Siena College, Inc.

Quezon City
Service Education Department
Passion for Truth and Compassion for Humanity

Name: Ian Jay Cailing Year & Course: BSE-VED IV Date: ____________

Philosophy and Models of Filipino Values

ESSAY. Based on what you have learned in the presentation on the Philosophy and Models of
Filipino Values, answer comprehensively the items below. Write your answer in the space
provided.

Criteria in Grading Essay

Content – 10
Cohesiveness – 10
Sentence construction – 5

1. Discuss the philosophies and models of Filipino values.

Leonardo N. Mercado, non-dualistic philosophical view. He believes that Filipinos seek
peace not just with one another, but also with nature and religion, while being
nondichotomous. The Filipino idea of soul and spirit is part of his ancestral religion's
world view. All material objects can be thought to have life, and all spiritual entities can
be thought to have material dimensions. A river and a stone may be considered alive by a
rural Filipino. This conviction is reflected in the Kankanai idea of ab-abiik. Similarly, a
spirit can be regarded as possessing bodily characteristics. Because harmony is the core
of Filipino philosophy, the ethical man is one who is in harmony with his body, soul, and
spirit. The spirit of a bad guy is out of sync with his body and soul. The concept of
pagbabalikloob (conversion), which literally means returning to the original sweetness of
one's kalooban, exemplifies the idea of essential harmony. As a result, the philosophy of
the spirit is linked to the philosophy of loob (Mercado, 1994).
Florentino Timbreza, he explores the natural and moral realms, confronting unresolved
questions and problems that have long plagued humanity: a person's primordial search for
the meaning of existence, the concepts of life and death, evil, God and the human soul,
ecology and way of life, and timely or topical issues such as terrorism, violence and
nonviolence, coups, sex selection, and abortion (Dr. Florentino T. Timbreza, 2004).
The Exogenous Model or the Foreign Model, described as a "legal and formal" model,
the foreign model was inherited by Filipinos from western cultures, particularly the
Spaniards and Americans (Model of Filipino, 2017).
Indigenous model is described as a "traditional and non-formal" model or guide that is
deeply embedded in the Filipino subconscious (Model of Filipino, 2017).
2. Point out how these philosophies and models help us analyze and understand Filipino
values.
Understanding our values can help us live a more meaningful life that is in line
with what we want and feel is right. It is critical to remember that values are not
the same as objectives, according to Psychologist Russ Harris. A value is not
something you can simply check off or acquire (Home, 2022).
The Views and models of Filipino values impact and influence how we work and
live. The views like Leonardo Mercado and Florentino Timbreza had enable us to
look deeper into our past and the things we do daily affects us and others in the
future. This is what they are trying to let us see with their views. Learn more
about who we are and how you may live and work with us. There is no need to
replace Filipino values with Western ideals if you want Filipinos to become
effective. Filipinos already have amazing values that, if reinforced, would result
in a fantastic workplace culture. Filipinos do better at work when they act in
accordance with their values. Filipinos care about their communities. Expect them
to be a different person once they enter your office. Instead, allow them to shine
where they are (Menguin, 2021).