Name: Brandon Bhagwandin

Lab Day: Tuesday

Name of Partners: Varun Bharrath-Singh
Demonstrator Name: Pooja
Date: 19th-March-2019
Experiment Number and Title: 7C- The Glass Electrode-
Potentiometric Titrations
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AIM/OBJECTIVES
The aim of this experiment is to utilise a potentiometer and use the information obtained to
determine the endpoint of a titration.

Objectives:

 To determine the end-point of an oxidation-reduction titration (potassium

permanganate and ferrous ammonium sulphate).
 To determine the end point of an acid-base titration (sodium hydroxide with
hydrochloric acid).

THEORY/INTRODUCTION
Potentiometric titration belongs to chemical methods of analysis in which the endpoint of the
titration is monitored with an indicator electrode that records the change of the potential as a
function of the amount (volume) of the added titrant of exactly known concentration. 

Potentiometric titrations are very reliable because indicator electrodes suitable for the study
of almost every chemical reaction used in titrimetry are now available. This technique is also
frequently used in the study of operational conditions of visual titrimetric indicators proposed
for general use in chemical analysis, as well as in the study of numerous reactions, such as
protonation and complexation. The course of the potentiometric titration curve provides
information not only about the titration end point position, but also the position and shape of
the curve may provide data about the processes accompanying the titration reaction.

METHOD
Followed as seen in the CHEM 2673 LAB Script.

RESULTS
Table 1: Showing EMF vs Volume for Redox Titration

EMF (mV) Volume of KMnO4 (mL)

257.2 0.00
270.7 1.00
288.4 2.00
298.3 3.00
304.5 4.00
315.5 5.00
325.6 6.00
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334.9 7.00
348.4 8.00
364.3 9.00
391.4 10.00
715.0 11.00

Table 2:Showing pH vs Volume for Acid-Base Titration

pH Volume of HCl (mL)

13.202 0.00
13.171 1.00
13.134 2.00
13.097 3.00
13.055 4.00
13.012 5.00
12.970 6.00
12.927 7.00
12.882 8.00
12.835 9.00
12.785 10.00
12.729 11.00
12.667 12.00
12.600 13.00
12.527 14.00
12.447 15.00
12.352 16.00
12.237 17.00
12.091 18.00
11.900 19.00
11.598 20.00
11.082 21.00
10.504 22.00
10.004 23.00
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9.431 24.00
7.900 25.00
6.705 25.50
5.505 26.00
3.497 26.50
2.835 27.00
2.584 27.50

DATA ANALYSIS

Graph of EMF(mV) vs Volume of KMnO4(mL)

800
700
600
500
EMF (mV)

400
300
200
100
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Volume of KMnO4(mL)

Figure 1: Graph of EMF vs Volume of KMnO4

End-point = 10 mL
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Graph of pH vs Volume of HCl (mL)

14

12

10

8
pH

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Volume of HCl (mL)

Figure 2: Graph of pH vs Volume of HCl

End-point = 25.50 mL

Post lab questions:

1. Place the electrode in 25mL of the weak monoprotic acid solution. Add three drops of
methyl orange indicator and titrate with the strong base solution provided. The pH
will change slowly at first and the acid can be added 1 ml at a time. Care must be
taken to stir the solution between additions and wait until the meter reading stabilizes
before noting the reading. When the pH begins to change more rapidly, add the acid
in smaller volumes. At the end of the experiment rinse the electrodes and leave them
in distilled water. Plot a graph of pH vs volume of titrant and determine the pH at half
the volume of titrant required for the reaction end-point.
This pH will be equal to the pKa, and from this the dissociation constant, Ka can be
found using the equation pH = -log Ka = pKa

DISCUSSION
In this experiment the end-point of a redox and acid-base titration was determined by
potentiometric titration. The end-point of the redox titration was found to be when 10 mL of
the oxidising reagent KMnO4 was added. Using the graph, the EMF increased significantly
after the 10 mL was added which signified that the end point was crossed. For the acid-base
titration the endpoint was found to be 25.50 mL. There was an equal molar ratio between the
acid and base which gave an indication of where the end-point would be observed.
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There were sources of errors that can occur during this experiment which may cause
inaccurate results. Some of these were; incomplete transfer of solutions, which would affect
its volumes and hence the end-point of the reaction. the improper washing of the glass
electrode between titrations. Improper transfer of solution from the burette which would
affect the titration results.

CONCLUSION
The end-point of the redox titration was found to be when 10 mL and the acid-base titration
endpoint was found to be 25.50 mL.