RS AND GIS APPLICATIONS

PORTFOLIO- LAB SESSION

SEMESTER II

COURSE COORDINATOR: PROF. VIDYA GHUGE SUBMITTED BY: RIDDHI SARDA / MT19UPL013
CREATING A GEODATA BASE
Geodata is information about geographic locations that is stored in a format that can be
used with a geographic information system (GIS).

Geodata can be stored in a database, geodatabase, shapefile, coverage, raster image, or

even a dbf table or Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The following is a list of geodata that
can be used with Esri GIS software along with links to topics describing them:

Right-click the folder Rename the file

Start ArcCatalog or Expand the file where you want to create A file geodatabase is geodatabase by right-
ArcMap and open the connections in the Catalog the file geodatabase, point created in the location you clicking it, choosing
Catalog window. tree. to New, and click File selected. Rename, then typing a
Geodatabase. new name.

CREATING A FEATURE DATASET

A feature dataset is a collection of related feature classes that share a common coordinate system. Feature datasets are
used to spatially or thematically integrate related feature classes. Their primary purpose is for organizing related
feature classes into a common dataset for building a topology, a network dataset, a terrain dataset, or a geometric
network.

Use Modify if you want to

In the Catalog tree, right-click
the geodatabase in which you
want to create a new feature
dataset.
Click New > Feature Dataset.
Type a name for the feature
dataset.
change any parameters in the Choose the default value for
coordinate system you've each tolerance is a very good Click
chosen. Edit the coordinate choice in all but extreme finish
system's parameters and click cases.
OK.
CREATING A FEATURE CLASS

A feature class is a collection of geographic features that share the same geometry type
(such as point, line, or polygon) and the same attribute fields for a common area.
Point feature
Streets, well points, parcels, soil types, and census tracts are examples of feature classes.
Line feature
Polygon feature

In the Catalog tree, right- If your data will To add a field to the
click the feature dataset in Type a name for the Choose from the require m- or z- feature class, click
feature class. To drop-down list the For M tolerance the next blank row in
which you want to create a values, check the
create an alias for type of features that accept the default. the Field
new feature class. appropriate check
this feature class, will be stored in this boxes Click Next Name column, then
Point to New > Feature type the alias. feature class. type a name.
Class Click Next. Click Finish

EDITOR TOOLBAR ATTRIBUTE TABLE

A database is only as good as the information it contains. Over time, you'll need to edit the
The Editor toolbar contains information in your database to keep it accurate and up-to-date. ArcMap lets you edit the
the various commands you attributes of features displayed on your map and also the attributes contained in tables that are
will need to edit your data. not represented geographically on the map.
From the Editor toolbar, you
can start and stop an edit
session, access a variety of
tools and commands to create
new features and modify
existing ones, and save your
edits. To edit data, you need
to add the Editor toolbar to
ArcMap by clicking the
Editor Toolbar button on the One can also edit attributes while editing the layer
Standard toolbar.
Right click on the layer of which
attribute table you want to open

GEOREFERENCING
In ArcMap, add the layers
residing in map coordinates
and add the raster dataset you
want to georeference..
Click the Add Control Points
tool Add Control Points to add
control points.
Identified points (coordinates) in Google Earth
To add a link, click a known
location on the raster dataset,
and click a known location on
the vector layers in map (the
reference data).
Used Google Earth Coordinate points for georeferencing
View link table shows to points added for georeferencing
Click the Georeferencing drop-
Select the image you want to geo reference down menu and click either
Update Georeferencing or
Add control points Rectify..
Georeferencing tool bar
Steps for Georeferencing
To display the Georeferencing
toolbar, click the Customize
menu and click Toolbars >
Georeferencing.
Click the Georeferencing drop-
down menu and click Fit To
Display.
Add enough links for the type
of transformation you will
apply.
Delete any unwanted links
from the Link table.
In the table of contents, right-
click a target layer (the
referenced dataset) and click
Zoom to Layer.
From the Georeferencing
toolbar, click the Layer drop-
down arrow and choose the
raster layer you want to
georeference.
Click the View Link Table
button View Link Table to
evaluate the transformation.
You can examine the residual
error for each link and the root
mean square (RMS) error. If
you're satisfied with the
registration, you can stop
entering links.
FEATURE CLASS- POLYGON FEATURE

On the View tab,

click Catalog Pane
Catalog Pane, and
expand Databases.
Polygon
feature

Expand the default

database or the
database containing
your data.

To create a polygon
feature class, right-click
the database, click New
and click Feature Class.

Drag the feature

class onto the map.

The image shows ward boundaries.

A feature template
with default settings
Here, Polygon feature is used for creating ward is autogenerated for
boundaries. the new layer.
In the attribute table, ward numbers are entered
and the label features shows ward numbers.
The polygons are edited Via EDITOR TOOL.
Map Representation in Layout view Steps to create polygon feature
 Steps to create a topology Steps to edit a topology
TOPOLOGY
Topology is a collection of rules that, coupled with a set of editing tools and techniques, Right-click the feature dataset to which you want to Start ArcMap and add map layers for the
enables the geodatabase to more accurately model geometric relationships. ArcGIS add a topology, point to New, then click Topology. feature classes in your topology that you
Click Next. want to edit. Also, add the topology you
implements topology through a set of rules that define how features may share a
want to edit.
geographic space and a set of editing tools that work with features that share geometry in
an integrated fashion. A topology is stored in a geodatabase as one or more relationships
that define how the features in one or more feature classes share geometry. The features
participating in a topology are still simple feature classes—rather than modifying the Name the new topology and specify the cluster Start editing.
tolerance. The default value will be set to the x,y
definition of the feature class, a topology serves as a description of how the features can tolerance of the feature dataset. Click Next.
be spatially related.
Add the Topology toolbar to ArcMap by
clicking Customize, pointing to Toolbars,
and clicking Topology.
Next, choose the feature classes that will participate in
the topology. You will be shown a list of all the feature
classes in your feature dataset. Click Next.

Perform your edits and save them.

Topology toolbar
Set the coordinate accuracy ranks for each feature
class in the topology. Click Next.
Validate the topology.

Add the series of topology rules that help you structure

Review the errors in the Error Inspector
the spatial relationships between features and to
window and repair any topology errors.
control and validate how features share geometry.
Then, validate and save your edits.
Click Next.

Review the summary and click Finish. You have now

added the new topology to your feature dataset. You
Topology layer created in will be asked if you would like to validate your
Polygon rules: must not overlap and must not have gaps feature dataset topology in your feature dataset now. If you have data
in your feature classes, you can choose Yes.
FEATURE CLASS- LINE FEATURE

On the View tab,

click Catalog Pane
Catalog Pane, and
Line feature expand Databases.

Expand the default

database or the
database containing
your data.

To create a line feature

class, right-click the
database, click New and
click Feature Class.

Drag the feature

class onto the map.

A feature template
with default settings
is autogenerated for
Here, lines are defined by “type” in attribute table. the new layer.
In layer properties, Symbology is also defined by
“type” and different symbols and thickness is used
for different line types. Map Representation in Layout view
Steps to create line feature
FEATURE CLASS- POINT FEATURE

On the View tab,

click Catalog Pane
Point feature Catalog Pane, and
expand Databases.

Expand the default

database or the
database containing
your data.
Here, points are
defined by “type” in
attribute table.
In layer properties, To create a point feature
class, right-click the
Symbology is also database, click New and
defined by “type” and click Feature Class.
different symbols and
thickness is used for
different point types.
Drag the feature
class onto the map.

A feature template
with default settings
is autogenerated for
the new layer.

Map Representation in Layout view

Steps to create point feature
RETRIEVING INFORMATION FROM CENSUS DATA JOINING EXCEL TO ATTRIBUTE TABLE

Right the layer

from table of
contents > Joins >
Add Join.

In the Add Join

Here, Census data is used to retrieve information in dialog box, select
form of maps and charts. Census data is added to the layer to join in
the Layer Name or
Attribute table by joining Excel sheet to Attribute table. Table View.
Here, Map 1,2 and 3 shows Total population, Male
population and Female population respectively ward
wise. The data is classified in 4 intervals (equal
distribution). Select the Input
Map 1 Join Field in the
drop-down menu.

Select or browse
for the Join Table.

Click OK

Map 2 Map 3 Steps to join excel to attribute table

DATA REPRESENTATION

Different maps representing same information

DATA REPRESENTATION
DATA REPRESENTATION

Multiple data representation: working populations

and illiterates data is represented ward wise