SOC 120 Urban Sociology

Causes and Consequences of

Informal settlement:
A case study on Brgy. Del Remedio, San Pablo City

Ladringan, Maligaya, Ramirez, & Soriao

12-4-2015
 “a Pa lo Cit , also k o as the it of se e lakes , as du ed as the hea t of the
“outhe Tagalog egio e ause of its lo atio as a ajo stop la d f o Met o Ma ila to the
southe egio of the ou t . It as a st ategi o e fo “a Pa lo to e o e the ajo it
fo tou is , edu atio , o u i atio , o e e a d go e e t i the “outhe Tagalog
Regio . Majo tou ist desti atio s i “a Pa lo i lude; “a Pa lo Cathed al, Gusali g Pa halaa ,
Fule Mal a Ma ssio , “a palo Lake “tai a a d Do a Leo ila Pa k, Old Mu i ipio, Iglesia Ni
C isto, Rizal Mo u e t, Ba ta og g ga Ba a i, Ba ta og g Kagiti ga , a d T ese Ma ti ez
Mo u e t. It is su ou ded si u i ipalities a d o e it ; Ala i os, Lagu a est , Calaua ,
Lagu a o th est , Rizal a d Nag a la , Lagu a o theast , Tiao g a d Dolo es, Quezo
southeast a d Lipa Cit , Bata gas south est . All of hi h a e e t poi ts to the it of “a
Pa lo.

“a Pa lo Cit is a u a -ag i ultu al o u it ith a total la d a ea of , he ta es

DENR-La d Ma age e t Bu eau figu e ith se e ate lakes, fi e i e s a d eight eeks. The
it has its high p odu tio i te s of poult eggs, o , egeta les, pi eapple a d oot ops
ut least i te s of i e, li esto k a d poult eat. Cu e tl , the e a e oope ati es a d
people’s o ga izatio i the it , ith , fa e s a d fishe folks as e e s.

Bei g su ou ded othe u i ipalities of Lagu a a d Quezo , “a Pa lo e a e the

e t e of o e e of t ade a d se i es. Fo the past ea s, sa i-sa i sto es o etail sto es
e a e the fi st o e ial esta lish e t dist i uted a o g the a a ga s. Othe
esta lish e ts i lude, ul a izi g shops, ele t i al a d epai shop, ate i g, hotels, ake
o di g, photog aph a d studios, upholste shops, ete i a li i s, lo ks iths, shoe sto es,
alls, outi ues, ag i-p odu ts, a d supe a kets. “a Pa lo “hoppi g Mall hi h as
esta lished o a d i itiall ope ated ith pe a e t e plo ees a d asual e plo ees
u de the Offi e of the Cit T easu e , o se es as the e t e of the it ith a total la d a ea
of . he ta es.

Ha i g , he ta es total la d a ea, ith a a ga s- u al a a ga s a d u a

a a ga s, “a Pa lo it is the fifth ost populous pla e i Lagu a. The u a de sit a ea
lassifi atio is . pe so s pe he ta e hile the e a e pe so s pe he ta e i u al a eas.
B g . II-A has the highest de sit ith pe so s pe he ta e hile B g , Atisa , B g . “a
C isto al a d B g . “a Jose ha e the least de sit ut ha e the la ge la d a eas. As of , the
o ki g age populatio of “a Pa lo Cit ea hed pe e t , of the total populatio .
 “ou e: N“O,“a Pa lo Cit .

With the de elop e t of “a Pa lo it , the e as a i ease i ig a ts, a of hi h

e a e i fo al settle s. Most ig a ts a e f o u al a eas to seek jo s i the u a setti g
Mossesgeld, . A o di g to UN-Ha itat as ited o Colli s Adjei Me sah a d K. B A t i’s
stud , u a houses a e said to e i fo al he the did ot u de go p o ess of p ope
egulato f a e o k a d la s i te s of housi g o the said a ea. To add ess the auses of
i fo al settle e t, Philippi e go e e t esta lished Natio al “lu Upg adi g “t ateg N“U“ ,
it as fo ulated to guide the atio al a d lo al go e e t u its i i p o i g the slu
o u ities a d the lifest le of the i fo al settle s espe iall i the ities it as i ple e ted
i . This p oje t as led the Vi e P eside t of the Philippi es, Jejo a Bi a togethe ith
othe o -go e e t o ga izatio s.

With this t e d of i easi g i fo al settle e ts i u a a eas, it is esse tial to u o e

the easo s of i fo al settle s that led the to the de isio to li e i a la d that the do ot o .
The esea h ill ide tif the i u sta es i the o te t of the Philippi es, spe ifi all i B g .
Del Re edio. It is o l del i g i to thei life e pe ie e that e ill e a le to ha e a g asp of
the p o ess the e t th ough o a e still goi g th ough. This pe spe ti e ill help the o -
i fo al settle s to u de sta d these people a d pe haps aid i st e gthe i g a d i p o i g ou
la s a d p og a s that add ess the fa to s that lead to i fo al settle e t.

Most of the lite atu e look i to ases of i fo al settle e t i diffe e t ou t ies. O e of

these is a stud hi h ide tified the a s o ho the i fo al settle s of Papua Ne Gui ea
gai ed thei a ess o the la ds he e the settle i the u e t ti e. “i e the lo ost housi g
is li ited i the u a a ea i Papua Ne Gui ea, the people ho a 't affo d housi g eso ted to
i fo al settle e t, the gai ed a ess o the la d ha i g a lose ki ship ith the la d o es
see Nu asa & Ko z e ski, . A othe stud o u a i fo al settle s e e o du ted
Ali a d “ulai a he e the put the la e o the u a izatio as the oot ause of the
e io e tal a d/o so io-e o o i p o le s o u i g i )a zi a su h as 'pollutio ,
defo estatio , floodi g, aste of ag i ultu al la ds, et .' a d the o side ed that the i fo al
settle s pla a ajo pa t of those e i o e tal a d/o so io-e o o i p o le s. Fu the o e,
the u e t lite atu e that a e situated i the Philippi es look i to ases of i fo al settle e t
a ou d the i i it of Met o Ma ila. Fo i sta e, a stud Lag a .d. , looks at the i fo al
settle e ts i the o u ities of Looka , Meha , a d La ado hi h a e all lo ated i Quezo
Cit , as a fo of spatial out o es a d e e da esista e the i fo al settle s. Little is k o
a out u a i fo al settle e ts that a e fa f o Ma ila a d a e su ou ded u al a eas.
The efo e, the pu pose of this stud is to dete i e the auses of i fo al settle e t i B g . Del
Re edio a d its effe ts to the lo ale of “a Pa lo Cit . This stud ill e guided the follo i g
o je ti es:

. To p o ide a i id des iptio o the u e t situatio of these i fo al settle s.

. To dete i e the push a d pull fa to s that esulted to the i fo al settle e t i B g . Del

Re edio, “a Pa lo.

. To ide tif the effe ts of the i fo al settle e t to “a Pa lo Cit .

Re ie of Lite atu e

To tho oughl dis uss the e isti g od of k o ledge elated to the topi , this e ie of
lite atu e is di ided i to th ee pa ts. The fi st pa t i t odu es the o ept of i fo al settle e t,
follo ed the se tio that dis usses the auses of i fo al settle e t. The last pa t deals ith
the o se ue es of i fo al settle e t.

Defi i g I fo al “ettle e t

Befo e del i g i to the topi at ha d, this se tio ill fi st look i to the a i g defi itio s
of i fo al settle e t. The la k of a si gle defi itio , has led to d asti dis epa ies i the
esti atio of the populatio of i fo al settle s. Th ough e plo i g the e isti g defi itio s, the
esea he s ill ide tif hi h defi itio ill est e o pass the o je ti es of the stud .

The Natio al Ce sus Offi e NCO a d the Ce sus of Populatio a d Housi g CPH
i thei latest populatio e sus defi ed i fo al settle s as households o up i g a lot e t-f ee
ithout the o se t of the o e , thei stud esulted to , households. O the othe ha d,
the Natio al Housi g Autho it NHA i di ated that , , households all o e the
ou t a e o side ed as i fo al settle s. This is u de the defi itio p o ided RA o
the U a De elop e t a d Housi g A t of hi h states that ho eless o u de p i ileged
itize s a e households i u a o u a iza le a eas hose o e all household i o e falls ithi
the po e t th eshold as set the Natio al E o o i a d De elop e t Autho it a d ho do
 ot o thei o housi g fa ilities, this i ludes those ho li e i ake-shift d elli g u its a d
do ot ha e the se u it of te u e.

To esol e this, the Housi g a d U a De elop e t a d Coo di ati g Cou il HUDCC

p oposed that a si gle defi itio , hi h fo used o the spatial atu e of i fo al
settle e ts, e used. HUDCC defi ed i fo al settle s as households li i g i lots ithout the
o se t of the p ope t o e , da ge a eas, a eas fo go e e t i f ast u tu e p oje ts,
p ote ted o fo est a eas e ludi g i dige ous people , a eas fo p io it de elop e t, a d othe
go e e t/ pu li la ds ot i te ded fo ha itatio . Ho e e , othe o e ed go e e t
u its a e aski g fo fu the ope atio alizatio of the te s.

“ulai a defi ed i fo al settle e ts as eside tial housi g u its uilt o

u pla ed a d pla ed a eas ithout fo al app o al fo the o e ed od . “i ila l ,
i fo al settle e ts a e also o side ed as spa es utilized fo e o o i a d housi g pu poses
i di idual ho do ot o the , this a t a iolatio of the ights of the o e a d the poli ies
a d p og a s of the autho ities Lag a , .d. . Goi g e o d the spatial aspe ts of i fo al
settle e t UN-HABITAT ha a te ized i fo al settle e ts as o e hi h is u pla ed, has
i fo al o u se u ed p ope t te u e, has a i ade uate o o -pa ti ipatio i go e e t
esulti g to la k of asi se i es, egist atio , a d i f ast u tu e , a d has a ul e a ilit of
dis i i atio fo the eside ts. The stud ill e plo this defi itio of i fo al settle e ts
a d/o settle s.

Causes of I fo al “ettle e t

Va ious studies ha e e plo ed the possi le auses of o fa to s that lead to i fo al

settle e t. “tudies sho si ila fi di gs, poi ti g to u a izatio , o e populatio , a d
sho t o i gs of the go e e t as the ause fo the i ease i i fo al settle s.

A stud o the e e ge e of slu s i Ka pala it poi ted to the failu e of past st u tu e

pla s to ate fo de elop e t of Af i a eigh o hoods a d a eas, la d te u e e ha is s,
apid u a izatio oupled ith populatio g o th, a d po e t a d lo i o es U ited Natio s
Hu a “ettle e ts P og a e, .A o i atio of these fa to s g aduall lead to the
u e t situatio of the it , he ei i fo al settle e ts a e e u h p e ale t. O the othe
ha d, Ali a d “ulai a i thei stud of i fo al settle e ts i )a zi a , ide tified
u a izatio , la d elated issues, po e t , a d so io- ultu al fa to e jo i g the “ ahili life o
togethe ess a o g eigh o s as the ai easo s fo the e e ge e of slu s. The fu the
ela o ated la d elated issues i to de elop e t o t ol e ha is s, dist i utio of -a e plots,
i ade uate fo al la d dist i utio , a d la k of esou es.

“i ila l , El-Bat a a d A a del looked at populatio g o th, housi g poli , a d

a ess to u a la d as the oot ause of i fo al settle e t e pa sio . A o di g to UN-
HABITAT’s e a i atio of i fo al settle e ts i Koso o, i fo al settle e ts de elop
e ause of u affo da le la d a d housi g fo lo i o e g oups, a se e of ti el u a
pla i g a d la d a age e t, a se e of poli fo i teg atio of lo i o e g oups,
populatio ig atio a d apid u a g o th, la k of esou es of the u a autho it ,
i espo si le su di isio of la d p i ate la d o e s, a d la k of e fo e e t of ules due to
eak a d i effe ti e go e e ts.

O the othe ha d, the e a e also a ious theo eti al pe spe ti es that seek to e plai the
phe o e o of i fo al settle e t. The e a e fou disti t theo ies that e plai the
de elop e t of i fo al settle e ts i de elopi g a eas. The la d a age e t theo states
that i stitutio al fa to s su h as i effi ie of u a autho ities, poo la d a age e t
p a ti es, a d i ade uate u a pla i g s he es, leads to the e e ge e of i fo al settle s
Fekade, . O the othe ha d, the de a d a d suppl dise uili iu theo li ks i fo al
settle e t to e o o i fa to s su h as the i ala e et ee de a d a d suppl of u a la d,
i f ast u tu es, a d se i es Jakopse , Hasa , & Al a, . The olo ial lega theo a gues
that the de elop e t of i fo al settle e ts a e ought a out politi al a d histo i al fa to s
De us a & A old, . This theo puts e phasis olo ialis , post olo ial p a ti es, a d
i il a d politi al i sta ilities. The fou th o e a gues that the i t odu tio of a e e o o i
s ste g eatl affe t the apid g o th of i fo al settle e ts Hu hze e e, . The
i ade uate e o o theo suggests that th ough the i t odu tio of u a t ade, i o e a d
lass diffe e es e o e spatiall e ide t a d lead to so ial e lusio a d eside tial
dis i i atio agai st i fo al settle s.

The a i g theo ies a d fi di gs a out the auses of i fo al settle e t sho s us the

o ple it of this phe o e o . Thus, it is esse tial that the esea he s e plo e all possi le
fa to s that o t i ute to the de elop e t of i fo al settle e ts.

Co se ue es of I fo al “ettle e t
 Most of the e isti g lite atu e o the o se ue es of i fo al settle e t ha e fo used
o its egati e effe ts. This stud ill go e o d that, a d e plo e the possi le o t i utio s of
these i fo al settle e ts to the g o th of the it .

Li i g i i fo al settle e ts ha e se e e e i o e tal isks e ause of the la k of

d ai age a d u o t olled solid a d li uid aste a age e t Be e e & Dessie, . The sa e
stud also i di ated that the la k of a ess to i p o ed sa itatio , i p ope h gie e,
u o fo ta le housi g, a d o e o di g i ease the isk fa to fo dia hea. O the othe ha d,
“ulai a a d Ali fo used o the e i o e tal effe ts of i fo al settle e t su h as,
pollutio of ate sou es, defo estatio , pollutio fo solid a d li uid astes, floodi g,
e oa h e t of good ag i ultu al la d, a d hi de s a essi ilit o spa e fo a ess oads a d
othe so ial se i es . Balleste os also li ked e i o e tal deg adatio a d i fo al
settle e ts usi g a eas su h as BA“ECO, “ oke Mou tai , a d Ma ggaha East a d West
flood a , a o g othe s, as setti gs that ela o ate the fi di gs of the stud .

“i ila l , Me sah ide tified the o se ue es of u autho ized st u tu es at

A oa o as, floodi g, o e o di g, poo sa itatio , i ade uate asi i f ast u tu es, poo o
diffi ult a essi ilit , a d so ial i es. O the othe ha d, Lag a .d. ide tified the
o t i utio s of slu ased usi esses a d du ed it as the u ta a le e o o .

Co lusio

The e isti g od of lite atu e p o ided a e te si e od of k o ledge that a ea

useful guide fo the esea he s. The defi itio of so e te s e.g. i fo al settle e t as also
adapted f o this e ie of lite atu e. O the othe ha d, the se tio o the e isti g studies o
o se ue es of i fo al settle e t e phasizes the k o ledge gap that this stud ai s to
lesse .

Theo eti al F a e o k

I fo al settle e ts a e ostl ha a te ized a eas hi h is la ki g of ualit houses,

poo i f ast u tu e a d i ade uate so ial se i es eeded the people li i g i these a eas Ali,
. Ma studies ha e sho the diffe e t so ial o ditio s ausi g these people to go i to
i fo al settle e ts e.g. po e t . The also sho ed that failed go e e t pla i g
de elop e t ould lead to e e ge e of i fo al settle e ts. Based f o the stud o du ted
Me sah i , the e a e diffe e t aspe ts that ould ause the e e ge e of this ki d of
settle e t a eas. These a e the so io-e o o i , ultu al, i stitutio al, ph si al, politi al a d lastl
histo i al fa to s. Lo -le el i o e, high- e t ha ges, u al-u a ig atio a d lo le el of
edu atio e e ide tified as so io-e o o i fa to s that ould affe t i fo al esettli g. Religious
easo s a d a iage a e o side ed as ultu al fa to s that affe t the de isio of i di iduals to
t a sfe f o o e pla e to a othe . The p o le i the u eau a of housi g p og a s a d the
i ade ua of de elop e t p og a s the go e e t affe t the e iste e of i fo al
settle e ts i stitutio all a d politi all . Lastl , the ph si al featu e of a a ea a d the histo i al
he itage of su h a e also o side ed as easo s fo people to ig ate i these a eas ega dless
of the se u it of a ualit ho e.

O the othe ha d, past studies ha e sho the effe ts of i fo al settle s to the

e io e t a d to the u a a eas i hi h the li e. I fo al settle s ha e e o e a atu al
featu e o a u a a ea Tse ko a, . Based o the elated studies o du ted Fe guso
a d Rojas & Magalhaes , the e a e fa to s leadi g to p o le s ought the
e iste e of i fo al settle e ts. O e is the la k of oad et o k. “e o d, i fo al settle s a e
u h o e ul e a le to diseases e ause the usuall sta i de se a eas. The thi d a d fou th
fa to s a e the a aila ilit of sta le ele t i o e tio a d a ess to pota le d i ki g ate . Lastl ,
the e iste e of u pla ed settle e t a eas lead to pollutio that ill e e tuall ause a
hi d a e to de elop e t e ause of the dest u tio of the atu al esou es ithi the a ea
hi h i fo al settle e ts a e fo ed. O the othe ha d, La sa g , ga e a diffe e t ie
a out i fo al settle s. He ie ed the o ditio s of i fo al settle s as pa t of the it
e io e t. He ie ed slu a eas as a ea s fo lo -i o e ig a ts to su i e i u a a eas.
I suppo t to La sa g, Jo a o said that i fo al settle e ts a e fo ed as a p o ess of
adaptatio of the u al ig a ts to utilize the e i o e t the li e i a d to o ti ue the so ial
p o esses the a e used to e ou te . Jo a o also fo used i stud i g the so ial o ga izatio s,
alues, o als a d eha io of the slu people. I elatio to this, La uia a gued that
e e though i fo al settle s a e see ith egati e o otatio s e ause of the st u tu e of
thei li i g e i o e t, the usuall ha e a st o g se se of o u it . He also stated that the
usuall possess a i te se le el of lose ess a d a a ade ie that a e used to e plo effe ti e
solutio s to the p o le s ought the e iste e of slu a eas. The efo e, i fo al settle s a e
ot just e ipie ts of go e e t esettle e t p og a s ut the a e also apa le of fo i g
o e e ts i o de to esist elo atio a d p opose alte ati e solutio s to add ess thei
o e s “ta ke, . These studies a e used i o de to fu the u de sta d the diffe e t
 o ditio s of people li i g i side i fo al settle e ts a d thei pe eptio of thei o so ial
i u sta e.

Methodolog

A ualitati e esea h app oa h as used fo this stud . Follo i g the p i iples of a

olle ti e ase stud , the esea he s e plo ed ultiple- ou ded s ste s o e ti e, th ough
detailed i depth data olle tio i ol i g ultiple sou es of i fo atio a d epo t a ase-
des iptio a d ase- ased the es C es ell, Ha so , Cla k Pla o, & Mo ales, . The stud
hose the i fo al settle s i “a Pa lo Cit B g . Del Re edio as its ta get u i e se a d
e plo ed a pu posi e sa pli g ethod.

The esea he s hose B g . Del Re edio e ause of its p o i it to the it p ope . Mo e

so, it’s ei g su ou ded u al a eas p o ides a i te esti g o te t fo its g o th. The stud
has a total of espo de ts, i fo al settle s hi h ill e efe ed to as Pa ti ipa t A, B, C,
a d so o , t o a a ga offi ials o e ou ilo a d the a a ga hai a , a d o e offi ial
fo the u i ipal hall of “a Pa lo. Data as olle ted ai l f o i depth se i-st u tu ed
th th th
i te ie s, o du ted du i g the , ,a d da of No e e . Data gathe ed f o the
said i te ie s, as supple e ted o se atio s a d e isti g do u e ts. A the ati a al sis
ithi ase a al sis a d oss- ase a al sis of t a s i ed i te ie s as used to ide tif the
e e gi g the es a d aspe ts that e e highlighted the espo de ts.

Results a d Dis ussio

Ta le1. Respo de t P ofile

Respo de t Age Se O upatio Pla e of O igi No. of ea s li i g

i B g . Del
Re edio
A F House ife Bi ol
B M “a i-sa i sto e o e Ma ila
C M Reti ed “a Pa lo E i Basa
D M D i e /Me ha i Lu e a
E F House ife Ala i os
F F House ife Quezo P o i e
 G F “a i-sa i sto e o e Caloo a
H F Bake o e “to. To as, Bata gas o ths
I F House ife Quezo P o i e
J F House ife Pa a a ue

B g . Del Re edio P ofile

B g . Del Re edio has o e of the la gest populatio of i fo al settle s ased o offi ial
e o ds f o the u i ipalit of “a Pa lo. A o di g to o e of the e plo ee of “a Pa lo it
hall, this a a ga is o e of the a a ga i luded i thei at h list e ause of the high i e
ates. B g . Del Re edio has di e se itize s, ost of the itize s o igi ated f o the p o i e
hile so e a e f o the u a pla es su h as NCR. Most of the itize s e e eithe a a e o
i fo ed a out the p oje ts hi h the a a ga offi ials a ted to i ple e t.

The itize s a e lassified a o di g to the t pe of housi g ate ials a d also to the

lo atio of thei houses. Fa i g the a a ga hall, the ight side of the a a ga is a ail a a d i
the iddle, the e is a e e ted oad. O the left side, alo g ith the a a ga hall, ajo it of
the houses a e full o ete a d ost of the people the e ha e uilt a s all s ale usi esses su h
as sa i-sa i sto es, st eet foods stalls, ake shops, a d so e o pute e t shops o oe
o o l k o as piso- et. O the ight side of the ail a , houses a e eithe se i- o ete
a d se i-pl ood, o full pl ood. As the oad e ds, the u e of o ete houses egi to
de li e a d houses ade of light ate ials a e e ide t i eithe left of ight side of the oad.

Citize s ha e diffe e t sou es of li i g. The e is a e tai skill att i uted to people o i g

f o diffe e t pla es. A o di g to o e of the a a ga ou ilo s, those people f o Ma i du ue
a e good ith steel o ks e ause it's the usual jo of people f o that p o i e. “o e of the
eside ts ha e uilt s all s ale usi esses, ost of the a e eithe o ki g i fa to ies, o ki g
i the ju k shop, o o ki g i t a spo tatio s ithi the a a ga . O the oad the e a e t i les,
hile o the ail a , the ha e a t olle s ste hi h ope ates alo g the ail a s.

Causes of I fo al Settle e t

As e ealed f o the i te ie s o du ted ith the espo de ts, this se tio ill dis uss
the a i g push a d pull fa to s that esulted to the i fo al settle e t i B g . Del Re edio.
The push fa to s that lead to thei ig atio a e i o e elated. Respo de ts o igi ati g f o
u al a eas Respo de t E de ided to o e to the it e ause of la k of jo oppo tu ities o due
to lo i o e f o thei p e ious jo s. O the othe ha d, espo de ts o i g f o othe u a
a eas e e displa ed f o thei p e ious jo s. Fu the o e, the also poi ted out the high ost
of li i g i thei pla e of o igi . As stated Respo de t B Mahi ap a g uha sa Ma ila, ahal
apaka ahal g lahat. Mas oka dito Life i Ma ila is diffi ult, e e thi g is just so e pe si e.
It’s u h ette he e .

I o t ast, the ultitude of jo oppo tu ities i “a Pa lo it ade it att a ti e to ou

espo de ts. Besides f o the e plo e t oppo tu ities f o the a ious esta lish e ts a d
fa to ies, so e of ou espo de ts sa B g . Del Re edio as a ideal pla e to put up s all
usi esses. Fo i sta e, Respo de t H states that Dito kasi ka i akakita g p esto pa a sa
ake , aga da a a tapos u a pa. Ka a a u , ag ake ka i dito This is he e e
fou d a pla e fo ou ake , it’s i e a d heap. “o e de ided to ha e a ake he e . Othe
espo de ts that ha e ee li i g i the a a ga e e efo e the i ease i the u e of
i fo al settle s, stated that the sa the la d su ou di g the ail oad as u utilized. “eei g that
it as ot ei g put to use, the de ided that it ould ’t hu t to li e the e. To uote Respo de t
C, Nakati a g a g la g a a eh. Wala a i g i a g gu aga it, akit hi di paki a a ga
di a? It as ot ei g used. If o od else as usi g it, h a ’t othe s e efit f o it? .

A othe pull fa to ide tified the espo de ts, is B g . Del Re edio’s p o i it to the
ai oad a d othe i f ast u tu es, aki g asi go e e t se i es a essi le. As i the ase
of Respo de t J, Kasi dito alapit sa u a g ospital, sa i g asa a ko dito a la g. Di a a
a i ka a g agpaga ot sa ahal, ka a lu ipat a la g ka i dito. Be ause this pla e is
ea to a heap hospital, hus a d said that e should sta he e. We a ’t affo d to go to a
e pe si e hospital, so e o ed he e . Mo e so, da a e e te s, a ele e ta s hool, a high
s hool, a d a u i e sit a e ithi a alki g dista e f o the a a ga . Most of ou espo de ts
also had i ediate fa il e e s, elati es, o i la s that e e al ead li i g i the a a ga .
A o di g to Respo de t A, Yu g a a ko la g talaga a dito, ag a i de ia si a dito. Tapos
sigu o akita i a a aigi a g uha . A u , lahat ka i di ala i a a dito, ata pa ka i oo g
agkakapatid. Dito a i ka i ag-asa a, pati agka-a ak. Ako ga tig a i o a apo a .
M othe as the o l o e he e at fi st, she uilt a eate . “he de ided to i g si li gs
a d e he e he e e e still little kids. We e e tuall sta ted ou fa ilies he e as ell. I o
e e ha e a g a d hild .

It is also i te esti g to ote that so e of ou espo de ts do ot o side the sel es as

i fo al settle s e ause the eithe ought the la d o a e e ti g it. I fa t, the easo fo thei
settli g i the a a ga is the heap ost of la d. These espo de ts lai to ha e legal titles to
p o e thei o e ship. Respo de t G, ho is a e tee, states that Hi di ko ala ku g a titulo
si a, asta a gu gupaha la g ka i. Mu a kasi I do ’t k o if she has a title to the la d, e
just e ted it e ause it as heap .

Lastl , the i ease i the u e of i fo al settle s i B g . Del Re edio is also aused

la k of go e e t i te e tio a a ga le el . To egi ith, the a a ga ou ilo e
i te ie ed sa s that the do ot p e e t a o e f o uildi g houses i the said pla e, hat
the do i stead, is to o ito these people, hi di o a a p ede g pigila a g ga a .
A o g agaga a ati , ahi ap a g uha ? Wala sila g atiti ha , hi di i a a ila gi usto
a sa ga a sila. Pe o ala g agaga a. Hi di a i pi ipigila , hi ihi ga la g a i g NBI
lea a e u g ga ago g dati g You a ’t p e e t these people. What a e do? Life is
diffi ult. The ha e o he e else to li e, the do ’t a t this too. We a ’t do a thi g a out it.
We a e ot p e e ti g the , e just ask fo the NBI lea a e of e o e s . Ho e e , the
espo de ts lai that the e is o su h p o ess ei g do e. As stated Respo de t D, Nako
ala. Ka a ga ku g si o-si o a la g a g a dito. Yu g ga aguha kahit si o, i sa ga
adik pa The e’s o su h thi g. That’s h just a od a li e he e. “o eti es e e addi ts .

I o lusio , the o i atio of these push a d pull fa to s a of hi h a e ought

a out the u a izatio of the pla e , has led to the apid i ease a d the still i easi g
populatio of i fo al settle s i B g . Del Re edio.

Co se ue es of I fo al Settle e t

The e iste e of i fo al settle e ts i a it ould ha e positi e a d egati e effe ts

to the hole o u it . I fo al settle e ts ould ause u de de elop e t of a it o it ould
p o ide o e a po e eeded i the o k fo e. Based f o the i te ie s o du ted ith the
itize s a d go e e t offi ials of Ba a ga Del Re edio, the esea he s e e a le to ide tif
the ajo effe ts of the i fo al settle e t i the a ea.

I fo al E o o
 As o se ed i B g . Del Re edio, the e is a sig ifi a t i ease i the u e of i fo al
settle s i the a ea. I li e ith this, people e o e o e i li ed i pa ti ipati g i e o o i
a ti ities i o de to suppo t thei asi eeds. The e e e gage i ha i g usi esses like
a i de ia a d ju k shops. Based f o the state e t of Respo de t A, she said that the sta ted
to uild a usi ess e ause of the ette ualit of li i g i the a ea. Kase u g a a ko dito.
Naisip agta o g kai a dito, ti daha u g u a. Kase aga da da a g uha dito. M
othe pla ed to ha e a eate he e ut it as a sto e at fi st. It’s e ause of the ualit of
li i g he e.

The g o th of i fo al e o o i the a ea ould e said to ha e positi e effe ts fo the

o u it . It ould p o ide i o e fo the fa il a d also, it ould e a sou e of jo
oppo tu ities i the a a ga . Othe tha eate ies a d ju k shops, epai shops also p o ide
te po a jo s fo the people. It helps i the ette e t of the ualit of li i g i the o u it .

Poo “a itatio a d Poo Qualit D elli gs

O e p o le ad itted the people i the a a ga is the pollutio e ide t i the a ea.

As said Respo de t B: Ma u i talaga dito sa a i . Nagsulputa kase u g ga aha dikit
dikit tulo u g asu a du a i. Ku g saa saa la g akakalat. It is t ue that the e is poo
sa itatio i ou a ea. Be ause of the g o i g u e of o e ted houses, the e is a i ease
i ga age that a e e ide t e e he e.

Based o the i te ie , it a e o se ed that e ause of the o goi g g o th i the

u e of houses i the a a ga , the total ga age i the a ea e a e o e e ide t. This
o ditio ould esult to poo health of the itize s. Be ause of the poo ualit of houses,
t a s issio of diseases is e eas . This i pli atio of ha i g i fo al settle e ts i a it ould
esult to igge p o le s like possi le g o th of epide i diseases. If ases of si k eside ts g o ,
the hole u i ipalit ould ha e a ha d ti e i de elopi g thei it .

Pett C i es a d “o ial Vi es

A othe o se ue e of ha i g i fo al settle e ts is the possi le e iste e of pett

i es a d so ial i es. Based f o the i te ie ith the Ba a ga Captai of Del Re edio, he
said that thei a a ga is e pe ie i g g o i g u e of pett i es. A a ag-asa a, lasi g
a g lalaki, agtoto g-its a g a ae. Tsaka a g ga a a lasi g tsaka u g ag a aka .
Do esti issues, d u k hus a d, ga li g o a . D u k fights a d o e .
 O the othe ha d, o e se ious i es like u de o ho i ide a e also e ide t i the
a ea. As said Respo de t D: Nga o a os a a ka i. Pe o oo g aka aa la g a pi ata
d a . D a sa a dulo d a . Ma ga ga a dito pe o hi di a a adalas. Pe o ga o
a a tahi ik dito. We a e good fo o . Last ti e, the e as a killi g. The e, at the e d. It
happe s he e although ot al a s. But fo o , it is pea eful he e.

As e a o se e, so e i es a e oti ated the i es of the itize s. “o e issues

a e do esti i atu e. These t ou les ould ause disha o i the a a ga . The elfa e of
the itize s is i po ta t i ai tai i g a de e t o u it . If pea e ithi the a ea is
o p o ised, it ould affe t the ualit of li i g i the a ea.

O e populatio

O e populatio is also a issue fo the o u it . The e og ized the sudde g o th i

the u e of people i the a ea a d its effe t to the o u it . As said Respo de t C;
O e populatio ? Oo. Dati a pi aha a pati sa liku a tapos agsulputa ga aha d a .
Du a i u g ga tao. O e populatio ? Yes. Befo e the e as a pi eapple pla tatio the e up
to the e at the a k ut, the u e of houses sta ted to g o as ell as the u e of people.

O e populatio had aused ha ges i the o u it . It dest o ed so e of the e o o i

a ti ities do e i the a ea. It ould e elated to the p o le s dis ussed ea lie like poo sa itatio
a d poo d elli gs. Also, the g o i g u e of people ade it ha d fo the lo al go e e t to
suppo t the eeds of its people. Most of the eside ts i the a ea had take jo s to ea
u i ipalities. I this ase, e o o i de elop e t i B g . Del Re edio is ha pe ed e ause the
la o fo e hi h should e used fo the ette e t of the a ea is used i othe ea to s.

Co lusio

I o lusio , the i ease of i fo al settle e ts i u a a eas is ot so ethi g that

a e e plai ed th ough e a i i g o e fa to alo e. The e a e a ious push a d pull fa to s that
o k togethe to esult to i fo al settle e ts. I the ase of the i fo al settle s i B g . Del
Re edio, jo oppo tu ities, a essi ilit , u utilized la d, fa ilial ties, heap ost of e t o la d,
a d la k of go e e t i te e tio e e the p e ale t auses. These i fo al settle e ts lead
to i ease i i fo al e o o , poo sa itatio , o e populatio , poo ualit d elli gs, so ial
i es, a d o ga ized a d pett i es.
 Re o e datio s

The esea he s e o e d that futu e studies get a o e ep ese tati e sa ple of the
populatio . The stud as o l a le to o e the iddle-aged populatio , it ould e i te esti g
to see if the e a e a iatio s o the pe spe ti es of ou g adults, tee age s, et . Futu es esea hes
a also e plo e othe i fo al settle e ts lo ated i Sa Pa lo Cit , su h as those lo ated ea
the i e . The diffe e t ph si al setti g ight lead to othe fa to s ot o e ed i this stud . Fu the
esea h a also e do e o ho so e people a e a le to e ui e titles to la d p ope ties that a e
supposedl o ed the go e e t.
 Appe di A

INTERVIEW QUE“TION“ FOR “AN PABLO CITY OFFICIAL

1. Name
2. Position in the san Pablo city office
3. When did San Pablo city start to urbanize?
4. What was the main industry of San Pablo city before urbanization? Current industry?
5. What are the benefits of urbanization in San Pablo city?
6. What are the problems encountered due to urbanization? (e.g. Environmental
degradation and heritage conservation)
7. What projects aim to address these problems?
8. When did informal settlements start to emerge in San Pablo city?
9. Where did most of the informal settlers come from?
10. How Many informal settlers do you have in San Pablo City?
11. What do you think are the causes for informal settlement?
12. What makes San Pablo city an ideal place for these informal settlers?
13. What are the effects of informal settlement?
14. What actions are taken by the government/plan to take to address informal settlement?
15. Are there development goals set for San Pablo city? What?
16. Is there a plan for further urbanization? What projects aim to attain further
urbanization?

INTERVIEW QUE“TION“ FOR BRGY. DEL REMEDIO OFFICIAL

1. Name
2. Position in Brgy. Del Remedio office
3. What are the common occupations of residents in Brgy. Del Remedio?
4. What are the common problems in Brgy. Del Remedio?
5. What are the benefits of urbanization in Brgy. Del Remedio?
6. What are the problems encountered due to urbanization? (e.g. Environmental
degradation and heritage conservation)
7. What projects aim to address these problems?
8. When did informal settlements start to emerge in Brgy. Del Remedio?
9. Where did most of the informal settlers come from?
10. How many are the informal settlers in your barangay?
11. What are the socio-demographic characteristics of these informal settlers?
12. Can you describe the current living conditions of these informal settlers?
13. What do you think are the causes for informal settlement?
14. What makes Brgy. Del Remedio an ideal place for these informal settlers?
15. What are the effects of informal settlement?
16. What actions are taken by the government/plan to take to address informal settlement?
17. What projects are for the development of Brgy. Del Remedio are being carried out? Or
will be carried out?
 Appe di B

I te ie uestio s fo i fo al settle s

1. Pangalan
2. Edad
3. Trabaho
4. Ilan kayo dito sa bahay? (kung Pamilyado, ilan ang anak? Ilan dun ang nag-aaral?)
5. Gaano katagal na po kayong naninirahan dito?
6. Saan po kayo nakatira bago kayo lumipat dito?
7. Maari niyo po bang ilarawan yung lugar na pinanggalingan niyo? (Bayan ba? Probinsya?)
8. Paano po yung pamumuhay niyo dun dati? (ano yung pinagkakakitaan nila)
9. Bakit niyo po naisipang lumipat?
10. Bakit po sa San Pablo? (may kakilala ba dito? Etc.)
11. Paano po kayo humantong sa pagiging iskwater dito sa brgy. Del remedio?
12. Ano po yung dahilan kung bakit nanatili kayo dito?
13. Paano niyo po ilalarawan yung pamumuhay niyo ngayon dito?
14. Ano po yung mga problema na kinakaharap niyo ngayon sa paninirahan dito?
15. Ano po yung ginagawa ng gobyerno/barangay para solusyonan ang mga problemang
ito?
16. Sa tingin niyo po, ano yung epekto ng paninirahan niyo dito bilang mga iskwater sa
barangay o kaya sa San Pablo mismo?
17. Ano po yung sa tingin niyo ang naiiambag niyo sa barangay o sa san Pablo?
18. Ano po yung tingin niyong sagot sa problema ng pagdami ng iskwater dito?
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