adulthood.

-Physical activity cannot only help prevent pediatric obesity, but it can also
improve bone health, cognitive skills, and the ability to concentrate and pay
attention.
-There are several pediatric diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal
disease, which can be prevented with good oral health practices.
-Childhood obesity has almost quadrupled over the past 40 years.
-Unintentional injuries, such as drownings, chokings, car accidents, poisonings,
and burns, are the most common causes of death in children in the United States.
Infant mortality rates were at approximately 200 deaths per 1000 live births with
common causes including congenital anomalies, sudden infant death syndrome, and
unspecified low birth weight.
-Childhood mortality rates are significantly lower than infant mortality rates;
accidents are the most common cause of death among all children.
-Using family-centered care helps pediatric health care professionals form
therapeutic relationships with the children under their care and with the child’s
family.
-Pediatric nurses use atraumatic care to help minimize the stress on the child and
family during treatment.
-Atraumatic care can include giving choices, minimizing pain, and using medical
play to help alleviate stress on both the child and family.
-The pediatric nurse is an advocate for both the child and family.
-EBP allows nurses to question whether current practices are effective and, if not,
to find a better approach to the practice.
-The EBP process includes the following steps: Formulate a clinical question using
the PICOT format Complete a literature review
-Analyze and critically appraise the literature Develop a plan of care
-Implement the plan of care
-Evaluate the effectiveness of the plan of care
-The GRADE criteria can be used during the literature review and appraisal of the
literature process to evaluate the articles.
-Clinical reasoning is the basis for the nursing process.

Regular physical exercise has which effects during childhood?

Optimized nutrition
Improved bone
Decreased levels of obesity
Improved cognitive skills
Decreased risk of sports participation injury
Optimized nutrition: While regular physical activity in childhood has benefits
related to improved health and reduced levels of obesity, this does not equate to
optimal nutrition or best eating habits, which are more learned behaviors from
family.

Improved bone health: Physical activity improves bone health through weight-bearing
activities.

Decreased levels of obesity: Physical activity decreases the tendencies for being
overweight and obese in children of all ages.

Improved cognitive skills: Physical activity improves cognitive skills through the
release of brain chemicals key for memory, concentration, and mental sharpness.

Decreased risk of sports participation injury: While regular physical activity can
help with an increase in muscle tone and bone strength, it has not been shown to
decrease the risk of sports participation injury.
A 9-year-old child tells the nurse that he enjoys picking out his own clothes each
morning. The child demonstrates which developmental phase of childhood?
Infancy
Early Childhood
Middle Childhood
Adolescence
Infancy: During infancy, children develop gross and fine motor skills, cognitive
and communication skills, social skills, and emotional skills. Independent
decision-making is not part of the infancy phase.