UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA

Earth Material

Khafidh Nur Aziz

Leading in Character Education fmipa.uny.ac.id

 Introduction

• EARTH’S NATURAL LANDSCAPES HAVE FOUR MAIN COMPONENTS — solid bedrock,

loose pieces of rock (sediment), soil, and various types of vegetation.

• Landscapes vary greatly in the relative amounts of these four components, and each
component likewise displays great diversity.

• Some bedrock is gray, cliff-forming, and massive, whereas other bedrock is reddish, thinly
layered, and slope-forming.

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 2

 What Is a Mineral and Rock?
What Is a Mineral

• A mineral is a naturally occurring,

homogeneous, crystalline solid that has a
definable chemical composition and, in most
cases, is inorganic

• Minerals can form by solidifi cation of a melt,

precipitation from water solution, diffusion
through a solid, metabolism of organisms, or
precipitation from a gas.

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 3

What Is a Mineral and Rock?
What Is a Mineral

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 4

What Is a Mineral and Rock?
What Is a Mineral

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 5

 What Is a Mineral and Rock?
What Is a Rock?

• a rock is a coherent, naturally occurring

solid consisting of an aggregate of
mineral grains or, less commonly, a mass
of glass.

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 6

What Is a Mineral and Rock?
The Basics of Rock Classification

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 7

What Is a Mineral and Rock?
The Basics of Rock Classification

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 8

What Is a Mineral and Rock?
The Basics of Rock Classification

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 9

What Is a Mineral and Rock?
The Basics of Rock Classification

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 10

How Do Rocks Form?
What Types of Sediments Form in Familiar Surface Environments?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 11

How Do Rocks Form?
What Types of Sediments Form in Familiar Surface Environments?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 12

How Do Rocks Form?
What Types of Rocks Form in Hot or Deep Environments?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 13

What Can Happen to a Rock?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 14

What Can Happen to a Rock?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 15

What Can Happen to a Rock?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 16

What Can Happen to a Rock?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 17

What Sedimentary Environments Occur on Land?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 18

What Sedimentary Environments Occur on Land?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 19

What Sedimentary Environments Occur on Land?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 20

What Sedimentary Environments Occur on Land?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 21

What Sedimentary Environments Are Near Shorelines
and in Oceans?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 22

What Sedimentary Environments Are Near Shorelines
and in Oceans?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 23

What Sedimentary Environments Are Near Shorelines
and in Oceans?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 24

What Sedimentary Environments Are Near Shorelines
and in Oceans?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 25

Where Do Clasts Come From?
Why Are There So Many Different Products of Weathering?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 26

What Are the Characteristics of Clastic Sediments?
What Controls the Size, Shape, and Sorting of Clasts?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 27

What Are the Characteristics of Clastic Sediments?
What Controls the Size, Shape, and Sorting of Clasts?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 28

Why Do Sedimentary Rocks Have Layers?
What Types of Layers Do Sedimentary Rocks Contain?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 29

Why Do Sedimentary Rocks Have Layers?
What Types of Layers Do Sedimentary Rocks Contain?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 30

What Textures Do Igneous Rocks Display?
In What Settings Do the Different Igneous Textures Form?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 31

What Textures Do Igneous Rocks Display?
In What Settings Do the Different Igneous Textures Form?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 32

What Are Some Metamorphic Features?
What Is Rock Cleavage?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 33

What Are Metamorphic Processes and Rocks?
What Causes Metamorphism?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 34

How Are Different Rock Types Expressed in
Landscapes?
How Are Sedimentary Rocks Expressed in the Landscape?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 35

How Are Different Rock Types Expressed in
Landscapes?
How Are Sedimentary Rocks Expressed in the Landscape?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 36

How Are Different Rock Types Expressed in
Landscapes?
How Are Igneous Rocks Expressed in the Landscape?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 37

How Are Different Rock Types Expressed in
Landscapes?
How Are Metamorphic Rocks Expressed in Landscapes?

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 38

 Tugas
Kelompok

Observe the general features of the landscape.

Some questions to ask include, but are not limited to, the following:

• What color are the rocks?

• Are there layers, and if so, how thick and how continuous are the layers?

• Do the rocks form steep, hard exposures, or do they form soft-appearing slopes?

• Are there loose materials on the hillsides?

Record your observations on the worksheet.

Fisika Bumi dan Antariksa 39

 UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA

Thank You
Any Question?

fmipa.uny.ac.id Leading in Character Education