2 Expressions and formulae

Practice
6 Expand and simplify each expression.
a (x+ 5)(x+2) b (x+ 4)(x-Z) c (r-6)(x+3)
d (x-3Xx-3) e (x+5)(x+10) f (r-sXr-8)
g (x-s)(x+10) h (x+s)(x-8)
7 Which answer is correct, A, B or C?
a (w+7)(w+8)= A lr,2 + 151.'+ 15 B rlr+15rr+j( C w2+ttt*56
b (x+5)(x-3)= A x2+2x-15 B x2-8.r-l C ,x2 + Br - 15

c lY-6)0+4)= A y2-l\y-2 B )'1 -2I-) c v2-2v-24

d (z-3)(z-5)= A z2-22*8 B z2+8--15 C :2-82+15

{
8 This is part of Rohan's homework.
He has made a mistake in every question.

Quuttnn
Expann anA sindifu eorh expl,u.rnn.
1 (x + 4)(x + 3)
2 (x + 5)(x - 9)
3 (x-3)(x-2)
Ana.uver
'l x2*4r*3x+,7=x2+7x+7
2 x2 + 5x - 9.r - 45 = x2 + 4x - 45
3 x2-2x-3x-6=x2-5x-6
Explain the mistakes Rohan has made and write the correct
solutions.
9 a Expand and simplify each expression.
{ i (a+ 2)2 ii (a- 2)' iii {b + 4),
iv (b-4)' v (c+l)2 vi (c l)'
-
b Compare your answers to i and ii, iii and iv, v and vi.
What is the same and what is different about your answers to
each pair of expansions?
c Use your answer to part b to copy and complete this general
expression:
(x + y), = x2 + 2xy + y2 so (x - !)z =

28)
 2.5 Simplifying algebraic fractions

10 a Expand and simplify each expression.

i (a-1)(a+1)
ii (a - 4)(a + 4)
iii (a + 9)(a - 9)
b What do you notice about your answers in part a?
c Write the simplified expansion of (a - 8)(a + 8).
d Write the simplified expansion of (a + b)(tt - b).

Challenge
11 Show that (x + 4)(x - 3) + r(5 - x) = 6(x - 2)
<1 12 a Expand and simplify i (.r + 6)r ii (.t + 5)(.t + 7)
I ln Ouestion 11 ,
b What do you notice about your answers to part a. i and ii? stad by working
<1 13 a Expand and simplily i (.r + 7)r ii (,x + 6)(,r + 8) with the left-
I
b What do you notice about your answers to palt a, i and ii? hand side of the
equation.
<1
\ 14 Try some examples of your own, similar to questions 12 and 13.
What general rules do you notice?
15 a Showthat(2x+ 1)(3x +2)-6x2+lx+2
b Expand and simplify
i (3x + 1)(4x + 5) ii (!y + 3)(2y - 5)

) 2.5 Simplifying algebraic fractions

Exercise 2.5 Key word
Throughout this exercise, give each answer as a fraction in its algebraic fraction
simplest form.

Focus
1 Copy and these calculations.

a
ll -r b
12 c
71
JJJ 55 71
d
114 e
t2 f
888 99 10 10

29