University of Management and Technology

Assignment # 3
Course: AVIATION LAW
Resource Person: Muhammad Iqbal
khan
Submitted By: Zaka Ullah
Umar Munir
Student ID: S2022001007
S2022001017
Section: A1
 What are Jeppesen chart?
Jeppesen is a corporation based in the United States that
provides navigational information, operations planning tools,
flight planning solutions, and software.

Training for Private Pilots

When aviation first began, there were no government laws or
licenses governing aircraft development. Several pilot training
schools are located at airports known as fixed-based operators.

FBOs offer a number of services to pilots, including aircraft

rental, fueling, maintenance, parking, and the selling of pilot
supplies. There are two types of pilot training schools: FAA-
approved schools governed by FAR Part 141 and schools
governed by FAR Part 61. Both schools have FAA-certified
 flight instructors (CFIs) on staff who can provide dual
instruction in the aero plane.

In 11 Steps, Learn How to Brief a Jeppesen

Approach Chart
On approach charts, there is a lot to summaries, but adding a
pattern across the chart makes it much easier.

 Airport Name and Approach in Use

Before proceeding, introduce the method by ensuring that
you and any other crew members are looking at the same
chart.

 Chart Index Number and Revision Date

The chart index number is indicated by the circled number
at the top of the plate. This item, along with the chart's
revision date, should be briefed.

 Verify The Weather and Frequencies

 On the first line of the header, verify that you have the
current ATIS or METAR, and that relevant frequencies are
set

 Navigation And Approach Setup

Next, double-check that you've entered the right navigation
frequencies and final approach course. Check your knowledge
of the final approach fix altitude and the standard minimums
with the AGL radio altimeter value

 Are There Relevant Notes?

After verifying that the approach is set up correctly, read
the notes to make sure none apply to you. If notes apply,
brief any changes to the approach

 Planned Intercept Point and Altitude

On the plan view, brief your planned intercept point and
altitude. Consider setting backup navigation sources to
assist in identifying waypoints along the approach

 Step-Downs, VDP, Missed Approach Point

On the profile view, brief relevant step-down fixes. Keep in
mind, some approaches have an abundance of these step-
 downs, so you might want to be selective. If the approach
has a VDP, brief it, as well as what you're using to
determine distance. Finally, include the missed approach
point in your briefing

 Weather Minimums
Below the plan view, brief the minimums for the approach,
and what visibility requirement you need to
initiate/continue the approach

 Lighting And Missed Approach Instructions

Brief the type of runway lighting you'll see at break-out,
and if there's a PAPI/VASI on either side of the runway. To
the right, you'll find an easy-to-read graphical depiction of
the missed approach instructions

 Stopping Distance, Runway Distance, And

Planned Exit
If you don't have a specific taxiway in mind, brief which
side of the runway you'll plan to exit on. That way, you're
not scrambling on the ground in low visibility trying to
decide which way to turn

 How Will the Approach Be Flown?

If you're planning to use autopilot on the approach, brief
which modes you'll use and when
Navigation Information
 VOR Navigation
 ADF Navigation
 Advanced Navigation

VOR Navigation
With over 1,000 stations in service, the very high frequency
omnidirectional range (VOR) is the most extensively used radio
navigation system in the United States. Even as other navigation
systems gain popularity, VORs will remain a vital component of
the airspace system for the foreseeable future.

VOR/DME and VORTAC facilities additionally provide

distance information to aircraft equipped with distance
measurement equipment, whereas basic VOR systems solely
provide course guidance (DME). A VORTAC is a combination
of a VOR and a military navigational aid known as a TACAN.
The portion of the TACAN system that gives distance
information is used by civil aviation.
ADF Navigation
The earliest form of electronic navigation currently in use is
navigation utilizing nondirectional radio beacons (NDBs). The
technique of navigating between these beacons, known as radio
direction finding in the early days of flight, required situating
the airplane's antenna to receive and interpret bearing
information. The method was eventually enhanced so that the
airborne receiver automatically tracked a previously tuned
station.

Although the use of NDBs has declined since the invention of

VOR systems in the 1940s, automatic direction finder (ADF)
technology remains a vital navigation instrument. Non-
directional radio beacons (NDBs) send low/medium frequency
(L/MF) transmissions ranging from 190 to 535 kHz.

Advanced Navigation
Most current navigation technology is designed to allow you to
fly any desired course within the coverage of a station's
guidance signals or within the boundaries of a self-contained
system. This sort of navigation, known as area navigation
(RNAV), is the fundamental mechanism utilized by a wide
range of equipment, including VORTAC-based area navigation
systems, long range navigation systems, inertial navigation
systems, and global positioning systems.

Valid Jeppesen Private Pilot License

Although the private pilot certificate never expires, there
are particular currency criteria that must be met in order to
continue serving as pilot in command and are detailed in
the FARs. To function as pilot in charge, you must
successfully pass a flight review every 24 calendar months.
At least one hour of ground training and one hour of flying
instruction make up the flight review, which can be given
by a CFI. Your skill in carrying out pilot operations and
maneuvers is assessed throughout the evaluation, together
with your understanding of current rules and procedures.
According to the flight review, you must have completed at
least three takeoffs and landings in the same category and
class of aircraft during the 90 days prior to acting as the
pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers.
Remember that these are the basic criteria for the currency.
You must fly frequently and complete periodic refresher
training with an instructor if you want to keep up your skill.