like Samsung,
Huawei, and Apple. I also describe potential
challenges and research direction for
achieving this goal.
Introduction
A new communication system has been
introduced for almost every ten years
providing new features and introducing new
technologies. In certain parts of the world,
fifth generation (5G) wireless network have
already been deployed. The 5G network
provides new features and provide better
quality of service as compared to 4G
communication. The reason is that 5G
provides a high standard infrastructure
enabling a variety of technologies such as
self driving cars IOT and smart cities.[1]
Every year the usage of smart devices is
increasing rapidly that’s why 5G network
will not have the capacity to deliver a
completely automated and intelligent
network that provides everything as a
service, So there is a need to develop such a
communication network that will fulfill all
the requirements after the ten years that’s
why researchers have turned their attention
to the development of 6G communication
network. The 6G communication system
will fulfill all the deficiencies of 5G network
by introducing new future services such as
Sensing intelligence and new human-human
and human-machine interaction, artificial
intelligence and the development of new
technologies like 3-D networking, terahertz
frequency, holographic beamforming. The
most critical requirement for 6G wireless
networking is the capability of handling
huge data and very high data rate
connectivity for each device.
 In this paper we discuss about latest Processing delay 100 ns 10 ns
technologies and applications developed by Traffic capacity 10 1-10
the 6G networking technology and the Mbps/m^2 Gbps/m^2
different challenges facing the achievement Local precision 10 cm on 1 cm on 3D
2D
of the 6G goal.
Time buffer Not real Real time
Satellite Integration No Fully
AI integration Partially Fully
XR integration Partially Fully
Center of gravity user service

6G requirements and capabilities

Comparison between 5G and 6G
The 6G communication system will increase
performance and enhance user QoS more
than 5G along with some latest features. The
6G network protect the system, secure user
data, and provide comfortable services. The
6G system is expected to provide wireless
connectivity that is 1000 times higher than
5G and ultra long range communication with
less than 1 ms latency is also expected. The
most important technologies that will be the
driving force for 6G are the terahertz band
frequency, Artificial Intelligence, Optical
wireless communication, 3D networking,
IRS and wireless power transfer.[2]
Network flexibility
The target of the 6G network is to enhance
the energy usage, cost of installation,
network growth, to improve the network
flexibility.
End-to-end communication
6G services require high-performance
connections to meet the dynamic behaviors,
huge bandwidth requirement and robustness.
In addition the increasing demand to secure
end to end communication requires massive
collaboration between all networks and
applications.

Table 1 compares the main specifications High Coverage

and technologies in both 5G and 6G.
For 6G better network access coverage is
Characteristic 5G 6G necessary to keep higher service
Operating Frequency 3-300GHz Upto1 THz requirements. That’s why 6G require to
Uplink data rate 10 Gbps 1 Tbps introduce novel mesh networking
Downlink data rate 20 Gbps 1 Tbps technologies and more integrated access and
Spectral efficiency 10bp/Hz/m 1000 backhaul networks to enhance the capacity
^2 bps/Hz/m^
and dense network deployments at low cost.
2
Reliability 10^-5 10^-9
Maximum mobility 500 km/h 1000 km/h
U-plane latency 0.5 msec 0.1 msec
C-plane latency 10 msec 1 msec
Divergence of embedded devices
Future services will need connection in all
situations and places. 6G networks can
handle billion of embedded devices and
providing reliable connections. High
machine to machine communication offers
data speed upto 100 kbps. However their
battery life may last upto 10 years.
Network computing
6G will bring all devices into the
computation. It will control physical
systems. By virtualization computing and
storage service providers can enhances the
performance of different applications and
latency. To communicate with physical
systems new applications are developed.
With the enhancement of different
application computing faces new challenges
That’s why new software programming
method are required to meet all the
challenges.
Use of 6G in Emerging
Technologies and Application
Every communication network introduces
new features and applications. 5G was the
first generation to introduce Artificial
Intelligence, automation and smart cities.
However 6G is introducing more technology
and applications providing higher data rates,
high reliability and low latency. I discuss
some of these technologies and applications.
TeraHertz Communication
The Terahertz band ranging from 0.1 THz
to 10 THz will play a vital role in 6G
supplying more bandwidth, more capacity,
ultra-high data rates and secure data
transmission. Technologies using frequency
bands below 0.1THz can not support Tbps
links, therefore 6G will be the first wireless
communication system supporting Tbps for
high speed communication.
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence was not involved in
4G or any other previous generations.
Artificial Intelligence will be fully supported
in 6G for the purpose of automation. AI and
machine learning are the most important
technologies in 6G.
Holographic Beam forming
Beamforming is using a directed narrow
beam with a high gain for transmitting and
receiving using antenna arrays by focusing
the power in a minimized angular range. As
we know that cost, size, weight and power
are considered as the main challenges in any
communication system using the
holographic beam forming will allow
efficient transmitting and receiving in 6G.
Healthcare
6G will provide secure communication high
performance , ultra low latency providing
better facility for surgeries through
XR,robotics automation and AI. The small
wavelength due to the THz band supports
the communication and the development of
the nano sensors allowing developing new
devices to operate inside the human body.
Wireless Power Transfer
Wireless energy transfer will be involved in
6G providing the better power to the
batteries in devices like sensors and
smartphones. Wireless information and
energy transfer is a technology that will be
used for the development of battery less
smart devices.
Recent Working on 6G Technology
Leading technological companies are
actively working to develop 6G network for
the wireless communication needs in 2030.
6G communication network are expected to
be developed commercially in many
countries by 2030. 6G makes much better
use of THz spectrum and distribution of
RAN enhancing the capacity, latency and
spectrum sharing. Research on 6G
technology got underway in 2020. Advanced
mobile communication technologies such as
cognitive and highly secure data networks
will be developed to support 6G.[3]
According to the reports China has already
launched a 6G test satellite that uses a
terahertz technology launched by the
Huawei Technologies and China Global.
Many participants in the industry are paying
attention to the race of 6G. Keysight
Technologies a test and measurement
company have dedicated itself to its
development. Major infrastructure providers
including Huawei, Nokia, and Samsung
announce that they are conducting 6G
research and development.
Currently following projects on 6G are
underway:
• The Terahertz frequency range for
6G is the subject of research by the
electronics and telecommunication
research institute of South Korea,
one of the leading countries in 5G
development. It anticipates data rate
that are five time faster than 5G and
100 time faster than 4G.
• The 6Genesis research project has
been initiated by the University of
Oulu in Finland to create a 6G vision
for the year 2030. The university has
entered into a partnership agreement
with Japan. Japan was one of the first
countries to work on the
development of 6G network.
• Aside from launching their test
satellites the ministry of industry and
information technology of China is
funding and supervising 6G research
and development in the country.
• European group of academic and
business authorities called Hexa-X is
advancing the study of 6G standards
across the EU Countries.
• Researchers from Adelaide
University in Australia and Osaka
University in Japan have created a
silicon based microprocessor with
unique multiplex to partition data
and allow for more effective
handling terahertz radiation.[4]
6G Research Challenges
To attain the world demand in technology
some challenging requirements in 6G
network should be achieved some of them
are discuss in this section
TeraHertz Band
The difficult challenge in the 6G networking
is the THz band. It provide high data rate the
high frequencies make overcoming the high
path loss is a great issue. For the long
distance communication the atmospheric
absorption and propagation loss are very
high. This is an important issue that needs to
be addressed. Because of the wider
bandwidth new multipath channel modes
need to be developed to overcome the
problem of frequency dispersion.
Device Capabilities
The devices which we use in these days
were not compatible with all the wireless
communication technology.
In these days different companies are
working on the devices that support 5G
these devices should be able to support 6G.
Devices supporting 6G wireless
communication should tolerate the 1 Tbps
data rate and high operating frequency.
Transceiver and Antenna Designs
6G wireless communication technology
support high frequency band in THz . The
transceiver of the 6G should be able to
support 6G technology having the antenna
design with the required size in nanometer
to micrometer.
Metasurface based transceivers could be the
solution to this issue to increase the quality
of surface.
White Paper on 6G issued by
Samsung and Huawei
In July,2020 Samsung has published the 6G
vision white paper entitled
“6G, The Next Hyper-Connected
Experience For All” where the company
presented its vision that 6G will provide an
ultimate experience for all through hyper-
connectivity involving humans and
everything. The whitepaper explained how
to enable 6G to be operational around 2030.
The company focused on the spectrum from
the low, mid and high band frequency
specially sub-THz band and upper mid-band
represent new enhancement in wireless
mobile communication research.
Similarly In April 2021 Huawei published
the white paper on the vision of 6G. In this
white paper the company present its view
on 6G vision exploring 6G key capabilities ,
new use cases and requirements, new
building blocks and network architecture
designs. Moreover Huawei published a book
on 6G name “6G: The Next Horizon”.
Conclusion
In these days technologies are improved and
new features are added that’s why new
generation of wireless communication
networks are developed to fulfill the future
demands. Therefore it is very important to
develop the latest communication system to
fulfill the technological needs of the future.
The working on the 6G has been under
process. Leading projects on 6G are
discussed in this report and the future trends
were also discussed. 6G will improve the
network performance, Quality of service
providing the smart society with everything
connected to the network.

References

[1] S. Mumtaz et al., “Terahertz

communication for vehicular
networks,”IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol.
66, no. 7, pp. 5617–5625, Jul. 2017.

[2] https://insidetelecom.com/6g-network-
countries-deploy/

[3] M. Giordani, M. Polese, M. Mezzavilla,

S. Rangan, and M. Zorzi,“Toward 6G
networks: Use cases and technologies,”
IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 55–
61, Mar. 2020

[4]https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/895
9607