IMMUNE SYSTEM

Avegel Villacite
Mercy Joyce Illarde
Roniel Navarra
Steven Legarde
What is Immune System
• The immune system protects
your child's body from outside
invaders. These include germs
such as bacteria, viruses, and
fungi, and toxins (chemicals made
by microbes). The immune
system is made up of different
organs, cells, and proteins that
work together.
There are 2 main parts of the immune system:

• The innate immune system. You are born with this.

• The adaptive immune system. You develop this when your body is
exposed to microbes or chemicals released by microbes.

These 2 immune systems work together.

THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
• This is your child's rapid response system. It is the first to respond
when it finds an invader. It is made up of the skin, the eye's cornea,
and the mucous membrane that lines the respiratory, gastrointestinal,
and genitourinary tracts. These all create physical barriers to help
protect your child's body.
THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
• They protect against harmful germs, parasites (such as worms), or
cells (such as cancer). The innate immune system is inherited. It is
active from the moment your child is born.
• When this system recognizes an invader, it goes into action right
away. The cells of this immune system surround and cover the
invader. The invader is killed inside the immune system cells (called
phagocytes).
THE ACQUIRED IMMUNE SYSTEM
• The acquired immune system, with help from the innate system,
makes special proteins (called antibodies) to protect your body from a
specific invader. These antibodies are developed by cells called B
lymphocytes after the body has been exposed to the invader. The
antibodies stay in your child's body.
THE ACQUIRED IMMUNE SYSTEM
• It can take several days for antibodies to form. But after the first
exposure, the immune system will recognize the invader and defend
against it. The acquired immune system changes during your child's
life. Immunizations train your child's immune system to make
antibodies to protect them from harmful diseases.
The cells of both parts of the immune system are
made in different organs of the body, including:
• Adenoids. Two glands located at
the back of the nasal passage.
• Bone marrow. The soft, spongy
tissue found in bone cavities.
• Lymph nodes. Small organs
shaped like beans, which are
located all over the body and
connect via the lymphatic vessels.
The cells of both parts of the immune system are
made in different organs of the body, including:
• Lymphatic vessels. A network of
channels all over the body that
carries lymphocytes to the
lymphoid organs and bloodstream.
• Peyer patches. Lymphoid tissue in
the small intestine.
• Spleen. A fist-sized organ located in
the belly (abdominal) cavity.
The cells of both parts of the immune system are
made in different organs of the body, including:
• Thymus. Two lobes that join in
front of the windpipe (trachea)
behind the breastbone.
• Tonsils. Two oval masses in the
back of the throat.
Structure and the organs of Immune System

The structure of the immune system, detailing the parts of the body
that play a role in immunity. These include:
▪ The Lymphatics
▪ Lymph nodes
▪ Thymus
▪ Spleen
Lymphatic Organs and Structure

LYMPH LYMPH VESSELS

• A fluid water containing: ➢Carry lymph within the
➢Water lymphatic system.
➢Sugars ➢Lymph capillaries are the
smallest of the lymph vessels.
➢Salts
➢Waste
➢White Blood Cells
➢Protein
ANTIBODIES
• Antibodies are assembled out of
proteins chains.
• There are many different chains
that the immune system
assembles in different ways to
make different antibodies.
ANTIBODIES AS
RECEPTORS
• Antibodies can attach to B cells,
and serve to recognize foreign
antigens.
ANTIGENS AS
EFFECTORS
• Free antibodies can bind to
antigens, which “tags” the
antigen for the immune system
to attack and destroy.
ROLE OF
ANTIBODIES
• Antibodies released into the
blood stream will bind to the
antigens that they are specific
for.
• Antibodies may disable some
microbes, or cause them to stick
together.
• They “tag” microbes so that the
microbes are quickly recognized
by various white blood cells.
ROLE OF SKIN
• Dead skin cells are constantly
sloughed off, making it hard
for invading bacteria to
colonize.
• Sweat and oils contain anti-
microbial chemicals, including
some antibiotics.
ROLE OF MUCUS
AND CILIA
• Mucus contains
lysozymes, enzymes that
destroy bacterial cell
walls.
• The normal flow of mucus
washes bacteria and
viruses off of mucus
membranes.
ROLE OF
PHAGOCYTES
• Phagocytes are several types of
white blood cells (including
macrophages and neutrophils)
that seek and destroy invaders.
Some also destroy damaged
body cells.
• Phagocytes are attracted by an
inflammatory response of
damaged cells.
VIRUS VS.
BACTERIA
• Bacteria are living organisms
that have a metabolism,
have DNA, and can
reproduce on their own.
• Bacteria can be killed with
antibiotic because these
substances target key
process in bacteria, such as
production of the bacterial
cell wall.
AIDS
• The HIV virus fools helper T-cells
into thinking its proteins are “self”
and so is able to infect the cells
that trigger specific immunity.
• The virus forces T-cells to make
more viruses, killing the T-cells
when the new viruses burst out.
AIDS PREVENTION
➢HIV is a fragile virus that cannot live outside the human body for
more than a few minutes.
➢Preventing HIV spread comes down to preventing exposure to body
fluids of an infected person.
THANK YOU!