(yung red fonts ay di kasama)

goodafternoon po! So ididiscuss ko po yung temporary structures. Uh start po tayo sa meaning (read
description).

WHAT ARE TEMPORARY STRUCTURES ?

Temporary structures are those structures that are erected and used to aid in the construction of a
permanent project . . . providing access, support and protection. They are either dismantled and
removed when the permanent works become self-supporting or completed, or. ..Incorporated into the
finished work.

so di po sila designed for long-term use, but merely to serve some functions and aid sa construction
project.

“MOST CONSTRUCTION FAILURES INVOLVE TEMPORARY STRUCTURES”

Merong tacit attitude na seems to prevail in the design
construction industry,which this type of structures are only
temporary, kaya nabibigyan siya ng less importance in the
construction project, therefore greater risks are acceptable than in
permanent structures.

“But a peso, or a life, lost at a construction

site is no less valuable or less tragic than its
loss elsewhere!”
Kaya it is important na we give the proper planning sa mga
temporary structures natin, kasi di lang to para sa cost
effectiveness or sa success ng isang contruction project, but
more importantly sa safety of the manpower involved in
construction.

TYPES OF TEMPORARY STRUCTURES IN CONSTRUCTION

1. Field office
- means a temporary structure erected on a building development site to be used for
administrative purposes;
- a facility with office equipment such as a telephone, facsimile machine, desks, plan
drawers and filing cabinets and staffed to allow the management of the affairs of the
employer relevant to its day-to-day activities on the site.
So sa construction site, it will generally require office facilities to provide
accommodation para sa mga site managers. Nagproprovide din ito as space for
meetings, and provide storage ng site documentation.
2. Scaffolding
- Also called staging, is a temporary structure used to support people and material in the
construction or repair of building and other structures.
Ito po yung temporary structure na pwedeng magsupport sa original structure aswell as
worksmen wherein ginagamit nila ito as platform to carry ang mga construction works.

So may ibat ibang types ng scaffolding that varies with the type of construction work. .

Types of scaffolding

a. Single scaffolding
- This is the most common type of and is widely use in the construction of bring work.
- It consists of a single row standards placed at a distance of about 1.20m from the wall
- Standard are placed at 2 to 2.5 m interval
First ay ang single scaffolding, ito yung pinakacommon type ng scaffolding at madalas
ginagamit sa construction. It consists of standards, ledgers,putlogs, etc. which is parallel to
the wall at a distance of 1.2 meters. So ang distance naman between the standards is 2 to
2.5 meters. Ang mga ledgers naman po na nagcoconnect sa standards at a vertical interval
of 1.2-1.5meters.
madalas itong ginagamit sa brick masonry and is also called as brick layer’s scaffolding.

b. Double scaffolding
- This scaffolding is stronger than the single scaffolding
- it is used in the construction of stonework

Ito naman ay madalas ginagamit sa stone masonry, kaya tinatawag din siyang mason’s
scaffolding. Sa stone walls kasi mahirap gumawa ng butas sa wall para sa support putlogs,
kaya nagcoconstruct ng 2 rows of scaffolding para tumibay ito lalo.
So ditto po ang first row is 20-30cm away from the wall at ang isang row naman po is
1meter away sa first row. Then putlogs are placed which are supported by the both frames.
c. Needle/Cantilever Scaffolding
- used if ground is weak to support the standards
- When upper part of the wall is under construction
- When the Ground near the wall is to be free from traffic
Ito po yung type ng scaffolding na kung saan ang standards ay supported by series of
needles na dinidrill sa wall.
So generally ang ganitong scaffolding are used under conditions such as
o When the ground does not having the capacity to support standards,
o When the Ground near the wall is to be free from traffic,
o When upper part of the wall is under construction.

d. Trestle Scaffolding
- in this type of scaffolding, the working platform is supported on movable contrivances
movable on wheels.
So ditto naman po yung, platform is supported on movable tripods or ladders. Which is
madalas siya ginagamit sa indoor works, such as painting, repairs, atc, up to a heigh of 5
meters.

e. Suspended Scaffolding
- In suspended scaffolding, the working platform is suspended from roofs with the help of
wire ropes or chains etc.
Dito naman po, anfg platform is suspended from the roofs with the help of wire ropes or
chains, etc. pwede po itong itaas or ibaba sa gusto nating level. Madalas ginagamit to sa
repair works, pointing, painting, etc.

f. Steel Scaffolding
- Steel scaffolding is constructed by steel tubes which are fixed together by steel couplers or
fittings. It is very easy to construct or dismantle. It has greater strength, greater durability
and higher fire resistance.
Ito naman po ay constructed by steel tubes which are fixed together by steel couplers or
fittings. Madali lang to inconstruct or idismantle.it has greater strength, greater durability
and higher fire resistance.
Medyo may kamahalan nga lang po ang ganitong type ng scaffolding, kaya di siya
economical, pero mas nakakapagbigay siya ng safety sa mga workers. Kaya madalas
ginagamit na din siya sa panahon natin ngayon. Especially sa mga malalaking construction.
 g. Patented Scaffolding
- Patented scaffoldings are made up of steel but these are equipped with special couplings
and frames etc., these are readymade scaffoldings which are available in the marke

Lastly ang patented scaffolding ay made up of steel, pero equipped po ng special couplings and
frames, etc. ito po yung ready made scaffoldings na available saating market. In this type po,
working platforms are arranged on brackets which can be adjustable to our required level.

(sample video ito sa huli nung scaffolding)

So ito po yung first question naming, sa nabanggit po naming types of scaffolding. Anong klaseng
scaffolding po ang pinakita sa video?

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eK7yHyktm0o

3. Shoring
Is the construction of temporary structures to support temporarily an unsafe structure.
- Shoring can be used when walls bulge out, when walls crack due to unequal settlement of
foundation and repairs are to be carried out to the cracked wall, when an adjacent structure
needs pulling down, when openings are to be newly made or enlarged in a wall

Is the construction of temporary structures to support temporarily an unsafe structure. Ito po

yung nagsusupport sa walls laterally. Ginagamit poi to kung may mga nakaumbok na pader,
cracked walls due to unequal settlement of foundations and repairs are to becarried out to the
cracked wall, kung ang adjascent structure are in need of pulling down, etc.

So meron din ibat ibang types ng shoring

 a. Racking shores
-this is a system of giving temporary support to unsafe wall
-the construction of racking shore, varies with the condition of the site
- in this method, inclined members called rakers are used to give lateral support to the wall

so one is ang racking shore, ginagamit siya as temporary support to an unsafe

wall. So construction of racking shores , varies with the condition of the site.
 Rakers are to be inclined in the ground at 45degrees. However the angle may be
between 45degrees and 75degrees.
 For tall buildings, the length of the raker can be reduced by introducing rider
raker.
 Rakers should be properly braced at intervals.
 The size of the rakers is to be decided on the basis of anticipated thrust from the
wall.
 The centre line of a raker and the wall should meet at floor level.
 Shoring may be spaced at 3 to 4.5m spacing to cover longer length of the bar.
 The sole plate should be properly embedded into the ground on an inclination
and should be of proper section and size.
 Wedges should not be used on sole plates since they are likely to give way
under vibrations that are likely to occur

b. Flying shores
- in this type of shoring, horizontal supports are provided for supporting temporarily the
parallel walls of two adjacent buildings which may tend to collapse or damage.
-if the walls are quite near to each other (up to 9m) single flying shore can be constructed
- when the distance between two parallel walls is more than 9m a double shore can be
constructed.

So ang Flying shores naman is a system nanagproprovide ng temporary supports to the party walls ng
dalawang buildings, where the intermediate building is to be pulled down and rebuilt dahil may
tendency na silang magcollapse.

Sa ganitong system, ang wall plates po are placed at secured against the wall. Ang horizontal strut
naman ay nilalagay sa pagitan ng wall plates and is supported by a system of needles and cleats. Ang
inclined struts naman po ay supported by the needle at their top and by straining pieces at their feet.
The straining piece is also known as straining sill and is spiked to the horizontal shore. Ang width of the
straining piece ay parehas lang sa strut. At kung ang distance between the two walls ay considerable,
ang horizontal shore ay di safe at needed ng trussed framework of members para maperform ang
function ng flying shore.

c. Dead shores
such type of shoring is provided for the following purposes:
- rebuild the defective lower part of the wall
- rebuild the existing foundation
- to make large opening in the existing wall

Lastly is deadshore, ito naman po ay system of shorring which is used to render vertical support to walls
and roofs, floors, etc. hen the lower part of a wall has been removed for the purpose of providing an
opening in the wall or to rebuild a defective load bearing wall in a structure. Ito po ay consist of an
arrangement of beams and posts. Which are required para masupport ang weight ng structure above
and transfer same to the ground on firm foundation below.

Nagproprovide din ito ng following purposes

- rebuild the defective lower part of the wall
- rebuild the existing foundation
- to make large opening in the existing wall

Article 15: TEMPORAY STRUCTURES

1. OFFICE AND CONTRACTOR BUILDINGS:
So ito nga yung temporary office facility, para sa mga site managers, etc.

2. HOUSING FOR WORKERS

commonly known as barracks, ito po yung temporary housing para sa mga workers

3. SANITARY FIXTURES AND 1ST AID STATIONS

ito po yung ample sanitary toilets, and other conveniences including water connections.

4. TEMPORARY BARRICADES AND GUWARD LIGHTS

ito naman po ay necessary for proper prosecution and completion of work. Ang mga
lights located at false work tower ay provided ng contractor.

5. TEMPORARY WATER, POWER, AND TELEPHONE FACILITIES

 Ito din po ay provided ng contractor through arrangements with local utility companies.
Ang lahat ng expenses po ditto ay paid by the contractor.

6. TEMPORARY SIGNS
Wala dapat na advertisements ang madidisplay without architects approval

7. TEMPORARY ROADWAYS
Ito po yung nagproprovide ng proper access sa mga vehicles, at iba pa.

8. TEMPORARY STAIRS, LADDERS RAMPS AND RUNWAYS

It naman po shall meet requirements of local laws.

9. TEMPORARY ELEVATORS AND HOIST

dito naman po dapat sapat lang ang bilang ng elevators and hoist sa site at sufficient
distance sa exterior wall
10. TEMPORARY ENCLOSURE
ang exterior doors naman po shall be equipped with self-closing hardware, at ang
windows naman should be equipped with removable sash frames.