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GOPESHWAR SEWERAGE SCHEME

(Interception and Diversion)

INDEX

Sl. Particulars Page No.


No.

1. Salient Feature (i) – (ii)

2. Project Report 1 – 16

3. Form – J 17 – 19

4. General Abstract of Cost 20 – 20

5. Technical Note 21 – 59

6. Estimate of Sewers & Appurtenant Works with


Measurement 60 – 104

7. Estimate of Hiring Godwon 105 – 105

8. Estimate of Special T & P 106 – 106

9. Estimate of Cartage of Material 107 – 108

10. Unit Estimate 109 – 114

11. Unit Estimate of Sewer Connecting Chambers 115 – 118

12. L – Section and Drawing


GOPESHWAR SEWERAGE SCHEME
ESTIMATE OF CARTAGE OF MATERIALS
Sl. Description Qt Unit Rate Amount
No. y. (Rs.) (Rs.)
1 2 3 4 5 6

1
Cartage of pipes & steels from
Central Store Rishikesh to the store
in Gopeshwar about 232 km. (avg.)
by truck. 20620 Qtl./km. 94.00 44,96,810

2 Cartage of Cement, Manholes, Foot


Steps etc. from Rishikesh upto the
store in Gopeshwar about 240 km.
(avg.) by truck. 13847 Qtl./km. 59.00 19,60,735

3
Cartage of Sand from nearby quarry
about 13 km. (avg.) by truck. 42600 Qtl./km. 116.00 6,42,408

4 Cartage of Stone grit from nearby


quarry about 13 km. (avg.) by truck. 59210 Qtl./km. 116.00 8,92,887

5 Cartage of Bricks from Rishikesh


upto Gopeshwar store about 215
km. (avg.) by truck. 36420 Qtl./km. 59.00 46,19,877

6 Extra Cartgage of following material


from site store to site of work,
average lead 1/2 km by head load.
Pipe and MH covers 16820 Qtl./km. 40.90 3,440
Steel 4800 Qtl./km. 40.90 982
Cement 12750 Qtl./km. 34.08 2,173

7 Extra Cartgage of following material


from site store to site of work,
average lead 1/2 km.

Bricks 36420 Qtl./km. 197.00 35,874


Send 42600 Qtl./km. 197.00 41,961
Stone aggragate 59210 Qtl./km. 197.00 58,322

8 Provision for miscellenous items L.S. 4,883


Total 1,27,60,350

Say 1,27,60,000
GOPESHWAR SEWERAGE SCHEME
TOTAL CONSUMPTION OF MATERIALS
Quanti Materials in Qtls. RCC NP2 and CI- LA Pipes
ty Ceme Sand Stone Ston Steel Bricks RCC C.I.
nt Grint e Manh Foot
20 mm Grit ole Step
40 Cover (Nos.)
Item mm (Nos.)

R.C.C. Circular Manhole (Nos.) RCC


90 mm dia. - 1.65 m Deep 1368 8300 19260 37430 5910 1726 1368 4110 150 mm dia. - 28688 m @ 45 Kg/m = 12909.60 Qtls.
1200 mm dia - 2.30 m Deep 62 624 1448 2868 380 136 62 310 200 mm dia. - 105 m @ 60 Kg/m = 63.00 Qtls.
250 mm dia. - 104 m @ 75 Kg/m = 78.00 Qtls.
300 mm dia. - 569 m @ 140 Kg/m = 796.60 Qtls.
CI
150 mm dia. - 3082 m @ 22.27 Kg/m
= 686.40 Qtls.
200 mm dia. - 992 m @ 30.09 Kg/m = 298.50 Qtls.
250 mm dia. - 448 m @ 39.31 Kg/m = 176.10 Qtls.
300 mm dia. - 1637 m @ 49.40 Kg/m
= 808.70 Qtls.
Shafts (Nos.) Totla 15816.90 Qtls.
(-)
900 mm dia. 401.99 -918 -1990 -4472 -217 -1203 say 15820 Qtls.
(-)
1200 mm dia. 18.02 -53 -115 -256 -12 -55 Details of Cartage

Sewer Connecting Chambers


(Nos.) Pipes 15820.00 Qtls.
0.60 x 0.60 x 1.5 m Deep 974 2532 10805 4208 5435 3117 14730 1948 Steel 4800.00 Qtls.
0.60 x 0.60 x 3.0 m Deep 167 553 1951 721 932 53 4058 835 Total 20620.00 Qtls.
0.60 x 0.60 x 4.50 m Deep
Cement 12750.00 Qtls.
Shafts (Nos.) Manhole 1001.00 Qtls.
(-)
0.60 x 0.60 x 1.5 m Deep 174.47 Foot Step 96.00 Qtls.
(-)
0.60 x 0.60 x 3.0 m Deep 212.29 Total 13847.00 Qtls.
(-)
386.76 -251 -990 -3342 -1159
Sand 42600.00 Qtls.
3
Bedding (m )
P.C.C. 1:2:4 57.82 191 416 935 Stone Grint 20 mm 41550.00 Qtls.
P.C.C. 1:6:12 220.60 249 1690 3802 Stone Grint 40 mm 17660.00 Qtls.
Granular bedding Total 59210.00 Qtls.
Oxidation Ponds 1500 10125 120 1200 20973
1765
Total 12727 42600 41554 9 4803 36419 1430 4786 Bricks 36420.00 Qtls.
1766
Say 12750 42600 41550 0 4800 36420 1001 96
Qtl. Qtl. Qtl. Qtl. Qtl. Qtl. Qtl. Qtl.
GOPESHWAR SEWERAGE SCHEME

Estimate of Special T&P

Sl. Item Qt Unit Rate Amount


No. y. (Rs.) (Rs.)
1 2 3 4 5 6

1. Supply of Portable pumps 7.5 HP


capacity to clean the manholes 4 Each 75,000.00 3,00,000

2. Supply of Trolley mounted Roding


Machine 2 Each 3,81,000.00 7,62,000

3. Supply of Suction-cum-Jetting
Machine fitted on mobile chasis 2 Each 12,40,000.00 24,80,000
Total 35,42,000
GOPESHWAR SEWERAGE SCHEME

SCHEDULE OF DISBURSEMENT

Sl. Total Cost in


Particulars FY 2008-09 FY 2009-10
No. Lacs

1 Sewer and appurtenant works 3,93,36,000 3,93,36,000 7,86,72,000

2 Sewage Treatment Plants 6,52,72,000 9,79,08,000 16,31,80,000

3 Plantation and public partcipation 15,75,600 23,63,400 39,39,000

4 Cartaga of materils 63,80,000 63,80,000 1,27,60,000

5 Laboratory equipments 31,00,000 31,00,000

6 Special T&P 32,42,000 32,42,000

7 Hiring of godown 90,000 90,000 1,80,000

8 Building works 26,46,000 26,46,000

9 Works charged establishement 26,46,000 26,46,000 52,92,000


Total 11,52,99,600 15,77,11,400 27,30,11,000

Inflation @ 5% for the year 2008-09, 15.5%


for 2009-10 57,64,980 2,44,45,267 3,02,50,747
Grand Total 12,10,64,580 18,21,56,667 30,32,61,747
GOPESHWAR SEWERAGE SCHEME
ABSTRACT OF COST OF SEWERS AND APPURTENANT WORKS

Sl. Description Qty. Un Rate Amount


No. it (In (In Rs.)
Rs.)
1 2 3 4 5 6

Excavation of earth for the following depths below G.L.


for laying and jointing of sewers in soil mixed with
shingle, bajri etc. including excavation for joints pits,
trimming, dressing, levelling, refilling of trenches in 15 cm
layers, watering & ramming the same and disposal of
surplus earth & other dismantled materials upto a
distance of 50 m from the centre of the trenches.

c
59,4 u 73.9 43,92,3
0-1.5 m B.G.L. 36.72 m 0 73.61

c
1,99 u 96.0 1,91,57
1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 5.58 m 0 5.68

Provide and fix open timbering (covering 1/3rd of surface


area by planks) in trenches for the depth upto 3 m below
ground level consisting of 40 mm thick approved country
wood planks for poling boards 125 mm x 75 mm Indian
sal wood wallers and 100 mm dia. sal ballies for struts at
1.5 m c/c including removal after laying of sewers, both
sides of the trenches will be taken as one side for the
purpose of payment & measurements i.e., area = length
x depth of trench.Dismantled timbering materials will be
the property of the contractor.

s
17,4 q 208. 36,41,4
1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 60.58 m 55 03.96

Supply of R.C.C. NP2 s/s and C.I. Class LA s/s pipes


including rubber gaskets of the following dia.
A. R.C.C. Class- NP2

28,6 166. 47,79,4


150 mm dia. 88.00 m 60 20.80
105. 209. 21,987.
200 mm dia. 00 m 40 00
104. 232. 24,133.
250 mm dia. 00 m 05 20
569. 342. 1,94,99
300 mm dia. 00 m 70 6.30

B. C.I. Class- LA

3,08 1,19 36,79,9


150 mm dia. 2.00 m 4.00 08.00

992. 1,76 17,53,8


200 mm dia. 00 m 8.00 56.00

448. 2,34 10,49,2


250 mm dia. 00 m 2.00 16.00

1,63 2,99 49,04,4


300 mm dia. 7.00 m 6.00 52.00

Carting of the following pipes and specials from store to


site of works, lowering the same into trenches in different
depths below G.L., laying of pipes true to the alignment
and gradient, jointing with rubber gasket including
excavation of earth at joints below invert level of pipes,
cost of all jointing materials,testing etc. complete but
excluding excavation and refilling of trenches from G.L. to
invert level of pipes.

R.C.C. s/s pipe class NP2


150 mm dia.

26,2 23.9 6,29,42


0.0-1.5 m B.G.L. 48.00 m 8 7.04

2,44 25.5 62,293.


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 0.00 m 3 20

200 mm dia.

105. 36.9 3,876.6


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 00 m 2 0

250 mm dia.
104. 49.6 5,166.7
1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 00 m 8 2

300 mm dia.

569. 63.4 36,091.


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 00 m 3 67

C.I. s/s pipe class LA


150 mm dia.

3,08 23.9 73,906.


0.0-1.5 m B.G.L. 2.00 m 8 36

200 mm dia.

792. 34.6 27,466.


0.0-1.5 m B.G.L. 00 m 8 56

200. 36.9 7,384.0


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 00 m 2 0

250 mm dia.

448. 49.6 22,256.


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 00 m 8 64

300 mm dia.

1,63 63.4 1,03,83


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 7.00 m 3 4.91

5
Supply of all materials, labour and T&P etc. all complete
and construct R.C.C. circular type manholes of the
following size.

1,36 no 16,0 2,18,88,


900 mm dia., 1.65 m deep 8.00 . 00.00 000.00

62.0 no 26,3 16,30,6


1200 mm dia., 2.30 m deep 0 . 00.00 00.00

Supply of all materials, labour and T&P etc. all complete


and construct shaft to regulate excess or less height of
following size of R.C.C. circular type manholes.
-
- r 6,50 26,81,705
900 mm dia. 412.57 m 0.00 .00

- r 7,40 -
1200 mm dia. 12.85 m 0.00 95,090.00
7
Provide all materials, labour, T&P etc. and construct
sewer connecting chamber for the following size.

974. no 6,60 64,28,4


0.6 x 0.6 x 1.5m 00 . 0.00 00.00

167. no 10,2 17,10,0


0.6 x 0.6 x 3m 00 . 40.00 80.00

Provide all materials, labour, T&P etc. and construct shaft


to regulate excess or less height of sewer connecting
chamber for the following size.

-
- r 1,80 3,18,384.
0.6 x 0.6 m, 1.5 m deep 176.88 m 0.00 00

-
- r 2,07 4,58,587.
0.6 x 0.6 m, 3.0 m deep 221.54 m 0.00 80

Dismantling & reinstatement of following types of road for


sewers, manholes, sewer connecting chambers etc.
including sorting out and stacking of materials(
serviceable materials) and disposal of unserviceable
materials upto a distance of 50 m.

a
17,7 sq 910. 1,61,58,
Bituminous road 56.50 m 00 415.00

915. sq 765. 7,00,35


b Cement concrete road 50 m 00 7.50

10

Plain cement concrete with 10 to 25 mm gauge approved


stone grit, coarse sand and cement in proportion of 4:2:1
(M150) in concrete craddle bedding including supply of
all materials, labour, T&P etc. required for proper
completion of the work.

63.2 cu 2,79 1,76,63


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 0 m 4.84 3.89
11

Lean concrete with 40 mm gauge brick ballast, fine sand


and cement in proportion of 12:6:1 in trenches below
sewers for providing proper support to the concrete
craddle bedding including supply of all materials, labour,
T&P etc. required for proper completion of the work.

220. cu 1,27 2,81,49


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 60 m 6.06 8.84

12

Supply & filling granular material ( well graded crushed


rock or gravel maximum size 25 mm) into the trenches
for class B bedding (granular bedding) including supply of
all materials, labour, T&P etc. required for proper
completion of the work.

c
4,63 u 279. 12,95,6
0.0 - 1.5 m deep 8.38 m 34 85.07

c
1,50 u 288. 4,33,30
1.5 - 3.0 m deep 4.52 m 00 1.76

13(
a)
Provision for shifting of water supply mains coming
across the alignment of sewers including supply of all 600. n 695. 4,17,00
materials, labour, T&P etc. complete. 00 o. 00 0.00

13(
b)
Provision for repair and shifting of water supply house
connections including bailing out of water and supply of 60,000.
all materials, labour, T&P etc. complete. Job L.S. 00

14

Provision for diversion and repairing of electric/ telephone


cables/wires wherever necessary including supply of all
materials, labour, T&P etc. complete.
(a) 40,000.
Payment to be made to Telephone Deptt. Job L.S. 00

(b) 25,000.
Payment to be made to Hydle Deptt. Job L.S. 00

15 15,000.
Provision for crossing of nala. Job L.S. 00
16(
a)
Provision for reinstatement of nala and drain during
execution of the work including necessary repairs as 15,000.
required with all labour, material, T&P etc. complete . Job L.S. 00

16( Provision for protection works for laying sewers along 10,000.
b) nala. Job L.S. 00

17

Provision for baricading and necessary diversion of road/


lanes with the help of ballies, ropes, flags, signals and 35,6 32.3 11,52,4
light signals as per requirement. 25.00 m 5 68.75

18

Cartage of excavated earth from site to the place as


directed by Engineer- in- charge by head load (the work
being in narrow lanes), and carrying back for filling of c
trenches after laying and jointing the pipes assuming 18,4 u 155. 28,56,6
30% of the total excavated earth, i.e., 61432.30 cum. 29.69 m 00 01.95

19 c
Cartage and disposal of surplus earth within 3 kms. 12,3 u 106. 13,16,3
distance(as per details attached). 72.00 m 40 80.80

20 10,000.
Site clearance and other unforseen items. Job L.S. 00

Total 7,86,71,
Rs. 683.01

7,86,72,
Say 000.00
GOPESHWAR SEWERAGE SCHEME

Form - J
(Combined - Central and State Funding)

S.N
Particulars AMOUNT (Rs. in Lacs)
.
1 2 3

1 Central Funding 717.00

2 State Funding 403.00

Total 1,120.00
GOPESHWAR SEWERAGE SCHEME

Form - J
(For Central Funding)

S.N
Particulars AMOUNT (Rs. in Lacs)
.
1 2 3

1 Cost of works 947.94

2 Centage @ 8% 75.84

Total 1023.78

Cost from Central fund @ 70% 716.64

Say 717.00
GOPESHWAR SEWERAGE SCHEME

Form - J
(For State Funding)

S.N
Particulars AMOUNT (Rs. in Lacs)
.
1 2 3

1 Cost of works 947.94

2 Work Charged establishment @ 2% 18.96

3 Staff Qrtrs. @ 3% 28.44

Total 995.34

4 Centage @ 12.5% 124.42

Total 1,119.75

Cost from Central fund @ 70% 717.00


Total Cost from State Fund 402.75

Say 403.00
GOPESHWAR SEWERAGE SCHEME

General Absract of Cost

S.N. Particulars AMOUNT (Rs. in Lacs)


1 2 3

1. Sewer and Appurtenant works 786.72

2. Special Tools and Plants 32.42

3. Cartage of Material 127.60

4. Hiring of Godown 1.20


Total 947.94
GOPESHWAR SEWERAGE SCHEME

SCHEDULE OF DISBURSEMENT

Sl. Total Cost in


Particulars FY 2008-09 FY 2009-10
No. Lacs

1 Sewer and appurtenant works 3,93,36,000 3,93,36,000 7,86,72,000

2 Sewage Treatment Plants 6,52,72,000 9,79,08,000 16,31,80,000

3 Plantation and public partcipation 15,75,600 23,63,400 39,39,000

4 Cartaga of materils 63,80,000 63,80,000 1,27,60,000

5 Laboratory equipments 31,00,000 31,00,000

6 Special T&P 32,42,000 32,42,000

7 Hiring of godown 90,000 90,000 1,80,000

8 Building works 26,46,000 26,46,000

9 Works charged establishement 26,46,000 26,46,000 52,92,000


Total 11,52,99,600 15,77,11,400 27,30,11,000

Inflation @ 5% for the year 2008-09, 15.5%


for 2009-10 57,64,980 2,44,45,267 3,02,50,747
Grand Total 12,10,64,580 18,21,56,667 30,32,61,747
GOPESHWAR SEWERAGE SCHEME
ABSTRACT OF COST OF SEWERS AND APPURTENANT WORKS

Sl. Description Qty. Un Rate Amount


No. it (In (In Rs.)
Rs.)
1 2 3 4 5 6

Excavation of earth for the following depths below G.L.


for laying and jointing of sewers in soil mixed with
shingle, bajri etc. including excavation for joints pits,
trimming, dressing, levelling, refilling of trenches in 15 cm
layers, watering & ramming the same and disposal of
surplus earth & other dismantled materials upto a
distance of 50 m from the centre of the trenches.

c
59,4 u 73.9 43,92,3
0-1.5 m B.G.L. 36.72 m 0 73.61

c
1,99 u 96.0 1,91,57
1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 5.58 m 0 5.68

Provide and fix open timbering (covering 1/3rd of surface


area by planks) in trenches for the depth upto 3 m below
ground level consisting of 40 mm thick approved country
wood planks for poling boards 125 mm x 75 mm Indian
sal wood wallers and 100 mm dia. sal ballies for struts at
1.5 m c/c including removal after laying of sewers, both
sides of the trenches will be taken as one side for the
purpose of payment & measurements i.e., area = length
x depth of trench.Dismantled timbering materials will be
the property of the contractor.

s
17,4 q 208. 36,41,4
1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 60.58 m 55 03.96

Supply of R.C.C. NP2 s/s and C.I. Class LA s/s pipes


including rubber gaskets of the following dia.
A. R.C.C. Class- NP2

28,6 166. 47,79,4


150 mm dia. 88.00 m 60 20.80
105. 209. 21,987.
200 mm dia. 00 m 40 00
104. 232. 24,133.
250 mm dia. 00 m 05 20
569. 342. 1,94,99
300 mm dia. 00 m 70 6.30

B. C.I. Class- LA

3,08 1,19 36,79,9


150 mm dia. 2.00 m 4.00 08.00

992. 1,76 17,53,8


200 mm dia. 00 m 8.00 56.00

448. 2,34 10,49,2


250 mm dia. 00 m 2.00 16.00

1,63 2,99 49,04,4


300 mm dia. 7.00 m 6.00 52.00

Carting of the following pipes and specials from store to


site of works, lowering the same into trenches in different
depths below G.L., laying of pipes true to the alignment
and gradient, jointing with rubber gasket including
excavation of earth at joints below invert level of pipes,
cost of all jointing materials,testing etc. complete but
excluding excavation and refilling of trenches from G.L. to
invert level of pipes.

R.C.C. s/s pipe class NP2


150 mm dia.

26,2 23.9 6,29,42


0.0-1.5 m B.G.L. 48.00 m 8 7.04

2,44 25.5 62,293.


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 0.00 m 3 20

200 mm dia.

105. 36.9 3,876.6


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 00 m 2 0

250 mm dia.
104. 49.6 5,166.7
1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 00 m 8 2

300 mm dia.

569. 63.4 36,091.


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 00 m 3 67

C.I. s/s pipe class LA


150 mm dia.

3,08 23.9 73,906.


0.0-1.5 m B.G.L. 2.00 m 8 36

200 mm dia.

792. 34.6 27,466.


0.0-1.5 m B.G.L. 00 m 8 56

200. 36.9 7,384.0


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 00 m 2 0

250 mm dia.

448. 49.6 22,256.


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 00 m 8 64

300 mm dia.

1,63 63.4 1,03,83


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 7.00 m 3 4.91

5
Supply of all materials, labour and T&P etc. all complete
and construct R.C.C. circular type manholes of the
following size.

1,36 no 16,0 2,18,88,


900 mm dia., 1.65 m deep 8.00 . 00.00 000.00

62.0 no 26,3 16,30,6


1200 mm dia., 2.30 m deep 0 . 00.00 00.00

Supply of all materials, labour and T&P etc. all complete


and construct shaft to regulate excess or less height of
following size of R.C.C. circular type manholes.
-
- r 6,50 26,81,705
900 mm dia. 412.57 m 0.00 .00

- r 7,40 -
1200 mm dia. 12.85 m 0.00 95,090.00
7
Provide all materials, labour, T&P etc. and construct
sewer connecting chamber for the following size.

974. no 6,60 64,28,4


0.6 x 0.6 x 1.5m 00 . 0.00 00.00

167. no 10,2 17,10,0


0.6 x 0.6 x 3m 00 . 40.00 80.00

Provide all materials, labour, T&P etc. and construct shaft


to regulate excess or less height of sewer connecting
chamber for the following size.

-
- r 1,80 3,18,384.
0.6 x 0.6 m, 1.5 m deep 176.88 m 0.00 00

-
- r 2,07 4,58,587.
0.6 x 0.6 m, 3.0 m deep 221.54 m 0.00 80

Dismantling & reinstatement of following types of road for


sewers, manholes, sewer connecting chambers etc.
including sorting out and stacking of materials(
serviceable materials) and disposal of unserviceable
materials upto a distance of 50 m.

a
17,7 sq 910. 1,61,58,
Bituminous road 56.50 m 00 415.00

915. sq 765. 7,00,35


b Cement concrete road 50 m 00 7.50

10

Plain cement concrete with 10 to 25 mm gauge approved


stone grit, coarse sand and cement in proportion of 4:2:1
(M150) in concrete craddle bedding including supply of
all materials, labour, T&P etc. required for proper
completion of the work.

63.2 cu 2,79 1,76,63


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 0 m 4.84 3.89
11

Lean concrete with 40 mm gauge brick ballast, fine sand


and cement in proportion of 12:6:1 in trenches below
sewers for providing proper support to the concrete
craddle bedding including supply of all materials, labour,
T&P etc. required for proper completion of the work.

220. cu 1,27 2,81,49


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 60 m 6.06 8.84

12

Supply & filling granular material ( well graded crushed


rock or gravel maximum size 25 mm) into the trenches
for class B bedding (granular bedding) including supply of
all materials, labour, T&P etc. required for proper
completion of the work.

c
4,63 u 279. 12,95,6
0.0 - 1.5 m deep 8.38 m 34 85.07

c
1,50 u 288. 4,33,30
1.5 - 3.0 m deep 4.52 m 00 1.76

13(
a)
Provision for shifting of water supply mains coming
across the alignment of sewers including supply of all 600. n 695. 4,17,00
materials, labour, T&P etc. complete. 00 o. 00 0.00

13(
b)
Provision for repair and shifting of water supply house
connections including bailing out of water and supply of 60,000.
all materials, labour, T&P etc. complete. Job L.S. 00

14

Provision for diversion and repairing of electric/ telephone


cables/wires wherever necessary including supply of all
materials, labour, T&P etc. complete.
(a) 40,000.
Payment to be made to Telephone Deptt. Job L.S. 00

(b) 25,000.
Payment to be made to Hydle Deptt. Job L.S. 00

15 15,000.
Provision for crossing of nala. Job L.S. 00
16(
a)
Provision for reinstatement of nala and drain during
execution of the work including necessary repairs as 15,000.
required with all labour, material, T&P etc. complete . Job L.S. 00

16( Provision for protection works for laying sewers along 10,000.
b) nala. Job L.S. 00

17

Provision for baricading and necessary diversion of road/


lanes with the help of ballies, ropes, flags, signals and 35,6 32.3 11,52,4
light signals as per requirement. 25.00 m 5 68.75

18

Cartage of excavated earth from site to the place as


directed by Engineer- in- charge by head load (the work
being in narrow lanes), and carrying back for filling of c
trenches after laying and jointing the pipes assuming 18,4 u 155. 28,56,6
30% of the total excavated earth, i.e., 61432.30 cum. 29.69 m 00 01.95

19 c
Cartage and disposal of surplus earth within 3 kms. 12,3 u 106. 13,16,3
distance(as per details attached). 72.00 m 40 80.80

20 10,000.
Site clearance and other unforseen items. Job L.S. 00

Total 7,86,71,
Rs. 683.01

7,86,72,
Say 000.00
GOPESHWAR SEWERAGE SCHEME
UNIT ESTIMATE OF 900 MM DIA RCC CIRCULAR MANHOLE 1.65
DEEP

Sl. Item Qty Unit Rate Amount


No. . (Rs.) (Rs.)
1 2 3 4 5 6

1. Excavation for following depths for


sewers, manholes, gully pits,
chambers, sumps etc. in soil mixed
with moorum, shingle, kankar etc.
including cutting of joints, pits
trimming, dressing, levelling,
reffilling of trenches in 20 cm layers,
watering and ramming the same
including disposal of surplus earth
or other dismentled materials upto a
distance of 50 m from the centre of
the trenches.

0-1.5 m B.G.L. 3.82 cum 73.70 281.53


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 1.14 cum 96.00 109.44

2. Cement concrete with 40 mm gauge


stone ballast, local sand & cement
in proportion of 8:4:1 in foundation
including supply of all materials,
labour, T&P etc. required for proper
completion of the work.

1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 0.25 cum 2,557.00 639.25


3. Cement concrete with 20 mm gauge
approved stone ballast, coarse sand
and cement in the proportion of
4:2:1 in making kunnit including
supply of all materials, labour, t&P
etc. required for proper completion
of the work

1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 0.05 cum 3,541.00 177.05

4. RCC work with cement & coarse


sand and 20 mm gauge approved
stone ballast in proportion of 1:2:4
excluding supply of reinforcement
and its bending but including its
fixing and binding the same with
0.50 mm thick binding wire in
position and necessary centering
and shuttering including curing and
supply of all materials, labour, T&P
etc. required for proper completion
of the work

0.0-1.5 m BGL 1.13 cum 3,888.00 4,393.44


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 0.51 cum 4,005.00 2,042.55

5. Mild steel or iron work in RCC work


wrought to required shape as
necessary including bending for
proper completion of work including
supply of steel & wastage etc. 1% of
total concrete 1:2:4
130 Kg 40.00 5,200.00

6. Supplying and fixing precast


concrete circular Manhole cover 560
mm dia. With frame 1 no. 1,650.00 1,650.00
7. Provide and fix C.I. foot steps in the
walls as per direction of Engineer-in-
charge including the cost of cutting
and making good the walls 3 no. 203.71 611.13

8. Unforseen item & cleaning of site Job L.S. 940.00

Total Rs. 16,044.39

Say Rs. 16,000.00


GOPESHWAR SEWERAGE SCHEME

UNIT ESTIMATE OF 1 M SHAFT FOR 900 MM DIA RCC CIRCULAR


MANHOLE TO REGULATE THE DEPTH OF MANHOLE

Sl. Item Qty Unit Rate Amount


No. . (Rs.) (Rs.)
1 2 3 4 5 6

1. Excavation for following depths for


sewers, manholes, gully pits, chambers,
sumps etc. in soil mixed with moorum,
shingle, kankar etc. including cutting of
joints, pits trimming, dressing, levelling,
reffilling of trenches in 20 cm layers,
watering and ramming the same
including disposal of surplus earth or
other dismentled materials upto a
distance of 50 m from the centre of the
trenches.

0-1.5 m B.G.L. 2.54 cum 73.70 187.20


2. RCC work with cement & coarse sand
and 20 mm gauge approved stone
ballast in proportion of 1:2:4 excluding
supply of reinforcement and its bending
but including its fixing and binding the
same with 0.50 mm thick binding wire in
position and necessary centering and
shuttering including curing and supply
of all materials, labour, T&P etc.
required for proper completion of the
work

0.0-1.5 m BGL 0.69 cum 3,888.00 2,682.72

3. Mild steel or iron work in RCC work


wrought to required shape as necessary
including bending for proper completion
of work including supply of steel &
wastage etc.
54 Kg 40.00 2,160.00

4. Provide and fix C.I. foot steps in the


walls as per direction of Engineer-in-
charge including the cost of cutting and
making good the walls
3 no. 203.71 611.13

5 Unforeseen items Job LS 850.00


Total Rs. 6,491.05

Say Rs. 6,500.00


GOPESHWAR SEWERAGE SCHEME
UNIT ESTIMATE OF 1200 MM DIA RCC CIRCULAR MANHOLE 2.3 M
DEEP

Sl. Item Qty Unit Rate Amount


No. . (Rs.) (Rs.)
1 2 3 4 5 6

1. Excavation for following depths for


sewers, manholes, gully pits, chambers,
sumps etc. in soil mixed with moorum,
shingle, kankar etc. including cutting of
joints, pits trimming, dressing, levelling,
reffilling of trenches in 20 cm layers,
watering and ramming the same
including disposal of surplus earth or
other dismentled materials upto a
distance of 50 m from the centre of the
trenches.

0-1.5 m B.G.L. 5.19 cum 73.70 382.50


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 3.81 cum 96.00 365.76

2. Cement concrete with 40 mm gauge


stone ballast, local sand & cement in
proportion of 8:4:1 in foundation
including supply of all materials, labour,
T&P etc. required for proper completion
of the work.
1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 0.35 cum 2,557.00 894.95
3. Cement concrete with 20 mm gauge
approved stone ballast, coarse sand
and cement in the proportion of 4:2:1 in
making kunnit including supply of all
materials, labour, t&P etc. required for
proper completion of the work

1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 0.08 cum 3,541.00 283.28

4. RCC work with cement & coarse sand


and 20 mm gauge approved stone
ballast in proportion of 1:2:4 excluding
supply of reinforcement and its bending
but including its fixing and binding the
same with 0.50 mm thick binding wire in
position and necessary centering and
shuttering including curing and supply
of all materials, labour, T&P etc.
required for proper completion of the
work

0.0-1.5 m BGL 1.49 cum 3,888.00 5,793.12


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 1.29 cum 4,005.00 5,166.45

5. Mild steel or iron work in RCC work


wrought to required shape as necessary
including bending for proper completion
of work including supply of steel &
wastage etc. 1% of total concrete 1:2:4
220 Kg 40.00 8,800.00

6. Supplying and fixing precast concrete


circular Manhole cover 560 mm dia.
With frame 1 no. 1,650.00 1,650.00
7. Provide and fix C.I. foot steps in the
walls as per direction of Engineer-in-
charge including the cost of cutting and
making good the walls
5 no. 203.71 1,018.55

8. Unforseen item & cleaning of site Job L.S. 1,950.00


Total Rs. 26,304.61

Say Rs. 26,300.00


GOPESHWAR SEWERAGE SCHEME

UNIT ESTIMATE OF 1 M SHAFT FOR 1200 MM DIA RCC CIRCULAR


MANHOLE TO REGULATE THE DEPTH OF MANHOLE

Sl. Item Qty Unit Rate Amount


No. . (Rs.) (Rs.)
1 2 3 4 5 6

1. Excavation for following depths for


sewers, manholes, gully pits, chambers,
sumps etc. in soil mixed with moorum,
shingle, kankar etc. including cutting of
joints, pits trimming, dressing, levelling,
reffilling of trenches in 20 cm layers,
watering and ramming the same
including disposal of surplus earth or
other dismentled materials upto a
distance of 50 m from the centre of the
trenches.

0-1.5 m B.G.L. 3.46 cum 73.70 255.00


2. RCC work with cement & coarse sand
and 20 mm gauge approved stone
ballast in proportion of 1:2:4 excluding
supply of reinforcement and its bending
but including its fixing and binding the
same with 0.50 mm thick binding wire in
position and necessary centering and
shuttering including curing and supply
of all materials, labour, T&P etc.
required for proper completion of the
work

0.0-1.5 m BGL 0.88 cum 3,888.00 3,421.44

3. Mild steel or iron work in RCC work


wrought to required shape as necessary
including bending for proper completion
of work including supply of steel &
wastage etc.
69 Kg 40.00 2,760.00

4. Provide and fix C.I. foot steps in the


walls as per direction of Engineer-in-
charge including the cost of cutting and
making good the walls
3 no. 203.71 611.13

5 Unforeseen items Job LS 380.00


Total Rs. 7,427.57

Say Rs. 7,400.00


GOPESHWAR SEWERAGE SCHEME

UNIT ESTIMATE OF SEWER CONNECTING CHAMBER


(Size 0.6 × 0.6 × 1.50 m)

Sl. Item Qty Unit Rate Amount


No. . (Rs.) (Rs.)
1 2 3 4 5 6

1. Excavation for following depths for


sewers, manholes, gully pits,
chambers, sumps etc. in soil mixed
with moorum, shingle, kankar etc.
including cutting of joints, pits
trimming, dressing, levelling,
reffilling of trenches in 20 cm layers,
watering and ramming the same
including disposal of surplus earth
or other dismentled materials upto a
distance of 50 m from the centre of
the trenches.

0-1.5 m B.G.L. 2.02 cum 73.70 148.87


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 0.27 cum 96.00 25.92
2. Cement concrete with 40 mm gauge
stone ballast, local sand & cement
in proportion of 8:4:1 in foundation
including supply of all materials,
labour, T&P etc. required for proper
completion of the work.
0.314 cum 2,557.00 802.90

3.
1st class brick work in 1:4 cement
and local sand mortar in foundation
and plinth including supply of all
materials, labour, T&P etc. required
for proper completion of the work. 1.00 cum 2290.00 2290.00

4.
Same as above but in 1:3 cement
and coarse sand mortar but in arch
work in foundation and plinth
including supply of all materials,
labour, T&P etc. required for proper
completion of the work 0.115 cum 2390.00 274.85

5. Cement concrete with 12 mm gauge


approved stone ballast, coarse sand
and cement in the proportion of
4:2:1 in making kunnit including
supply of all materials, labour, T&P
etc. required for proper completion
of the work 0.117 cum 3,541.00 414.30

6. Flush pointing with 1:2 cement &


coarse sand mortar including
racking, washing etc. all complete.
3.565 sqm 126.00 449.19
7. RCC work with cement & coarse
sand and 12 mm gauge approved
stone ballast in proportion of 1:2:4
excluding supply of reinforcement
and its bending but including its
fixing and binding the same with
0.50 mm thick binding wire in
position and necessary centering
and shuttering including curing and
supply of all materials, labour, T&P
etc. required for proper completion
of the work 0.1 cum 3,888.00 388.80

8. Mild steel or iron work in RCC work


wrought to required shape as
necessary including bending for
proper completion of work including
supply of steel & wastage etc. 1% of
total concrete 1:2:4
0.3 Qtl 4,000.00 1,200.00

9. Provide and fix C.I. foot steps in the


walls as per direction of Engineer-in-
charge including the cost of cutting
and making good the walls
2 no. 203.71 407.42

10. Provide mild steel hooks in RCC


slab including their supply and fixing 2 no. 75.00 150.00

11. Site clearance and other unforseen


item Job L.S. 50.00
Total Rs. 6,602.25

Say Rs. 6,600.00


GOPESHWAR SEWERAGE SCHEME
UNIT ESTIMATE OF SEWER CONNECTING CHAMBER
(Size 0.6 × 0.6 × 3.0 m)

Sl. Item Qty Unit Rate Amount


No. . (Rs.) (Rs.)
1 2 3 4 5 6

1. Excavation for following depths for


sewers, manholes, gully pits,
chambers, sumps etc. in soil mixed
with moorum, shingle, kankar etc.
including cutting of joints, pits
trimming, dressing, levelling,
reffilling of trenches in 20 cm layers,
watering and ramming the same
including disposal of surplus earth
or other dismentled materials upto a
distance of 50 m from the centre of
the trenches.

0-1.5 m B.G.L. 2.02 cum 73.70 148.87


1.5-3.0 m B.G.L. 2.02 cum 96.00 193.92
3.0 - 4.5 m B.G.L. 0.27 cum 123.00 33.21
2. Cement concrete with 40 mm gauge
stone ballast, local sand & cement
in proportion of 8:4:1 in foundation
including supply of all materials,
labour, T&P etc. required for proper
completion of the work.
0.314 cum 2,557.00 802.90

3.
1st class brick work in 1:4 cement
and local sand mortar in foundation
and plinth including supply of all
materials, labour, T&P etc. required
for proper completion of the work. 1.68 cum 2290.00 3847.20

4.
Same as above but in 1:3 cement
and coarse sand mortar but in arch
work in foundation and plinth
including supply of all materials,
labour, T&P etc. required for proper
completion of the work 0.115 cum 2390.00 274.85

5. Cement concrete with 12 mm gauge


approved stone ballast, coarse sand
and cement in the proportion of
4:2:1 in making kunnit including
supply of all materials, labour, T&P
etc. required for proper completion
of the work 0.117 cum 3,541.00 414.30

6. Flush pointing with 1:2 cement &


coarse sand mortar including
racking, washing etc. all complete.
6.84 sqm 126.00 861.84
7. RCC work with cement & coarse
sand and 12 mm gauge approved
stone ballast in proportion of 1:2:4
excluding supply of reinforcement
and its bending but including its
fixing and binding the same with
0.50 mm thick binding wire in
position and necessary cent 0.15 cum 3,888.00 583.20

8. Mild steel or iron work in RCC work


wrought to required shape as
necessary including bending for
proper completion of work including
supply of steel & wastage etc. 1% of
total concrete 1:2:4
0.32 Qtl 4,000.00 1,280.00

9. Provide and fix C.I. foot steps in the


walls as per direction of Engineer-in-
charge including the cost of cutting
and making good the walls
5 no. 203.71 1,018.55

10. Provide mild steel hooks in RCC


slab including their supply and fixing 4 no. 75.00 300.00

11. Site clearance and other unforseen


item Job L.S. 480.00
Total Rs. 10,238.84

Say Rs. 10,240.00


DPR for Gopeshwar

MASTER PLANNING AND DETAILED PROJECT REPORT


FOR
SEWERAGE SCHEME OF GOPESHWAR
(Interception and Diversion)

REPORT

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Authority

Work of preparing Sewerage Scheme Master Plan for Gopeshwar, District


Chamoli was entrusted by Uttaranchal Peyjal Sansadhan Vikas Evam
Nirman Nigam to Sulabh International Academy of Environmental
Sanitation, New Delhi conveyed by the Executive Engineer, Construction
Division (Ganga), Uttaranchal Peyjal Nigam, Srinagar vide letter no. 2658/

dk;Z-4/168 dated 7.11.2006.

Preparation of project report (DPR) has been prompted by the necessity of


abatement of pollution and preservation of adjoining river Alaknanda which
acquires a religious sanctity and is a tributary of Holi river Ganga.

1.2 Gopeshwar/Chamoli, a twin city is situated on the bank of river Alaknanda,


which originates at a height of 3641 m below Balakin peak 16 km
upstream of Badrinath - from two glaciers Bhagirath & Kharak and is a
tributary of River Ganges, the sacred status of which is undisputed. In fact
every river deserves to be preserved at its initial and all stages.
Joshimath, an important town, also lies on its bank in the initial stretch.
This town is also being considered for designing sewerage system to
prevent the pollution of river Alaknanda.

1.3 Gopeshwar/Chamoli lies on the NH 72 which terminates at Mana enroute


to the holi shrine Badrinath. Obviously every year pilgrims from every nook

1
DPR for Gopeshwar

and corner of the country visit the shrine to pay their obeisance. Thus this
town plays an important role as the pilgrims whether relatives of dwellers
or tourists on way to Badrinath tend to halt here both for short as well as
longer duration. They consume water for their daily chores and are
responsible for contributing to waste water and other kinds of filth.
Needless to say that it is of prime importance to ensure that river source is
conserved from the initial stage of its run and residents and visitors are
made to realise this fact and educate them to contribute towards this goal
with all their might.

1.4 In due deference to the resolution adopted by National River conservation


Authority (NRCA), a holistic and integrated approach has been made to
provide sewerage systems with state of the art sewage treatment in all the
towns existing on the banks of major rivers.

1.5 Location and Topography

Gopeshwar is the Hqrs. of Chamoli district and is situated in the hills of


Himalaya ranges on the bank of Holy River Alaknanda. Gopeshwar and
Chamoli the twin city is situated at latitudes 30o 23’ 59’’ North and
longitudes 79o 21’ East. It is situated on Rishikesh Badrinath road at a
distance of 215 Km from Rishikesh, the nearest rail head.

The town is located along East West direction and is situated on the top of
ridge. The topography is undulating within altitudes 1800 m and 900 m
above MSL. The town is hilly and in general slopes from west to east
towards river Alaknanda. The top surface is generally soil mixed with
boulders.

The town being situated at the top of ridge, the climate is tropical and is
extremely cold in winters and mildly hot in summers with maximum
temperature reaching 25o C and minimum in winter below 0o C. Heavy
rainfall occurs during monsoon period i.e. July to September.

2
DPR for Gopeshwar

1.6 Socio Economic Status

The town has been divided into seven zones for water supply
arrangements, the population mainly consists of traders, shopkeepers,
govt. employees and students of educational and vocational institutes
coming from nearby villages. Agriculture is the main occupation. On an
average one person from every family is in the army. It has intermediate
college, girls college, hospital, offices of State and Central Governments.
Facilities like electricity, telephones and drinking water are also available.
Interior roads in the town are mostly bitumen roads.

2.0 PRESENT STATUS OF WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE

2.1 Water Supply

At present water is being supplied to the town with gravity sources. The
town has been divided into seven zones for water supply arrangements.
The water supply was first introduced in the town during 1960-70 and it is
being reorganized from time to time as per the requirements. With a view
of Master Planning of the area with regards to water supply and sewerage
arrangement, water supply reorganization is also being taken up to
upgrade it to 135 lpcd + 15% transmission losses i.e. total 155 lpcd to yield
waste water with a minimum interception, at rate as per guidelines in the
manual of water supply by Central Public Health Environmental
Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO) at rate of 135 lpcd. Following
sources of water are being utilised to meet the demand of water :

Sl. No. Name of source Availability of water (lpm)


1 Sager Gadhera 900
2 Bhanoli Gadhera 500
3 Amrit Dhara 4000
Total 5400 lpm
(7.776 million litres per day)

3
DPR for Gopeshwar

Available sources would be sufficient to feed the population of about


50000 at rate of 155 litres per capita per day. New sources would have to
be tapped for future as the population grows beyond year 2035 i.e. around
mid design period.

2.2 Sewerage

The first sewerage scheme in the town was introduced in the year 1966-
67, named as Chamoli Sewerage scheme. After the shifting of district Hqrs
offices to Gopeshwar, a part of town was covered with sewer facilities and
the main locations in the town which have sewer network, are Chamoli,
Kund colony, District Hospital, Police lines and Upper Nagwar area. Two
numbers of Sewage Treatment Plants consisting of septic tanks and soak
pits, one at Chamoli and another at Nagwar were also constructed. Due to
increase in the area and subsequent population of the town, the demand
for sewerage scheme for whole of the town becomes imminent. This is
further considered necessary due to the fact that all the drains fall into river
Alaknanda which is a tributary of river Ganga.

There exist few nalas passing through various zones but they are far from
river course and during summers they dry up on the way itself. However, it
is proposed to tap these nalas at suitable locations to trap the sullage
flows and convey liquid waste to the zonal STPs. There are no major non
point sources of pollution like dairies, motor garages, cattle wallowing
open area and defecation on sides or river banks, dead body and carcass
dumping etc. There do not also exist polluting industries as well. Land use
of the town and adjoining areas as viewed from the high altitude imagery
consists of forests, about 30% agriculture about 40%, residence, roads
parks etc. 32%.

3.0 NECESSITY OF THE PROJECT

With more and more stress being laid to plan and provide pollution free
environment to entire population and prevent pollution of natural water

4
DPR for Gopeshwar

sources, it has become quite relevant to get the area rid of the situation of
liquid waste flowing outside and then to streets and water streams.

4. POPULATION

4.1 General

As per 2001 Census population of the town was 19775. With a manifold
increase in basic facilities over these years – such as setting up of a
number of professional and vocational institutes, commercial
establishments, permanent population increased rapidly. Provision of a
properly planned sewerage system, with suitable treatment and safe
disposal/utilization of treated sewage has become absolutely essential.
With due scope in planning and design of the system that can
accommodate sewage load of the adjoining rural areas proposed to be
included in the Master Plan. However, for the time being, no sewer
network is to be planned in distant colonies (rural areas) where on line
natural treatment may be resorted to.

4.2 Projection of future Population

The projection of future population has been computed by various


methods as given in the technical note and the same is tabulated below :

Sl. Description of Method Population in the year


No. 2011 2026 2041
1. Arithmetical Increase Method 24492 31567 38643

2. Geometrical Increase Method 36584 92054 231635

3. Incremental Increase Method 24154 30089 35263

4. Semi log Graph Method 24900 41000 65900

5
DPR for Gopeshwar

Conclusion of Population Projection

Different population projection methods have been adopted as given in the


table above. It has been informed that the census figures recorded are on
the lower side because survey for census is carried out in the month of
February when due to cold weather and winter vacations in the
educational institutions many people leave the town. During Yatra season
in summers large number of people including relatives of the dwellers
living in the plains, arrive in the town. After considering these facts and
analyising the above figures, it appears that the Semi log graph method
provides more realiastic projections and hence adopted for designing of
sewerage system of Gopeshwar town. Consequently designed populations
of various years are as follows:-

(1) Population for Base year 2011 - 24900

(2) Population for Middle year 2026 - 41000

(3) Population for Design year 2041 - 65900

4.3 Floating Population

In the absence of any relevant study about the floating population, it is


assessed that about 20% of the permanent population arrives in the town
during summers as floating cum camping population. Out of these about
50% stay with their relatives and rest constitute the floating one. Hence for
the years 2011, 2026 and 2041 contribution of floating population, as
detailed below, has been considered on this account.

Year Floating Population

2011 4980
2026 8200
2041 13180

6
DPR for Gopeshwar

4.4 Population of Villages (Distant Colonies)

There are following villages around the twin city but the same are included
in the municipal limits as colonies of the township and their population is
also included in the census population. However after survey the middle
and final year population of these towns has been computed and given in
the technical statement.

2011 2041

Kshetrapal 300 490


Bhimtalla 350 560
Sailwani 140 230
Gwelon 240 380
Brahmsain 70 120
Gangol Gaon 900 1450
Sager 280 450
Saintuda 70 120
Math 40 60
Total 2390 3860

All these villages are located at sufficiently long distance from the main
township and there is lack of infrastructure and it would be uneconomical
to provide sewer network from these villages upto the STPs in various
zones. It is proposed that on site treatment system, e.g. oxidation ponds,
may be provided.

4.5 Projected population of town and distant colonies

As explained above 50% of floating population is expected to stay for


longer duration and would consume as much water as the permanent
habitat and remaining floating with 20% contribution. Accordingly entire

7
DPR for Gopeshwar

population for design purpose for sewerage system of Gopeshwar town


and adjoining villages for base, middle and design years i.e. 2011, 2026
and 2041 respectively works out as tabulated below :

Population
Year Floating/camping
Permanent Total Say
Equivalent

2011 24900 4980 27888 28000

2026 41000 8200 45920 46000

2041 65900 13180 73808 74000

4.6 Population to be considered for design purposes for STPs.

Table below gives the net population of the town for design purposes :

Year Population of Population of Net population to be


municipal area distant considered for
localities to be design proposal
excluded
2011 24900 1900 23000

2026 41000 2700 38300

2041 74000 3800 70200

5.0 WASTE WATER GENERATION

5.1 Rate of Interception

As suggested in the design criteria and the Manual on sewerage and


sewage treatment of the CPHEEO, an interception factor of 0.80 is to be
adopted. Accordingly production is expected @ 108 lpcd, considering rate
of water supply as 135 lpcd.

8
DPR for Gopeshwar

5.2 Quantity of Sewage Production

The quantities of sewage production in different stages of Master Planning


work out as under :

Year Projected Population Sewage Production


@ 108 lpcd (mld)

2011 28000 3.02 Say 3.0


2026 46000 4.97 Say 5.0
2041 74000 7.99 Say 8.0

6.0 DESIGN OF SYSTEM AND COMPONENTS

The system to improve the environment of the city consists of subsystem,


major part of which is sewage, its collection, treatment and disposal or
reuse. Besides these other components are low cost sanitation,
crematoria, municipal waste, human resource development and industrial
strengthening etc. This DPR has dealt in depth with the design of
conveyance system for sewage, treatment and disposal. Other
components have been briefly explained later.

Domestic sewage consists of mainly liquid waste from toilets, kitchen,


baths and washing of floors. The liquid waste is also generated from
industries, commercial establishment etc. Thus liquid waste of township,
having no industries, is purely of domestic nature. It is generally conveyed
to a suitable place out of the limits of the proposed master plan area
through sewers/rising main and then treated to such an extent that the
effluent meets the standards laid down by the State Pollution Control
Board for final disposal on the land or natural water courses. The
proposed sewers are to carry only domestic waste water as storm water is
to be taken care of by a separate system.

9
DPR for Gopeshwar

6.1 Design periods

Base year, when the scheme is expected to be commissioned, has been


taken as 2011. Accordingly design periods of various components have
been adopted as under.

S. Component Design period Remarks


No. from base year

1. Land 30 Land for STPs belongs to the


acquisition municipality

2. Sewer system 30

3 STP 15 Construction to be carried out


with a modular approach in a
phased manner as the
population grows. Oxidation
ponds in local STPs are
proposed for ultimate year.

4 Effluent 30
disposal

6.1.1 Design Population

Design population has been worked out in the technical statement and the
details have been explained at para 4.

6.1.2 Major Design Considerations

For the design of sewers latest manual on sewerage and sewage


treatment published by the Central Public Health and Environmental
Engineering Organisation, Ministry of Urban Development., G.O.I. has
been followed. Interception factors, Peak factor, Minimum sized of sewer
and other design criteria have been discussed in the technical statement.

10
DPR for Gopeshwar

6.2 Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

Sewage Treatment plants (STPs) for zones have been proposed as ASP
Technology as discussed in following paragraph. For isolated colonies
which have rural setup and where availability of land is no problem,
oxidation ponds have been proposed.

6.3 Effluent Standards

Since no industries are being planned in the project area the liquid waste
is expected to be of the same nature as from the residential and
commercial areas. The BOD, COD, TSS are assumed as 150 to 200, 300-
400 and 300-500 ppm respectively.

The treated effluent would be disposed of into the water only. Hence
following standards shall be adhered to :

BOD < 30 ppm


COD < 100 ppm
SS < 50 ppm
Fecal coliform – 1000

7.0 WORKS PROPOSED

7.1 Zoning :

The index plan of the town with details of survey carried out is attached.
The locations of distant colonies with rural background included in the
Master Plan have also been shown on the sheet. On the index map
tentative contours have been marked indicating the terrain and facilitating
the zoning of the area. Emphasis is being laid on decentralization of STPs
so that sewage treatment may become convenient and people’s
involvement may also be insisted upon in due course of time. Considering
the topography of the town and to avoid pumping, the area of the main

11
DPR for Gopeshwar

town has been divided into 5 zones as mentioned below. For the distant
colonies the treatment is proposed in their outskirts as mentioned earlier.
There exist a few houses adjacent to the bridge on river Alaknanda near
village Mathgaon which are located at lower elevations such that its
sewage may not be transported by gravity to any of the sites of STP. Here
also on site treatment is proposed.

Zoning pf Sewerage Master Plan

S. Zone No & Name of Wards Population Sewege


No. generated in
2001 2041
year 2041
(mld.)
1 A 9 Chamoli Chhetrapal 1100 4360 0.48

2 B 8 Kothiyal Sain 900 5600 0.60

3 C 2 (part) Kund 1600 6400

5 (part) Shivaji Subhash Nagar 2500 9740

6 Nagwad 1600 7700

TOTAL 5700 23840 2.58

4 D 4 (part) Lower Bazar 1353 5400

5 (part) Shivaji Subhash Nagar 841 3300

7 Paduli Papariyana 2016 7200

TOTAL 4211 15900 1.70

5 E 1 Gopehwar gaon-gangoli gaon 1400 4900

2 Kund (part) 540 2200

3 Uppr Bazar 2071 8200

4 Lower Bazar 1300 5200

TOTAL 5311 20500 2.20

GRAND TOTAL 17,831 70200 7.56


Note : Sewage generation has been rounded off.

12
DPR for Gopeshwar

7.2 Interception and Diversion including internal sewers :

Sewer network has been designed by computer software for all zones and
local STPs as appended with the Technical Note. Sub estimate under this
head has been framed in which following major works are proposed. The
design criteria for various units, pipes etc. have been described in
Technical Note of this report.

A. Sewer Pipe

R.C.C. NP2
150 mm to 300 mm dia. (total) 29446 m

C.I. – LA
150 mm to 300 mm dia. (total) 6159 m

B. Sewer Connecting Chambers 281 Nos.

C. Manholes (RCC Circular type)

900 mm dia. 1368 Nos.


1200 mm dia. 62 Nos.

D. RCC sewer connecting chambers


0.6 x 0.6 x 1.5 m 974 Nos.
0.6 x 0.6 x 3 m 167 Nos.

7.3 SEWAGE TREATMENT

Separate estimate has been for the sewage treatment plant

7.3.1 Land Acquisition

Land shall be made available by the State Government from its own
resources for which separate estimate is being prepared.

7.4 Tools and Plants

After the execution of the project its proper functioning is very essential.
To achieve this following T&P is desired. Necessary provision has been
made for the same in the estimate.

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DPR for Gopeshwar

1. Portable pumps to clean the manhole 4 Nos.


2. Suction – cum – Jetting Machine 2 Nos.
3. Trolley Mounted Roding Machine 2 Nos.

7.5 Work Charge Establishment and Contingencies

Provision of 2% and 3% of cost of works has been made for work charged
establishment and contingencies respectively.

8.0 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

The Operation & Maintenance to be borne by the State Government. The


operation and maintenance of STPs for a period of atleast one year after
commissioning is proposed to be done by the firm who will install the
STPs. The provision of the same has not been made in the estimate. The
estimate of O&M shall be prepared after the actual completion of the work.
At that time detailed plan for raising the resources for operation and
maintenance shall become part of the estimate. The main components of
the O&M would be as follows :

1. Energy : Electricity and diesel for standby generating set to meet


the contingency of electric failure.

2. Manpower

3. Consumables

4. Repairs of civil, electrical and mechanical works

9.0 PROJECT MANAGEMENT & INSTITUTIONAL NEEDS

The project is proposed to be implemented through some agency which


would be engaged through open tendering. Departmental staff will
supervise the works and monitor the progress etc.

11.0 SCHEDULE OF RATES

The cost of assessment of the works has been done on the basis of
Schedule of Rates approved by the Department. Market rates have been

14
DPR for Gopeshwar

adopted for these items whose rates are not available/approved by the
department. The annual O&M costs at different stages have also been
worked out.

12.0 FINANCING PATTERN

As decided by the NRCA the financing of the project would be done as


explained below.
1. Govt. of India (NRCD) to bear 70% project cost.

2. State to bear 30% of the cost of project. In addition to that, variation


in centage from 8% to 12.5%, as well as expenditure on work
charged establishment and contingencies shall also be borne by the
State Government.

3. O&M shall be a part of the project and the cost thereon shall be
borne by the state with the assistance of local bodies by involving
the communities for their participation.

4. Any cost overrun in the project due to any reason shall be borne by
the state Govt.

5. The contribution from the beneficiaries and stakeholders can be


raised in one or more of the following forms :

a. Additional development charges, water and sewage cess.

b. Fair assessment, levy and recovery of property tax.

c. House connection charges.

d. Contributions from Development funds of local MPs and MLs.

e. Fine on polluters.

f. Taxes from pilgrims tourists, floating population visiting the


town.

g. Donations from industry, business, associations, voluntary


organisations.

15
DPR for Gopeshwar

To achieve this state Govt. through its various agencies and publicity
mediums shall have to make concerted efforts.

13.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION

13.1 Department shall regularly monitor the improvement in the river water after
implementation of the project. For this well equipped laboratory may be
established at zonal level.

Funds for this and evaluation have been provided in the estimate.

13.2 Completion Report

Department is committed to prepare a completion report on the format


prescribed by NRCD as annexed in the DPR. This exercise would be out
after the completion of the project. Scedule of construction is given in the
bar chart enclosed with this DPR.

14.0 CONCLUSION

Sewerage scheme of Gopeshwar Town has been prepared amounting to


Rs. 1120.00 lacs and submitted for approval and allotment of funds.

Thus the total cost is to be shared by Central and State Governments on


the following basis :

Central Government Rs. 717.00 Lacs


State Government Rs. 403.00 Lacs

Countersigned

(S. C. Gupta) (V. C. Purohit)


General Manager Project Manager
Ganga Pollution Control Unit Ganga Pollution Control Unit
Uttaranchal Peyjal Sansadhan Uttaranchal Peyjal Sansadhan
Vikas Evam Nirman Nigam Vikas Evam Nirman Nigam
Srinagar Srinagar

16
GOPESHWAR SEWERAGE SCHEME
(Interception and Diversion)
SALIENT FEATURES

1. Nature of Project : New Sewerage Scheme


2. Name of Town : Gopeshwar/ Chamoli
3. District : Chamoli
4. Population including floating : Year Population

2011 28000
2026 46000
2041 74000

5. Methods adopted for


Projection of population : (i) Arithmetical Increase Method
(ii) Geometrical Increase Method
(iii) Incremental Increase Method
(iv) Simple Graph Method
(v) Semi Log Graph Method

6. Rate of Water Supply per


capita : 135 lpcd + 15% transmission losses

7. Peak Factor : 3.0 m upto 20,000 population


2.5 – 20,000 to 50,000 population
8. Interception factor : 0.8

9. Types & Lengths of sewer : RCC NP 2 Pipe 150 mm dia. - 28688 m


200 mm dia. - 105 m
250 mm dia. - 104 m
300 mm dia. - 5696 m
CI Class LA 150 mm dia. - 3082 m
200 mm dia. - 1768 m
250 mm dia. - 2342 m
300 mm dia. - 2996 m

10. Total Cost of Project : Rs. 1120.00 lacs

11. Per capita cost of project : Initial Stage (2011) – Rs. 4000.00
Design Period (2041) – Rs. 1513.00

12. Manholes : R.C.C. Circular

900 mm dia. - 1.65 m deep - 1368 Nos.


1200 mm dia., 2.30 m deep - 62 Nos.

13. Sewer Connecting Chambers: 0.60 x 0.60 x 1.50 m deep - 974 Nos.
0.60 x 0.60 x 3.00 m deep - 167 Nos.

(i)
DPR for Gopeshwar

TECHNICAL STATEMENT

1.0 POPULATION

1.1 General

As per 2001 Census population of the town was 19775. With a manifold
increase in basic facilities over these years – such as setting up of a
number of professional and vocational institutes, commercial
establishments, permanent population increased rapidly. Provision of a
properly planned sewerage system, with suitable treatment and safe
disposal/utilization of treated sewage has become absolutely essential.
With due scope in planning and design of the system that can
accommodate sewage load of the adjoining rural areas proposed to be
included in the Master Plan. However, no sewer network is to be planned
in rural areas for the time being where on line natural treatment may be
resorted to.

1.2 Projection of future Population

The population of Gopeshwar/Chamoli town under municipal limits for


various decades as per Census are tabulated below :-

Year Population Decadal Increment Percentage Remarks


Increase al Increase

1961 908 - - - The


population
1971 6356 5448 - 600.00
growth is
1981 9709 3353 (-) 2095 52.75
varying in
2091 15341 5632 2279 58.00 different
2001 19775 4434 (-)1198 28.90 decades

Total 18867 (-)1014


Mean 4717 (-)338

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DPR for Gopeshwar

1.3 Projection of population by different methods

Geometrical Mean = 0.85


Population projections of the town for various years i.e. Base Year, Middle
Year and Design Year have been done as below :

(a) Arithmetical Increase Method

Population Base Year (2011) = 19775+ (10/10 x 4717) = 24492

Population Middle Year (2026) = 19775 + (25/10×4717) = 31567

Population Design Year (2041) = 19775+(40/10 x 4717) = 38643

(b) Geometrical Increase Method

Population Base Year (2011) = 19775 (1+0.85)1 = 36584

Population Middle Year (2026) =19775 (1+0. 85)2.5 =92054

Population Design Year (2041) =19775 (1+0. 85)4 = 231635

(c) Incremental increase Method

Future Population P = Po + nd + ½ n (n+1) C

Where Po = Population of last decade

n = No. of decade

d = Average of decadal increase

c = Incremental increase

Population for Base Year 2011 :

= 19775 + 1.0 x 4717 + 1.0 (1.0 +1) x(- 338)/2

= 24154

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DPR for Gopeshwar

Population for Middle Year 2026 :

= 19775 + 2.50 x 4717 + 2.50 (2.50+1) x (- 338)/2

= 30089

Population for Design Year 2041 :

= 19775 + 4.0 x 4717 + 4.0 (4.0 + 1) x (- 338)/2

= 35263

(D) Semi Log Graph Method :

Future population of Gopeshwar town has been worked out by


plotting on semi log graph paper. Population projected for different
year are as given below :

Base Year 2011 = 24900


Base Year 2026 = 41000
Design Year 2041 = 65900

Sl. Description of Method Population in the year


No. 2011 2026 2041
1. Arithmetical Increase Method 24492 31567 38643

2. Geometrical Increase Method 36584 92054 231635

3. Incremental Increase Method 24154 30089 35263

4. Semi log Graph Method 24900 41000 65900

1.4 Conclusion of Population Projection

Different population projection methods have been adopted as given in the


table above. It has been informed that the census figures recorded are on
the lower side because survey for census is carried out in the month of
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DPR for Gopeshwar

February when due to cold weather and winter vacations in the


educational institutions many people leave the town. During Yatra season
in summers there is a lot of arrivals in the town which include relatives of
the dwellers living in the plains. After considering these facts and
analyising the above figures it appears that the Semi log graph method
provides best suitable projection and hence adopted for designing of
sewerage system of Gopeshwar town. Consequently population of various
years is as follows :-

(1) Population for Base year 2011 - 24900

(2) Population for Middle year 2026 - 41000

(3) Population for Design year 2041 - 65900

1.5 Floating Population

In the absence of any relevant study about the floating population it is


assumed that about 20% of the permanent population arrives in the town
during summers as floating cum camping population. Out of these about
50% stay with their relatives and rest constitute the floating one. Hence for
the years 2011, 2026 and 2041 contribution of floating population, as
detailed below has been considered on this account.

Year Floating Population

2011 4980
2026 8200
2041 13180

1.6 Population of Villages (Distant Colonies)

There are following villages around the twin city but the same are included
in the municipal limits as colonies of the township and their population is

24
DPR for Gopeshwar

also included in the census population. However after survey the initial and
final year population of these towns has been tabulated below:

2011 2041

Kshetrapal 300 490

Bhimtalla 350 560

Sailwani 140 230

Gwelon 240 380

Brahmsain 70 120

Gangol Gaon 900 1450

Sager 280 450


Saintuda 70 120

Math 40 60

All these villages are located at sufficiently long distance from the main
township and there is lack of infrastructure and it would be uneconomical
to provide sewer network from these villages upto the STPs in various
zones. It is proposed that on line treatment through oxidation ponds may
be provided.

1.7 Projected population of town and distant colonies

As explained above 50% of floating population i.e. 10% of permanent


population is expected to stay for longer duration and would consume as
much water as the permanent habitat. Remaining 10% shall be visiting the
town temporarily and would consume 20% of water supply. Accordingly
entire population for design purpose for sewerage system of Gopeshwar
town and adjoining villages for base, middle and design years i.e. 2011,
2026 and 2041 respectively works out as tabulated below :

25
DPR for Gopeshwar

Year Gopeshwar/Chamoli town


Permanent Floating Camping Total Say
which which equivalent
consume consume
20% water full supply
2011 24900 2190 2190 27888 28000
2026 41000 4100 4100 45920 46000
2041 65900 6590 6590 73808 74000

1.8 Population to be considered for design purposes

Year Population of Population of Net population to


municipal area distant localities be considered for
to be excluded design proposal
2011 24900 1900 23000
2026 41000 2700 38300
2041 74000 3800 70200

2.0 WATER SUPPLY

Water is being supplied from gravity sources the details of which is given
below :

Sl. No. Name of source Availability of water (lpm)

1 Sager Gadhera 900

2 Bhanoli Gadhera 500

3 Amrit Dhara 4000

Available sources would be sufficient to fed the population of about 50000.


New sources would have to be tapped for future as the population grows
beyond year 2035.

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DPR for Gopeshwar

3.0 QUANTITY OF SEWAGE PRODUCTION

3.1 Rate of Interception

As suggested in the design criteria and the Manual on sewerage and


sewage treatment of the CPHEEO, an interception factor of 0.80 is to be
adopted. Accordingly production is expected @ 108 lpcd, considering rate
of water supply as 135 lpcd.

Quantity of Sewage Production

The quantities of sewage production in different stages of Master Planning


work out as under :

Year Projected Population Sewage Production


@ 108 lpcd (mld)

2011 28000 3.02 say 3.0


2026 46000 4.97 say 5.0
2041 74000 7.99 say 8.0

3.2 Zoning and zone wise waste water generation :-

The town has been divided into 5 zones according to topography of the
area as given in the table below.

Sl. Zone No & Name of Wards Population Sewage


No. generated
in (mld.)
2001 2026 2041 2026 2041

1 A 9 Chamoli Chhetrapal 1100 2400 4360 0.26 0.48


2 B 8 Kothiyal Sain 900 3100 5600 0.33 0.60
3 C 2 (part) Kund 1600 6400
5 (part) Shivaji Subhash Nagar 2500 9740
6 Nagwad 1600 7700
TOTAL 5700 13000 23840 1.40 2.58

27
DPR for Gopeshwar

Sl. Zone No & Name of Wards Population Sewage


No. generated
in (mld.)
2001 2026 2041 2026 2041

4 D 4 (part) Lower Bazar 1353 5400


5 (part) shivaji Subhash Nagar 841 3300
7 Paduli Papariyana 2016 7200
TOTAL 4211 8700 15900 0.94 1.70
5 E 1 Gopehwar gaon-gangoli gaon 1400 4900
2 Kund (part) 540 2200
3 Uppr Bazar 2071 8200
4 Lower Bazar 1300 5200
TOTAL 5311 11000 20500 1.20 2.20
GRAND TOTAL 17831 38300 70200 4.13 7.56

Note : Sewage generation has been rounded off.

In addition to above zonal STPs, local STPs at following localities are


proposed where oxidation ponds are proposed. These ponds are
proposed to be designed for ultimate year as their capacity is not very
large.

Sl. Location Population Sewage generated


No. 2026 2041 in kld
1 Kshetrapal 330 490 50
2 Bhimtalla 380 560 60
3 Gwelon 270 380 40
4 Selwani 170 230 25
5 Sagar 310 450 50
6 Gangolgaon 1020 1450 160
7 Saintuda 90 120 15
8 Brahmsain 90 120 15
9 Math 40 60 7

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DPR for Gopeshwar

4.0 Design of System and components

The system to improve the environment of the city consists of subsystem,


major part of which is sewage, its collection, treatment and disposal or
reuse. Besides these other components are low cost sanitation.
Crematoria, municipal waste, Human resource development and Industrial
strengthening etc. This DPR has dealt in depth with the design of
conveyance system for sewage, treatment and disposal. Other
components have been briefly explained later.

Domestic sewage consists of mainly liquid waste from toilets, kitchen,


baths and washing of floors. The liquid waste is also generated from
industries, commercial establishment etc. The liquid waste of township,
having no industries, is purely of domestic nature. It is generally conveyed
to a suitable place out of the limits of the proposed master plan area
through sewers/rising main and then treated to such an extent that the
effluent meets the standards laid down by the State Pollution Control
Board for final disposal on the land or natural water courses. The
proposed sewers are proposed to carry only domestic waste water as
storm water is to be taken care of by a separate system.

4.1 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

4.1.1 Sewers

Sewers have been designed as per latest manual on Sewerage and


Sewage Treatment, issued by the ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of
India as published by the Central Public Health and Environmental
Engineering organisation.

4.1.2 Interception Factor

It is assumed that 80% of water supply is likely to reach sewers.


Accordingly sewage flow has been calculated for designing the system.

29
DPR for Gopeshwar

4.1.3 Nala tapping works

Nala tapping works have been proposed through gully pits on the course
of nala so as to intercept the dry weather flow and divert it to nearby
sewer.

4.1.4 Infiltration

Where the sewers are laid below subsoil water level, some quantity of
ground water is likely to enter into sewer through leaking sewer joints and
manholes. The quantity depends upon the workmanship in laying the
sewers and construction of manholes, levels of ground water because of
varying situations and parameters.

The manual recommends a minimum of 500 litres per km. per day
irrespective of diameters of sewers laid below ground water table. The
quantity works out to 0.0058 l.p.s. per km. of sewers and a total of 0.112
lps for the total length of sewers (19.37 kms.). This quantity is too small
apart from the fact that due to hilly terrain no subsoil water is likely to be
encountered and therefore it has not been considered in the flow while
designing the sewers.

4.1.5 Peak Flow

The flow in sewers varies considerably from hour to hour and also
seasonally, but for the purpose of hydraulic design it is the estimated peak
flow that is adopted.

The peak factor is the ratio of maximum to average flows. It depends upon
contributory population and the CPHEEO Manual recommends the
following values, which are being proposed :

30
DPR for Gopeshwar

Population Contributory Peak Factor

Upto 20,000 3.0


20,000 to 50,000 2.5

4.1.6 Minimum Size of Sewers

The minimum size of public sewers will be 150 mm diameter to avoid


frequent choking and facilitate cleaning.

4.1.7 Material of Sewers

D.I.K-7 pipes with are proposed upto 3 m/sec maximum velocity of flow, as
per policy of the department. However it would be advised to review it in
favour of RCC huma pipes at the time of execution.

4.1.8 Hydraulic Design Criteria for Sewers

The design of sewer network involves selection of appropriate size and


slope of a pipe to meet the requisite hydraulic parameters and such as
regime velocities, quantity of flow, minimum and maximum cover depths,
etc. for available commercial diameter of pipes.

The hydraulic design of sewers, shall be got done by the computer


programme developed for the purpose. The programme uses Manning’s
equation for calculating regime velocities in the sewers, which is given by :

V = 1 R 2/3 S1/2
n

Where

V = Velocity in m/sec
n = Manning’s roughness coefficient
R = Hydraulic radius in metres
S = Hydraulic slope
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DPR for Gopeshwar

4.1.9 Depth of Flow

The sewers are not generally designed to run full, considering that some
space in sewers should be available for ventilation. All sewers shall been
designed to run to a maximum of 0.8 depth of ultimate peak flow.

4.1.10 Velocity Considerations

The Shields formula indicates that velocity required to transport material in


sewers is only slightly dependent on conduit shape and depth of flow, but
mainly dependent on the particle size and specific weight. A velocity of
0.60 mps would be required to transport sand particles of 0.09 mm with a
specific gravity of 2.65. Hence a minimum velocity of 0.8 mps at design
peak flow and 0.6 mps for present peak flow is recommended in sewers.

The flow in sewers varies widely from hour to hour and also seasonally,
but for purpose of hydraulic design, the estimated peak flow is adopted.
However, it is to be ensured that a minimum velocity is maintained in the
sewers even during minimum flow conditions. At the same time the
velocity should not be excessive to cause erosion of sewers.

It is necessary to size the sewers to have adequate capacity for the peak
flow to be achieved at the end of design periods and to avoid steeper
gradients and deeper excavations. It is desirable to design the sewers for
higher velocities wherever possible. This is done on the assumption that
although silting might occur at minimum flow, but it is flushed during the
peak flows. However, the problem of silting may have to be faced in the
early years particularly in smaller sewers which are designed to flow part
full at the end of the design period. Similarly upper reaches of laterals
pose a problem as they flow only partially full even at the ultimate design
of flow because of adopting the prescribed minimum size of sewer. In such
situations flushing arrangements may be required in the initial years.

32
DPR for Gopeshwar

Erosion of sewers is caused by sand and other gritty materials in the


sewer and also by excessive velocity. It is recommended that the velocity
should not exceed 3.0 mps in R.C.C. sewers.

The topography of the area is such that there are steep slopes and the
problem of achieving minimum velocity is not likely to be encountered.
However, due to steep slopes, the velocity of more than 3.0 mps is likely to
be encountered at few places. It has been proposed to lay R.C.C. NP 2
sewers where the velocities are upto 3.0 mps and at places where
velocities are more than 3.0 mps and in nala crossings Cast Iron LA pipes
shall be proposed. C.I.L.A. pipes shall also be proposed.

6.1.11 Depth of Sewers and Bedding

A minimum cover of 1.0 meter earth over the soffit of a sewer is proposed
so as to facilitate house connections and protect the pipe from external
load and impact. The project area being in hilly terrain, after excavation of
trenches the bed is likely to be uneven where rocks are met. In such
places sand bedding 100mm to 150 mm thick is to be provided to
distribute load evenly.

6.1.12 Sewer Appurtenances

The criteria for providing various appurtenances are given below :

(a) Manholes

A manhole is an opening constructed on the alignment of sewers to


facilitate a person to have access to sewer for purpose of
inspection, interception of the sewers and cleaning of sewers.
Circular R.C.C. manholes as per departmental type design 0.9 m
diameter shall be proposed at every junction, change in alignment
or gradient, drop in sewers, interception of sewers, change in
diameter of sewer and the type of material of sewers. Where the

33
DPR for Gopeshwar

gradients are steep, drop manholes shall be provided to lay the


sewers within ruling gradients.

The maximum spacing of manholes is proposed as 30 m centre to


centre in straight reaches to facilitate cleaning of sewers.

(b) Manhole Covers and Frames

The cost of Cast Iron (CI) is increasing day by day, and its covers
are prone to pilferage and misuse since they possess a high resale
value. This may result in financial loss due to the need for
replacement of stolen covers, accidents due to open manholes, and
other environmental problems. Precast concrete manhole covers
and frames being economical to C.I. manhole covers and frames
are now being preferred and used now a days. They are also
approved as per IS : 12592 (1998)

The manufacturing process of precast concrete manhole covers


and frame is simple and requires only ordinary locally available
machinery, such as mixers, vibrators, steel moulds, hydraulic jacks
etc. These products can be produced in existing factories producing
precast concrete products.

Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) heavy duty manhole


frames and covers 560 mm diameter are being proposed.

(c) Gully Traps


Road gullies are commonly provided along sewer lines for
intercepting sullage.

(d) Ventilating Shafts


In a modern well designed sewerage system, there is no need to
provide ventilation on such elaborate scale as used to be
considered necessary in the past, specially with the present day
policy to omit intercepting traps in house connections. The

34
DPR for Gopeshwar

ventilating columns are not necessary where intercepting traps are


not provided. However, it is necessary to make provision for the
escape of air to take care of the exigencies of full flow and also to
keep the sewage as fresh as possible specially in out fall sewers.
Being a hilly terrain with steep slopes the velocity in the sewers in
generally about 3 mps and more than 3 mps in some stretches in
out fall sewer. With good velocities and sewers being not designed
to run full with the result that the sewage is not likely to get septic.
And as such, ventilating shafts are not being proposed. However, it
is proposed that the manholes on the trunk sewers be provided with
SFRC heavy duty ventilating covers at a spacing of about 300
metres.

7.1.13 Class ‘A’ Loading

Alignment where truck load has an access has been considered under this
category.

7.1.14 Class ‘B’ Loading

Where trucks are not accessible and only tractors are plying, have been
considered in this classification.

Based upon classification of vehicular loading i.e. ‘A’ and ‘B’ total load on
a conduit is worked out and compared with safe supporting strength of
pipe, and accordingly as per the necessity following types of beddings are
proposed.
CLASS ‘B’ Compacted granular bedding with carefully compact back fill.
CLASS ‘A’a Plane concrete cradle with lightly tamped back fill.
CLASS ‘A’b Plane concrete cradle with carefully tamped back fill.

7.1.15 Excavation of Trenches & Timbering

The width of the trench should as far as possible be kept as outer


diameter of the pipe plus 20 cm free working space on each side of the

35
DPR for Gopeshwar

pipe. However, as per design criteria of the department based on local


conditions the minimum width of the trench has been kept as 1.0 m.
Trenches are proposed to be excavated in telescopic form with the
minimum width as above at bottom with 25cms offsets on both sides at
every 1.50 meter depth from ground level. For depth less than 1.50 meter
no timbering has been proposed. Open timbering upto 3.00 meter and
close timbering above 3.0 m depth have been proposed. However,
considering local conditions and nature of soil during excavation
necessary changes may be decided by competent authority. This is
essential for safe working conditions.

7.1.16 Flushing of Sewers

Flushing of sewers in branches has been proposed in the design chart


where velocity is less than 60cm/sec. Provision of flushing tanks has not
been made in this project. However it is recommended that flushing should
be done at the heads of sewers by maintenance authority with the help of
mobile flushing vans.

7.1.17 Manholes

Various types of manholes are to be provided to facilitate cleaning and


inspection of sewers depending on the depth and sizes of sewers.
Following table gives the sizes of various manholes to be adopted for
different diameters of sewers and for different depths :

Type of Dia of the pipes in Size of Depth of


Manholes mm Manholes Manholes
(m)
RCC Circular 150 mm to 500 mm 900 mm dia 1.65
dia. 1200 mm dia 2.30

7.1.18 Spacing of Manholes

Manholes are spaced at maximum 30 meters upto 300mm dia. Besides,


the manholes are also provided at junctions of sewers, changes in
gradient/direction of sewers and at places of drop.
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DPR for Gopeshwar

7.1.19 House Connecting Sewer Chambers

Sewer connecting chambers are proposed to be provided at suitable


places.

7.1.20 Bench Mark

Survey of India Bench Mark is located in the Verandah of PWD Inspection


House at Gopeshwar. The survey work has been carried out from this
Bench Mark.

7.1.21 Design periods

Base year, when the scheme is expected to be commissioned, has been


taken as 2011. Accordingly design periods of various components have
been adopted as under.

S. Component Design Remarks


No. period from
base year
1. Land acquisition 30 Land for STPs belongs to the
municipality
2. Sewer system 30
3 STP 15 Construction to be carried out
with a modular approach in a
phased manner as the
population grows. For local STPs
oxidation ponds have been
design for ultimate flow.
4 Effluent disposal 30

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