ORAL

COMMUNICATION
THE
IN CONTEXT COMMUNICATION
MODELS
CHOOSE
AND
EXPLAIN
MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION
 MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

SHANNON – WEAVER’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

SCHRAMM’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

BERLO’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

HELICAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

 • ARISTOTLE, an ancient
Greek philosopher, was
the proponent of the
earliest mass
communication model
known as “Aristotle’s
Model of Communication”
ARISTOTLE’S MODEL
before 300 BC. In his
OF
model of communication,
COMMUNICATION he stressed the importance
of the audience in the
communication process.
This model focuses on
public speaking than
interpersonal
communication.
 EXAMPLE

Speaker – Miss Sanchez

ARISTOTLE’S Speech – How to conquer stage fright

MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION Occasion – Speech Class

Audience – students

Effect – Overcome stage fright

SHANNON – WEAVER’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
• Claude Shannon was an American
mathematician and an electronic engineer.
Warren Weaver was an American scientist
who wrote an article in “Bell System
Technical Journal” called “A Mathematical
Theory of Communication”, or otherwise
known as “Shannon – Weaver Model of
Communication”.
SHANNON – WEAVER’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
• This model is particularly designed to
develop effective communication between
the sender and the receiver. In this model
“Noise” is an important factor which affects
the communication process. At first, the
model was conceived to improve technical
communication, but later it has been widely
used in the field of communication.
SHANNON – WEAVER’S
MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
• FOR EXAMPLE
If an individual is engaged in a
telephone conversation, the
transmitter is the telephone handset;
the channel is the wire, the signal is
the electrical current, the receiver is
the telephone handset; and the noise
is the snapping and crackling from the
wire. But if a person is engaged in a
face-to-face conversation, the
transmitter is the mouth of the sender;
the signal is the sound waves; the
receiver is the ear of the listener; and
the noise is any distraction the person
might experience in transmitting the
receiving the message
SCHRAMM’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
•Wilbur Schramm emphasized
in 1954 that both the sender
and the receiver take turns in
playing the role of the encoder
and decoder when it comes to
communication.
SCHRAMM’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
• This communication model consists of the source which is
also known as the encoder, the message or the signal, and
the destination which is also called as the decoder. The
model addresses the sociological aspect involved in
communication. Communication can take place only when
there is somehow a commonality in the field of experience of
both the source and the destination. This is shown in the
overlapping of the source’s and the destination’s field of
experience. Schramm’s model also stresses the importance
of encoding and decoding processes in an effective
communication.
BERLO’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
• David Berlo pioneered this model of
communication or the SMCR model in 1960. He
emphasized the relationship between the sender
and the receiver of the message. According to this
model, for the message to be accurately encoded
and decoded, the communication skills of both the
sender and the receiver must be at their best. The
communication will be remarkably successful only
if the two individuals posses the necessary skills.
BERLO’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
SOURCE- This is where the message originates

COMMUNICATION SKILLS- It is the person ability to communicate in reading ,

writing, speaking, listening, etc. For example, Anne is fluent in English or Jeanne
is very good in writing essays.

ATTITUDES- This is the way one thinks and feels towards one self, the audience
and the subject. For examples: Mother towards her children- to love and care for
them; a friend toward her friends- to be supportive of their endeavors.
BERLO’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

KNOWLEDGE – This refers to how much information a person has about the topic to be
shared. In short, whether he has extensive or limited knowledge about the subject.

SOCIAL SYSTEM – this includes values, beliefs, culture, religion and general understanding of
the society where the communication happens. This sets the parameters as to how far can we
go or talk about something. For instance, greeting people vary from one country to another.
For instance, in Cambodia, one puts his hands together like “praying hands” holding them
against his chest. The higher he holds his hands the more respect he shows. Another example
is in Bangladesh, where one makes a relaxed hand salute with the right hand.
BERLO’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

CULTURE – The culture of a particular society also comes under social system.

MESSAGE – This is the idea or information sent by the source.

CONTENT – This is the substance of the message that gives the detailed information of the topic.

ELEMENTS – These include language, gestures, body language etc. employed in transmitting the content
of a person’s message. For example, in a face-to-face conversation, we do not only use words in relaying
our message but also gestures, body movements, facial expressions, and eye contact.
BERLO’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
TREATMENT – It refers to the manner of handling or dealing with the message. It is
how the message is conveyed or sent. For example, we want to send the message
through an electronic mail or a letter.

STRUCTURE – This is the words are arranged, organized or put together for the
message to be clear and easy to understand.

CODE – This refers to a system of signals or symbols for communication. This is also
how or in what form the message is sent. This includes language, body language,
gestures, music, art, dance, etc. even culture is a code in itself. The code used in the
transmitting the message greatly affects it comprehension.
BERLO’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

CHANNEL – This refers to the five senses that we use in

transmitting the message. When communicating with someone, we
can employ any or a combination of these senses.

RECEIVER – This is the one who receives or takes the message. Just
like the source, the receiver also possesses his own communication
skills, attitudes, knowledge, social system and culture.
HELICAL MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
• In 1967, the Helical Model of Communication was
proposed by Frank Dance, an American
Communication professor to better understand
how communication works. He designed this
model having in mind the helix which is nothing
but a smooth curve just like a spring that goes
upward and comes downward. The name helical
comes from “Helix” which means an object having
a three-dimensional shape like that of a wire
wound uniformly around a cylinder or cone.
 • A child by the time he is born in
this world starts to communicate
by crying. As he grows up, he
cries to tell his parents he is
hungry, not feeling well, his
diaper is wet or he wants his
mother’s attention. In other
words, when a child cannot talk
yet, crying his only way by which
HELICAL MODEL he can convey his message to the
OF people around him. When he
COMMUNICATION starts talking and going to school,
he learns new words. So this time,
he uses words when interacting
with others as he grows, his
ability to communicate also
improves because he enriches his
vocabulary. In other words, the
child’s capacity to communicate
undergoes a process just like
communication.
 MATRIX MAKING
Write the difference and its characteristics of
each communication model through a matrix
The Five Models of Communication
Shannon-
Aristotle’s Schramm’s Dance’s
Weaver’s Berlo’s MC
MC MC MC
MC
1 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4 4
TAKE HOME
ACTIVITY
MAKE YOUR OWN MODEL
• Create your own model of
communication through:
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Video Presentation
- Vlog
- Rap Song Interpretation
- Painting/Illustration