CHAPTER 2

EXERCISE 2.1

Name: Patilano, Eduardo Jr. O. Date: March 20, 2021

Course & year: BSEE-3B_e2 Score:

Identify what is being describe in the following items.

FRANCISCO ANTONIO PIGAFETTA 1. It refers to the complete name of the chronicler of the
document entitled, “The Voyage around the world.”

ATLANTIC OCEAN 2. It is the first ocean where the sailing ships headed by
Ferdinand Magellan crossed after leaving Spain in 1519.

STRAIT OF MAGELLAN 3. It is small passage or isthmus traversed by Magellan’s

fleet somewhere at the tip of the South American continent.

PACIFIC OCEAN 4. It is the vast water body that can be found east of the
Philippine Islands.

MAZAUA 5. It is the term used by Pigafetta which refers to the

island where the historic mass was celebrated.

NINO DE CEBU 6. It refers to the gift which was given by Magellan to the
native queen.

LAPU-LAPU 7. It refers to the name of the chief of Matan who had

defended his people, territory, and defeated Magellan in the Battle.

27 APRIL 1521 8. It is the complete date of the historic battle of Matan

(Mactan).

JUANA 9. It refers to the Christian name given to the first

baptized queen who had the great conversion according to Pigafetta.

6 SEPTEMBER 1522 10. It is the exact date of arrival of the remaining fleet in
San Lucar, Spain.

CHAPTER 2
EXERCISE 2.2
Name: Patilano, Eduardo Jr. O. Date: March 20, 2021
Course & year: BSEE-3B_e2 Score:

Give a concise explanation/discussion on the following items.

1. What is the primary reason of the author in writing the document? How was it produce?

 The primary reason of the author in writing the document is that he wanted to detail his
journey across the globe and where he could get something to remember and keep.
Exploration is the main theme.

2. What is the main theme in the document? Explain briefly.

 Statements of authenticity and/or integrity

 The Magellan Route is a global set of paths across seas, continents, islands and even stars of
all over the world. The route of Magellan completes the star map of the Earth.

3. What specific information of importance is provided in the text? Explain its importance to the
understanding of Philippine History.

 Magellan’s voyage is an important document since it was the first to set sail across the
globe and led to the information about the International Date Line. The chronicle of
Pigafetta was one of the most cited documents by historians who wished to study the
precolonial Philippines. As one of the earliest written accounts, Pigafetta was seen as a
credible source for a period, which was prior unchronicled and undocumented.

4. What light does it shed on people, their politics and economy, religious and cultural practices?
Analyze the text.

 Religious and cultural practices can affect more than a particular person’s habits because it
shapes the beliefs of an entire community in a certain place, region, or nation.

5. What is your personal evaluation on the impact of the document in the understanding of the
16th century people and their culture in the islands?

 Antonio Pigafetta was a Venetian scholar and explorer. He joined the expedition to the
Spice Islands led by explorer Ferdinand Magellan under the flag of King Charles I of Spain
and, after Magellan's death in the Philippines, the subsequent voyage around the world. It
is the first recorded document concerning the language. Pigafetta was one of the 18 men
who returned to Spain in 1522, under the command of Juan Sebastián Elcano, out of the
approximately 240 who set out three years earlier.

CHAPTER 2
EXERCISE 2.3

Name: Patilano, Eduardo Jr. O. Date: March 20, 2021

Course & year: BSEE-3B_e2 Score:

A. Write true if the statement is correct, otherwise, write false.

TRUE 1. The Tagalogs believe in the other life, mortality, and the place of anguish called
Casanaan.

TRUE 2. The belief behind the practice of blindfolding among girls who had their first
monthly courses was for them to be able to bear children and keep a lifetime marriage.

FALSE 3. The Tagalog alipin was categorized into aliping saguiguilir who claims privileges
and the aliping namamahay who can be sold.

FALSE 4. The lands on the tingues were divided among the barangay people.

FALSE 5. Other than the sun and the moon, the Tagalogs had one idol worshipped which
they called Badhala, a title that signify “benevolence”.

B. Identify what is being described in the following items.

JUAN DE PLASENCIA 1. He is the author of the document entitled “Customs of the Tagalog”.

BARANGAY 2. It is the term used to refer to the political unit established by the
Tagalogs.

DATO/DATU 3. It is the term used to refer the person who has the authority to
establish control over his people.

DEATH PENALTY 4. It is the punishment imposed on insult of the dato’s daughter and
witchcraft.

CATOLONAN 5. It is the term used to refer to the priest, either man or woman who
held honorable office.

CHAPTER 2
EXERCISE 2.4

Name: Patilano, Eduardo Jr. O. Date: March 20, 2021

Course & year: BSEE-3B_e2 Score:
Give a concise explanation/discussion on the following items.

1. What is the physical nature of the document (letter, report, etc.)? What are the major premises
presented about the Tagalog in Luzon?

 The term Tagalog is a combination of two words, taga and ilog, which literally means
“people living along the riverbank.” The Tagalogs are famous for their so-called
“Bayanihan” spirit, which is interpreted as striving in cooperation with fellow villagers in
doing any heavy manual labor to make the task easier.

2. What was the author’s main argument? What was he trying to say about the customs of the
tagalog?

 Juan de Plasencia was not a native Tagalog, but he is a Spanish friar who came in the
Philippines in 1577 given a tasked by the king of Spain to record/write a document about
the customs and traditions of the people in the Philippines based on his own observations
and judgements.

3. What do you know about the author like his nationality, occupation, and/or position? Does
any of these, matter? Why?

 The author who wrote the document was Miguel Juan de Plasencia. He is a Spanish friar of
the Francian order. He was a missionary where he spent most of his life here in the
Philippines. He made books that relates to religion.

4. What was the author’s purpose of writing the document?

 Its main purpose is to promote the understanding of both the Spanish language among the
natives, and the local languages among the missionaries, to facilitate the task of spreading
Christianity.

5. What is the important connection of the document to your recognition and appreciator of the
Tagalog customs?

 Juan de Plasencia was simply reporting to the king of Spain what he learned and observed
of the Tagalogs. To make of him a scholar of great importance is like taking the opinion of a
biology student as good medical advice instead of consulting a physician. Plasencia was
hardly an anthropologist (anthropology as a science started in the 1920’s). He was simply a
Franciscan friar.

CHAPTER 2
ACTIVITY

Name: Patilano, Eduardo Jr. O. Date: March 20, 2021

Course & year: BSEE-3B_e2 Score:

1. Mind mapping. Create a mind map of the important concepts on the following:
A. Political Organization

KING QUEEN

MONARCHY
ANARCHY
DEMOCRACY
GOVERNMENT

PRESIDENT MILITARY
REGIME
REPUBLIC

PARLIAMENT

B. Economic Organization

ECONOMIC
SYSTEMS

ECONOMIC ECONOMIC ECONOMIC

AGENTS ORGANIZATION FACTORS

ECONOMIC
SECTORS
C. Cultural Practices and Traditions

MUSIC,
ARTS, AND RELIGION
LITERITURE FIESTAS

MEALS CELEBRATIONS
CULTURAL
TRADITIONS
AND PRACTICES CHRISTMAS
FAMILY
STRUCTURE SPORTS NEW YEAR

BASKETBALL NOCHE BUENA

 CHAPTER 2
EXERCISE 2.5

Name: Patilano, Eduardo Jr. O. Date: March 20, 2021

Course & year: BSEE-3B_e2 Score:

Give a concise explanation/discussion on the following items.

A. Situate art object in historical context.

1. What do you know about the period of the painting? Include in the discussion following:
biographical data of the artist, information about how the painting was received in its time, and
important social, political, and economic constructs of the time.

 Going back into the very past time, history painting is already present at the old age. It
depicts visual representations of concrete happenings in the life of the people in the past.
One concrete example would be the “Spolarium” made by Juan Luna last 1884. This artist
Juan Luna was famous for his works and best known for his impressive rendition of
classical subjects. Though his works turned into realism depicting “social inequalities” it
also includes historical senses and portraiture. His painting “Spoliarium” received an
uproar in his time since the painting portrayed a despoiling scene in Roman circus where
dead gladiators are stripped of weapons and garments. He painted to awaken Filipinos
from ignorance, blindness, mental darkness, and oppression from our colonizers, which at
that time would be the Spaniards.

2. What is the qualities profound in the painting that shows the skill of the artist in replicating
reality?

 Juan Luna made his works with an amicable connection through various shadings, even
delivering the lights. He had the option to bring up the interest of his works which is the
repulsiveness of the bodies. Spoliarium becomes a united one with asymmetrical patterns
of components and this asymmetrical pattern provides a comparison between light and
darkness. As all of these factors combined, the message of this painting which is human
rights violation is well-pointed out.

3. What evidence can you provide to support your main claim on the important depiction of the
painting?

 As this piece was released, Rizal a medical student at that time, the soon-to-be-national
hero had yet to write his novels, although he had already earned the respect of the Filipinos
in Madrid because of his academic records and impressive written pieces. In his signature
poetic style, Rizal observed that the painting reflects the "spirit of our social, moral, and
spiritual life, humanity subjected to trials unredeemed, reason in open fight with prejudice,
fanaticism and injustice. "The Philippines is more than a veritable Spoliarium with all its
horrors! There it lies in mangled fragments, humanity massacred, the rights of man
perverted! There is no semblance of justice for the common man and liberty is cinders,
ashes and dust!" The brilliance of Luna was further redefined as the rise of the Filipino race.
Thus, Rizal's famous words, "Genius has no country; genius bursts forth everywhere;
genius is, like light and air, the patrimony of all."
 CHAPTER 2
ACTIVITY

Name: Patilano, Eduardo Jr. O. Date: March 20, 2021

Course & year: BSEE-3B_e2 Score:

Explore: Compare Famous Paintings of Luna and Amorsolo

The students will search online for two paintings, one from Luna and the other one from
Amorsolo. They will discuss the ideas portrayed in the paintings.

Juan Luna
Title of the Painting Elements/Principles Meaning/Message
1. Spoliarium The elements that are This is one of the famous artworks by Juan
observed in the artwork Luna, it depicts of a basement of the Roman
are line, light, shape, Colosseum where the fallen gladiators from
and time. The principles the fight dumped and devoid of their
of design present in the worldly possessions.
painting are proportion
and unity.
2. The Blood Compact The elements present in The blood compact made by Juan Luna also a
the artwork are shape, famous artwork shows an ancient ritual way
line, color, and time. of sealing a friendship or treaty or to validate
The principles that are an agreement between contracting parties.
present in the painting They would cut their wrists and pour their
are unity and balance. blood into a cup with wine and drink the
mixture.

Fernando Amorsolo
Title of the Painting Elements/Principles
1. The First Mass in the The elements present in
Philippines the painting are color,
value, time, and space.
The principles depicted
in the artwork are
balance and unity.
2. Making of the The elements observed
Philippine Flag in the artwork are time,
value, shape, and space.
The principles present
in the artwork are unity
and balance.
Meaning/Message
Fernando Amorsolo also made an artwork
depicting the first mass in the Philippines
where it was held on March 1521, Easter
Sunday at Limasawa Island in the Province
of Leyte. It is hereby declared the birth of
Christianity in the Philippines.
This artwork of Amorsolo depicts on how the
Philippine flag was made (sewed) by the
three women namely Marcela Agoncillo, her
daughter Lorenza, and Delfina Herbosa niece
of Dr. Jose Rizal.
 CHAPTER 2
EXERCISE 2.6

Name: Patilano, Eduardo Jr. O. Date: March 20, 2021

Course & year: BSEE-3B_e2 Score:

Interpretation of the Caricature. Fill-out correctly the table as asked.

Caricature Objects/people Meaning of each Important clues Political issued presented

title that you see symbol
(objects/people)
#1. A New A white-skinned The man depicts Torren’s title This shows the inequality
Wrinkle in man standing on oppression made required of the capitalists over the
the Art of the hill such as landowners relinquishment of farmers. The issue of
Thieving overwatching the or capitalists. Now customary claims taking advantage of
workers and this workers and to issue titles, to farmers with the “Torren’s
farmers with farmers are the grab land in Title” as an excuse.
their carabaos Filipino people that Nueva Ecija and Capitalism at its best
working under was taken other Central example.
the flaming sun. advantage by the Luzon provinces
capitalists. Farmers were
labelled as
homesteaders
which means
people who settles
lawfully on
government land
with the intention
of acquiring title
#2. It shows Filipinos The sailors with Grotesque figures Filipino complaints about
Memories which most likely their grotesque with big noses, the American veterans
of the Visitlooks like appearance show American sailors which stayed in the
children who are the arrogance of poured into provinces living off with a
kneeling in front American sailors as Manila off the US Filipina wife and engaging
of American they strutted in Fleet, crowding in various drunken brawls.
sailors Manila. It shows the into bars and It shows criticism towards
shining/cleaning US colonialism brothels, with US Colonialism. If U.S rule
their shoes. These which sends us the calesa drivers and were like the sailor’s visits,
sailors have idea that Filipinos shoeshine boys would the Filipinos not
cigarettes in their are submissive, and following their end their decades of
mouth looking we are only the dirt wake. submission with nothing
down upon the under the more than dirt from
Filipinos. American’s shoes. America’s shoes.
#3. Manila: It shows a poor During the early Important clues The imminent problem
The man asking a part of the include the meat would be the social
Corruption police officer a American and the question of inequality due to the rising
of the City question. He colonization, the poor man to capitalism brought by the
asked if it were capitalism is the police. Americans.
true that there is emerging thus
a place who gives making the gap
underweight between the rich
meat, the officer and poor bigger.
replied yes then The meat in this
 the man asked situation represents
again if there was the meat/food
a place who gives which are given
meat for free. during the fancy
parties of the
aristocrats or the
rich part of the
society. The poor
man is the poverty-
stricken Filipinos
while the police is
like the henchman
of the rich following
their orders for
money.
#4. It depicts people, It symbolizes that Important clues Problems includes
Convenien which are the gambling is so involve the Conan rampant gambling,
t Blindness officials of the rampant that even peso that are corrupted officials
town gambling the officials who covering the (corruption), greed and
outside the must stop it are so official’s eyes and lack of decency, dignity,
municipal hall. obvious in their acts the sign that they and responsibility of the
All of them are and are are in front of the town leaders.
wearing intentionally being municipal hall.
something over blind about it. This just shows
their eyes, this how they blinded
are Conan pesos by greed and
(money during money that they
that time). are willing to be so
obvious in their
acts of fraud.
 CHAPTER 2
EXERCISE 2.7

Name: Patilano, Eduardo Jr. O. Date: March 20, 2021

Course & year: BSEE-3B_e2 Score:

Give a concise explanation/discussion on the following items.

1. What is the cartoonist’s viewpoint on caricature 2? Explain.

 The cartoonist desires us to know that these American sailors act as if they are the owners
of the country Philippines. With their arrogance, it portrays that they are superiors, and the
Filipinos are submissive. Because of what was seen that the Filipino people are good in
getting the dirt out of the American’s shoes.

2. Do you agree or disagree with the cartoon? Why?

 I agree with the cartoon, the thing that it took place in time where the Filipinos are
stationary in treating the Americans as saviors. Most of the scene indeed it happened where
in the past the cartoonist had to draw in a way where the interest arouses.

3. How are you able to interpret this cartoon?

 I was able to interpret this cartoon in such way that the cartoonist really draws the
caricature. It depicts how the contrast between the sailors and shoe shiners. The arrogant
faces by the sailors smoking cigarettes, looking down at the tired and anxious faces of the
shoe shiners. These things led me to interpret the caricature in a way that is similar to how
the artist wants to convey his message.
 CHAPTER 2
ACTIVITY

Name: Patilano, Eduardo Jr. O. Date: March 20, 2021

Course & year: BSEE-3B_e2 Score:

The students will develop publicity campaign that is designed to influence government policies
on:

1. Land for the landless

2. Quality Education

3. Give a concise explanation/discussion on the following questions.

4. What is the cartoonist trying to point through exaggeration?

5. What is the irony in the caricature? What idea does it intend to emphasize?
 CHAPTER 2
EXERCISE 2.8

Name: Patilano, Eduardo Jr. O. Date: March 20, 2021

Course & year: BSEE-3B_e2 Score:

Give what is being asked in the following items.

FERDINAND MARCOS 1. It refers to the person who is quoted as

the president-turned-dictator, traitor to his oath, and the one who shut down the Congress.

INSTITUTIONS OF DEMOCRACY 2. It refers to the institution where there is

protection of the Bill of Rights, independence of the judiciary, Congress, and the press.

CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES 3. It refers to the home of democracy

mentioned in Cory Aquino’s speech.

ARCHIBALD MACLEISH 4. It refers to the American poet mentioned

in the speech who described he democracy must be defended from arms and attack by lies.

FEBRUARY 7, 1986 5. It refers to the date mentioned in the

speech when an election was called for by country’s head of State and government.

SALVADOR LAUREL 6. It refers to the complete name of the

elected vice President of the Philippines during Corazon Aquino’s administration.

LIMITED REVOLUTION 7. It refers to how absolute power was

swept away, and democracy rebuilt by full constitutional restoration.

OPPRESSION 8. It refers to the specific and important idea

that according to Corazon Aquino the Filipino people must be free from.

COMMUNISTS INSURGENCY 9. It refers to the challenge faced by the

Filipino people which according to Corazon Aquino is the factor that feeds on economic
deterioration.

HALF OF THE EXPORT EARNINGS/ 2 BILLION 10. It refers to the figure on the export
earning of the country which according to Corazon Aquino went only to pay the interest on the
debt which the Filipinos never benefitted.
 CHAPTER 2
EXERCISE 2.9

Name: Patilano, Eduardo Jr. O. Date: March 20, 2021

Course & year: BSEE-3B_e2 Score:

Give a concise explanation/discussion on the following questions.

1. What can you say about this line in the speech of Corazon Aquino: “…and so began the
revolution that has brought me to democracy’s most famous home, the congress of the United
States”? which concept in this line is important to you? Why?

 This just means how dependent to the Americans our late President Corazon Aquino was.
The United States may be called the home of democracy, but the said home of democracy is
certainly not free. Contrary to popular belief, the democracy they were talking about comes
with a price. And this price is not going to be paid by their generation but the generations
that comes after them. This line is important because it highlights how the Aquino’s exalted
the US, this is the start of what we call modern colonization.

2. What did Corazon Aquino mention in her speech pertaining to the aspiration of the Filipino
people? What are the specific lines for this? What do you feel about these lines?

 Corazon Aquino mentioned the line in here speech “Like Lincoln I understand that force
maybe necessary before mercy.” This line quite interests me, it tells us that she can be a firm
president not just a housewife of a senator who happened to be president of an entire
country without having the skills or the background. I feel quite empowered by this line, it
shows that the aspiration of the people is not misplaced but it is saddening that these are
just merely words.

3. In the video, how many times the former President Corazon Aquino have been applauded by
the members of the US Congress? Mention the lines she said for which she received and
overwhelming applause.

 President Corazon Aquino was applauded eleven times by the members of the US
Congress. The lines that were applauded includes "We fought for honor, and, if only for
honor, we shall pay," she said, agreeing to pay the debt that was stolen by Marcos. "And
yet, should we have to wring the payments from the sweat of our men’s faces and sink all
the wealth piled up by the bondsman’s two hundred fifty years of unrequited toil?" This
line of hers received and overwhelming applause from the crowd.
 CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER

Name: Patilano, Eduardo Jr. O. Date: March 20, 2021

Course & year: BSEE-3B_e2 Score:

Read each question carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What was the important instruction to Ferdinand Magellan who led an expidition to the East?

A. Circumnavigate the earth and record it.

B. Fnd the island of Maluco from where the spices come.
C. Gather minerals and other resources vital for industrialization.
D. Discover more islands for expansion.

2. What is the name of the island in sight as Magellan arrived on March 16, 1251?

A. Feji (Fiji) C. Zamal (Samar)

B. Mapuan (Mapua) D. Zubbu (Cebu)

3. What was the Tagalog’s customary practice which was to establish friendship and brotherhood?

A. Alyansa (Alliance) C. Dori (Dowry)

B. Cassi-cassi (Kasi-kasi) D. Pandot

4. What was the term used to refer Tagalog Worship?

A. Anito C. pagaanitos
B. Nagaanitos D. pagdiwata

5. What is excluded from the practice in offering sacrifices to the gods?

A. Decipitation of goats, fowls, and swine

B. Extraction of virgin’s heart
C. Proclamation of feast
D. Singing of poetic songs

6. Which concept is relative to the Tagalog custom on burial?

A. The deceased was thrown wrapped in a mat.

B. The deceased was placed beneath a little house constructed for the purpose.
C. The deceased was placed above the tree in a basket.
D. The deceased was placed in a wooden coffin and burned.

7. What is the largest and most valuable oil-on-canvas painting of Juan Luna?

A. “Cleopatra” C. “Spoliarium”
B. “Palay Maiden” D. “The Parisian Life

8. What is true about Fernando Amorsolo’s “Antipolo fiesta” painting?

 A. Celebration and scenery C. Celebration and harvest
B. Celebration and livelihood D. Celebration and feast

9. What idea is connected to political cartoons?

A. Expression of feelings and emotions

B. Illustration of social challenges
C. Sketch for the delight of viewers
D. Used to present criticism on situation

10. What is untrue in the speech of Corazon C. Aquino delivered in the US Congress September
18, 1986?

A. The relationship of America and the Philippines

B. The restoration of the government and foreign debt.
C. The Filipino struggle to achieve democracy and its meaning to them.
D. Development of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform in the Philippines.