Addressing Social Concerns and Phenomena Objectives: analyze the practical use of Social Sciences in addressing social concerns and phenomena Examine the key concepts and ideas of Filipino thinkers in the Social Sciences rooted in Filipino language/s and experiences: a. 19th Century (Andress Bonifacio, Jose Rizal, others) (HUMSS_DIS 11-IVe-1) b. 20th – 21st Century (Sikolohiyang Pilipino, Pantayong Pananaw, others) (HUMSS_DIS 11-IVf-3) Let Us Try Identify who is being described in each sentence. Write your answers in the blank provided before each number. ________________ 1. He wrote El Filibusterismo. ________________ 2. He is the Father of Sikolohiyang Pilipino. ________________ 3. He was known as the “Brains of the Revolution.” ________________ 4. He believed that Philippine history should be written in the local language or dialect. ________________ 5. He advocated the “Filipino First Policy.” ________________ 6. He is the Father of Filipino Socialism. ________________ 7. He believed that “our education should instil love for work, spirit of tolerance, respect for law, love for peace and practice thrift.” ________________ 8. He was elected as the Commonwealth president in 1935. ________________ 9. He is the “Brains of Katipunan.” ________________ 10. He started La Liga Filipina with the job of enlightening the minds of the people. Analyze the picture and answer the questions in the blank provided.
a. How does your environment affect your life?
b. Why do you think this phenomenon happen?
Important Thinkers of the Revolutionary Period JOSE RIZAL (REFORMIST) (1861–1996) JOSE RIZAL The most influential figure of the Revolutionary period was Jose Rizal penned two of his most important works Noli Me Tangere (1887) El Filibusterismo (1891) claimed that the form of revolution that the Philippines needed to go through is that of intellectual revolution JOSE RIZAL Believed that every Filipino should be educated well on the concepts and exercise of freedom and it can only be attained by educating the masses of the truth – a truth that is based on science and rational thinking, and non from the morality-based education provided by the Church. Important Thinkers of the Revolutionary Period ANDRES BONIFACIO (1863 – 1897) ANDRES BONIFACIO a member of the Liga , founded by Rizal Bonifacio is the founder of the revolutionary society, Katipunan “a man’s worth is not measured by his stations in life either by the height of his nose nor the fairness of skin, and certainly not by whether he is a priest claiming to be God’s deputy. Even if he is a tribesman from the hills and speaks only his own tongue, a man is an honorable man if he possesses good character, is true to his word, has fine perceptions, and is loyal to his native land.” Important Thinkers of the Revolutionary Period APOLINARIO MABINI (1864 – 1903) APOLINARIO MABINI the “Sublime Paralytic” and the “Brains of the Revolution.” Mabini was born to an illiterate farmer and market vendor with seven other children in Tanauan, Batangas he received scholarships and part-time jobs teaching children, which allowed him to complete a bachelor of Arts degree at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and a Bachelor of Laws at UST. APOLINARIO MABINI In 1895, was struck with polio and lost the capacity of his lower limbs. most influential writings: El Verdadero Decálogo (The True Decalogue) Ordenanza de la Revolución (The Ordinance of the Revolution) Believed “humans are naturally good “ APOLINARIO MABINI “True liberty is only for what is good and never for what is evil; it is always in accordance with reason and the upright and honest conscience of the individual.” distinguished “reason” as a key element in the citizens’ participation in political life APOLINARIO MABINI It is also the same element that should guide revolutions because without reason, such movement will be mere futile, if not disastrous for the society. It is clearly synonymous with Rizal’s call of reliance on the “Truth.” Important Thinkers of the Revolutionary Period VIRGILIO ENRIQUEZ (1942 -1994) VIRGILIO ENRIQUEZ considered the Father of Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) Sikolohiyang Pilipino is a scientific study derived from the experience, ideas, and cultural orientation of the Filipinos (Yacat 2013). ○ or Indigenous Filipino Psychology, is also known as Kapwa’s Psychology Kapwa Psychology draws from folk practices as much as from modern theory perceives no contradiction between indigenous folk beliefs and modern psychological concepts and scientific norms includes in its study the IKSP of healing from the Babaylan and Albolaryos (native shamans and healers) Kapwa Psychology implies a call for social action Scholars and students are encouraged to go to the villages to learn from the people and in turn, serve them with the gain knowledge. Kapwa Psycholog y Core Values or Kapwa (Togetherness) Two categories of kapwa: 1. Ibang Tao (outsider) • Pakikitungo: civility • Pakikisalamuha: act of mixing • Pakikilahok: act of joining • Pakikibagay: act of conformity • Pakikisama: Being united with the group Examples of Filipino Values: Hospitality - the friendly and generous reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers Utang na loob – debt of gratitude. Bahala na – fatalism or determination and being a risk taker. Bahala na ang Diyos (God will take care of us) Core Values or Kapwa (Togetherness) Two categories of kapwa: 2. Hindi Ibang Tao (insider/one-of-us) Pakikipagpalagayang-loob: Act of mutual trust Pakikisangkot: Act of joining others Pakikipagkaisa: being one with others Pivotal interpersonal Value Another significant Filipino value is that of pakikiramdam (shared inner perception), which is considered as the pivotal interpersonal value. Within this value, Filipinos use their inner perception of the other’s emotion in order to interact with them efficiently. Linking Socio-personal Values our practice of pakikipagkapwa is that of kagandahang loob (shared humanity), in which this value shows an act of charity toward others. The practice of bayanihan or community- based action entails the participation of the community on a task that is meant to improve the quality of life and livelihood of the members of the locality Accommodative Surface Values The bayanihan or any form of kagandahang loob is always framed within another set of Filipino values, labeled as accommodative surface values. These values include hiya (propriety/dignity), utang na loob (debt of gratitude), and pakikisama (esteem/companionship). Confrontative Surface Values Confrontative surface values that Filipinos exhibited especially when confronted by difficult situation these include bahala na (determination), lakas ng loob (guts/courage), and pakikibaka (resistance). Societal Values Filipinos also hold societal values, which he called pagpapahalagang panlipunan. These values include karangalan (honor), katarungan (justice), and kalayaan (freedom), which are essential to the preservation of Filipino societal order and harmony. Moreover, these values shape a psychological unity among Filipino communities as they build a common perception of moral obligation to other community who are considered members as kapwa. Important Thinkers of the Revolutionary Period Zeus A. Salazar (1934 – Present) Zeus A. Salazar one of the Filipino scholars who were trained and whose methods were derived from the West, and he argued for a shift in perspective. developed his lifelong crusade for a nationalist brand of history that became a staple perspective for the next generation of history students, the pantayong pananaw. Key Arguments of the Pantayong Pananaw The primary argument of the pantayong pananaw is the need to reorient contemporary historians on the “right” way of reconstructing the past based on who is talking for whom, with whom, and to whom According to Salazar, there are three perspectives by which Philippine history was and is being written. 1. Pangkayong Pananaw (from-you-for-us) This perspective is used by Western historians – who used their own cultural background and their countries’ politico- economic agenda – in framing the events that transpired in our country. According to Salazar, there are three perspectives by which Philippine history was and is being written. 2. Pangkaming Pananaw (from-us-for-you) The “pangkaming” perspective launched works on the Philippines made by Filipinos for Western consumption. It is used when a native talk to outsiders or foreigners regarding his or her own society and culture. The main goal of the pangkaming pananaw is to correct the erroneous Western analysis of the Philippine context. According to Salazar, there are three perspectives by which Philippine history was and is being written. 3. Pantayong Pananaw (from-us-for-us) Philippine history should be written and consumed primarily by Filipinos. To achieve this goal, a key element needs to be addressed – using the Filipino language in transmitting knowledge. All its members use concepts and manifest habits and behaviors whose meanings can be understood by all, like when we say “We Filipinos” (Tayong mga Pilipino), Local Language for Discourse According to Salazar, Philippine history should be written in the local language or dialect for two important reasons: First, the local terms, when transposed to Western language, lose their actual meanings and historical significance. Second, our history should be discussed among ourselves and not for the others. The use of local language characterizes the pantayong pananaw. Local Language for Discourse Salazar urged the Filipino nation to have a talastasang bayan oriented toward discussion of Philippine history for the Filipinos and by the Filipinos. Our forefathers provided us a corpus of academic studies that served to teach and inspire. Their studies is considered as the basis of Philippine Social Science, which was not detached from reality and applied to the needs and conditions of their times. Social Science, was about revealing the nature of social reality. It implied that there were things to do in order to correct or improve people’s current material condition and consciousness. -Salazar Let Us Practice: Option A Instructions: Make a poem based on the indigenous concepts. Choose only one (1) from the concepts below. You may use the local language. 1. Utang na loob 2. Pakikisama/Pakikisalamuha 3. Bayanihan 4. Hiya 5. Pagdamay Rubrics for the poem Let Us Practice: Option A Instructions: Make a comic strip based on the indigenous concepts. Choose only one (1) from the concepts below. Use only the local language. 1. Utang na loob 2. Pakikisama/Pakikisalamuha 3. Bayanihan 4. Hiya 5. Pagdamay Rubrics for the poem