Name: Sakina Rubinia

NIM: 21321307

1.What is Media Convergence? Give an example in today's digital era!

Media convergence is a process of merging various forms of media content consisting of
photos, text, images, videos, and audio, which can be displayed into one in a single
media. Brigg (2006:326), states that convergence leads to a marriage between computers
and telecommunications which is followed by the merging of the media and
telecommunications industries. At the company level, media convergence brings together
companies engaged in computer networks, telecommunications, and content providers.
Converged communication provides a variety of tools to convey a message. This media
convergence makes it possible for mass media audiences to interact with mass media or
even fill in mass media content. Media convergence theory was introduced by Henry
Jenkins in his book entitled Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide in
2006. Media convergence is a phenomenon that involves the interconnection of
information and communication technology, computer networks, and media.
Examples of media convergence:
• Media Indonesia ( metro TV, Metrotv.com)
• Kompas (Kompas.com, Kompas TV)
2. a. Explain the meaning of the curve below about Technological Disruption!
Disruptive technology is an innovation that significantly changes the way consumers,
industries, or businesses operate. This disruptive technology cleans up the system or habit
that is replaced because it has recognizable superior attributes. Examples of disruptive
technologies include e-commerce, GPS systems, online news sites, etc. Clayton
Christensen introduced disruptive technology in a Business Review article in 1995.
Christensen then expanded on the topic in The Innovator's Dilemma, published in 1997.
Since then it has become a buzzword in startup businesses seeking to create products with
mass appeal. Even startups with limited resources can aim for disruptive technologies by
creating new ways to get things done.
Disruptive technology is a new innovative technology that is not directly related to the
improvement of technology that has been used intensively but promises a change in the
form of a breakthrough that can disrupt the order of life that is already underway.
Disruptive technology changes business patterns that are initially complicated, into
businesses that are faster and more efficient. Through disruptive technology, market
niches or consumer segments can be reached and served at lower costs with faster service
delivery.
b. How disruptive technology will affect the communications profession in the future?
Disruptive technologies often create new markets. They build their value network and are
often perceived as risky outliers. This technology completely replaces its predecessors by
offering revolutionary benefits that are superior. When disruptive technology enters
existing markets, it renders current goods or processes obsolete. To be truly disruptive,
 technology must be easily accessible. Revolutionary inventions are often not disruptive
because they are too expensive for the average consumer.
3. a. How do communication technology and science affect people's culture?
Communication technology has an important impact on the fundamental aspects of all
our culture consisting including Language, mobility, arts, religion, and Education.
Culture is a community that acts as a standard for understanding, assessing, and
evaluating technology. Since technology affects all the existing components of culture, it
determines the direction of cultural development. This is corroborated by Hall's opinion,
which concludes that culture is the result of a continuous process of communication
among members of society. Technology can shape individuals to think and behave in
society, and it is the technology that ultimately directs humans to move. When
communication technology is increasingly advanced, it has its influence on one's culture.
Culture will be increasingly eroded because the community itself forgets and does not
develop the existing culture. Culture can be replaced by communication technology so
that it forms human beings who are completely dependent. Therefore, technology must be
in harmony with the socio-cultural conditions of the community. Rational balance allows
people to exercise freedom of expression in a technical world that transcends one's
ethnicity, age, or educational level.
b. How can culture and science drive technological advancement?
There is always a connection between culture and technology. Culture and technology
influence each other significantly. As culture changes, so do technology developed. With
developments in communications, manufacturing, and engineering, culture has been
reshaped by liberating people from small farms by choice or coercion, disseminating
information, and creating landscapes. Technological developments have changed the
culture to be positive but also negative. Culture in turn drives the development of
technology. Society is a shared understanding of its personality which is its culture, and
knowledge which is the knowledge that is used to create the technology needed to
achieve its goals. Culture influences how science and technology are developed: what
kind of methods are preferred, how rigorous the development processes are, and how
quickly and what kind of result should be demonstrated.
4. What do you know about the global village? Give an example in today's digital era!
The global village is a phenomenon of today's globalization that can be recognized from
its consequences, namely the weakening of national boundaries, local culture, and loss of
identity, threatening the national economy during capital expansion, and increasing
international migration. McLuhan (1962) explains that the unprecedented phenomenon of
electronic interdependence has re-created the world into an imaginary global village.
McLuhan said that technological developments affect the whole society where they live
in the imagination of a shared room, which is likened to a global village. The global
village is a paradigm view and philosophy of thought that accepts one or a few cultural
ideas, encouraging people to stick to a dominant group of values. For example, it is easy
 to find goods from abroad in their own country because of international trade or between
countries assisted by communication and transportation technology.
5. Below is a table of three approaches to the existence of technology. Your task is to fill in the
blank table with arguments and examples of their views on the “internet”

Dystopian They believe that face to face
communication is better than
electronic and digital
mediated interactions.
Neo-Futurist They believe that technology
has a power that disrupt
everything in its path, and
seeks to build a hopeful
future
Techno-Realist Two important statements
from this approach are: (1)
Technology is not neutral (2)
The Internet is revolutionary
but not a utopia
The destopians are very
careful and critical of the
application of communication
technology. Because the
impact is the disruption of
life.
They want to restore the
essential qualities that are
degraded in contemporary
societal interactions.
The opposite of dystopian.
This approach applies the
over-optimism of the first
wave, futurism.
Offers a middle-way between
the two-opposing tensions of
Dystopian and Neo-Futurist.
This understanding places
critical aspects in relation to
communication practices,
while still emphasizing
attention to human values.