MOHIT TIWARI (65)

GURU TEGH BAHADUR INSTITUTE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Fundamental of computing
(FOC) PRACTICAL FILE
IT 2

PRESENTED BY: MOHIT TIWARI (65)

ENROLLMENT NO: 06513203120

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

Experiment No. 01

 OBJECTIVE : - To prepare a resume in word using features like table

for including, qualification, bullets, alignment etc.

BASICS OF MS WORD
Let us first understand some basic aspects of Microsoft Word.

➢ What is MS Word?
Used to make professional-quality documents, letters, reports, etc., MS Word
is a word processor developed by Microsoft. It has advanced features which
allow you to format and edit your files and documents in the best possible
way.

➢ Where to find MS Word on your personal computer?

Follow these simple steps to open MS Word on your personal computer:
Start → All Programs → MS Office → MS Word.

➢ What are the uses of MS Word?

MS Word enables users to do write-ups, create documents, resumes, contracts,
etc. This is one of the most commonly used programs under the Office suite.

➢ How to create an MS Word document?

To create an MS Word doc, follow the steps mentioned above to open
Microsoft Word. Then once the program is open, click on “File” followed by
IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)
“New”. This opens a new doc where something new can be created.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)
Since it is used by people of all age groups, in schools, in colleges and for
official purposes, having proper knowledge of Microsoft Word is a must. The
preview of the MS Doc file once it is opened is given below:

COMPONENTS OF MS WORD

Component Functionality or Purpose of the Component

Menu Bar Contains File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools,
Table, Window and Help menus

Standard Contains icons for shortcuts to menu commands.

Toolbar

Formatting Contains pop-up menus for style, font, and font size; icons
Tool Bar for boldface, italic, and underline; alignment icons; number
and bullet list icons; indention icons, the border icon,
highlight, and font color icons.
Ruler Ruler on which you can set tabs, paragraph alignment, and
other formats.

Insertion Blinking vertical bar that indicates where text you type will
Point be inserted. Don’t confuse the insertion point with the
mouse I-beam. To move the insertion point, just click the
mouse where you want the point moved.
End-of-File Non-printing symbol that marks the end of the file. You
Marker cannot insert text after this mark.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

Selection Invisible narrow strip along the left edge of the window.
Bar Your mouse pointer changes to a right-pointing arrow when
(Gutter) it is in this area. It is used to select a line, a paragraph, or
the entire document.
Split Handle Double-click to split the window in two (to view different
portions of the same file). Double-click to return to one
window

Status Bar Displays page number, section number, and total number
of pages, pointer position on page and time of day.
Task Pane Displays and groups commonly used features for
convenience.

Office An animated character that can provide help and

Assistant suggestions. There are multiple characters to choose from,
and it is possible to turn the Office Assistant off.

FEATURES OF MS WORD

Now let us read more about the features and components of an MS Word doc file in
detail.
The image given below shows the different elements and categories which are
available in MS Word doc:

➢ Home
This has options like font colour, font size, font style, alignment, bullets, line spacing,
etc. All the basic elements which one may need to edit their document is available
under the Home option
➢ Insert
Tables, shapes, images, charts, graphs, header, footer, page number, etc. can all be
IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)
entered in the document. They are included in the “Insert” category.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

➢ Design
The template or the design in which you want your document to be created can be
selected under the Design tab. Choosing an appropriate tab will enhance the
appearance of your document.
➢ Page Layout
Under the Page Layout tab comes options like margins, orientation, columns, lines,
indentation, spacing, etc.
➢ References
This tab is the most useful for those who are creating a thesis or writing books or
lengthy documents. Options like citation, footnote, table of contents, caption,
bibliography, etc. can be found under this tab.
➢ Review
Spell check, grammar, Thesaurus, word count, language, translation, comments, etc.
can all be tracked under the review tab. This acts as an advantage for those who get
their documents reviewed on MS Word.
Apart from all the above-mentioned features, the page can be set in different views
and layouts which can be added and optimised using the View tab on the Word
document. Margins and scales are also available for the benefit of the users.

COMPARISON BETWEEN LIBRE OFFICE WRITER AND

MS WORD
Major Feature
LO Writer 7.1 MS Word 2019 / 365
Differences

Handling of captions for

Yes. Stable layout No. Layout problems
graphics or image boxes

Styles (page styles, frame

Yes No
styles, list styles)

Overlining of text Yes No

No. Supported but
Master documents for Yes. Master documents and
deprecated because it causes file
longer texts Master document templates
corruption
supported
Redaction tool /
sanitization of classified Yes. Supported. No
information
Register-true feature /
register accuracy (DTP- Yes No
feature)

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)
Business card wizard Yes No

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

Text auto completion

of words already used Yes No
before
XForms documents
Yes No
creation

Mathematical calculations
Yes. Complex calculations No. Only basic arithmetic
in tables

DocBook import & export Yes No

Export to MediaWiki
Yes No
(Wikipedia) format

Export to XHTML Yes No

Export to EPUB e-book

Yes No
file format (.epub)
Export document as Yes. Supported,
No
image(s) image formats: .jpg,
.png
Import of Apple
Yes. Support for Pages No
Pages documents

Yes. Ability to type math using the

Use of LaTeX syntax
No. Extension: TexMaths LaTeX syntax (Not supported in
for formulas
macOS version)
Vertical alignment (top/
center/bottom) of content No, workarounds via frame/table Yes
on page

No, but effects are preserved on

Picture styles & additional
import and export. Glow effect Yes
effects
and soft edges supported

View changes in the right

margin in "track changes" No In development Yes
mode
Diagonal borders in
No Yes
tables

Extended reading mode

No Yes
of documents

Collapse and expand

Available as experimental feature Yes
parts of a document
Instant messaging while
collaborating on No Yes
document

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

MOHIT TIWARI
C 21 sarraswati puram colony Contact No.: +91- 7017752114
Kankhal Haridwar Email: Mohittiw2002@gmail.com

————————————————————

Objective
• To become a software engineer. To further my professional career with a technical
management position, bringing 4 years of experience in application development and quality
assurance.

Education Qualification

Class Board/University Institution Year of Passing Subjects

Central Board Of Science, Math,

St. Mary sr. sec.
10th Secondary Education 2018 English, Hindi,
School
(CBSE) Social Science

Central Board Of Physics,

CR OASIS sr.
12th Secondary Education 2020 Chemistry, Math,
sec. school
(CBSE) English, Comp. Sc.

Guru Tegh
Indraprastha Information
B. Tech Bahadur Institute Pursuing
University (IPU) Technology
of Technology

Languages Known
• C
• C++
• JavaScript

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)
• Simple Query Language (SQL)

Achievements
• Completed Machine Learning program held by Google

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)
Strengths

• Focused
• Honesty
• Leadership
• Continuous learning
• Self-Control

• Flexibility
• Teamwork

Hobbies
• Reading Books
• Coding and problem solving
• Listening to Music

• Watching animated series, movies etc.

• Solving puzzles and mysteries online and offline

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

Experiment No. 02

• Aim: - Demonstration of PC dismantling

• Components of a CPU
1. Power Supply Unit: A power supply unit (PSU) converts mains AC to low-
voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a computer. Modern
personal computers universally use switched-mode power supplies. Some power
supplies have a manual switch for selecting input voltage, while others automatically adapt
to the mains voltage.

2. Hard-Disk Drive: A computer hard disk drive (HDD) is a non-volatile memory hardware
device that controls the positioning, reading and writing of the hard disk, which furnishes
data storage. Hard disk drives are commonly used as the main storage device in a
computer. HDDs often store operating system, software programs and other files, and can
be found in desktop computers, mobile devices, consumer electronics and enterprise
storage arrays in data centers. A hard disk drive -- often shortened to hard drive -- and hard
disk are not the same things, but they are packaged as a unit and either term can refer to the
whole unit.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

3. CD-ROM: Short for Compact Disc Read-Only Memory, a CD-ROM is an optical

disc that contains audio or software data whose memory is read-only. A CD-ROM
Drive or optical drive is the device used to read them. CD-ROM drives have speeds
ranging from 1x to 72x, meaning it reads the CD roughly 72 times faster than the 1x
version. As you would imagine, these drives are capable of playing audio CDs and
reading data CDs, including CD-R and CD-RW discs.

4. CPU-Socket: In computer hardware, a CPU socket or CPU slot contains one or more
mechanical components providing mechanical and electrical connections between a
microprocessor and a printed circuit board. This allows for placing and replacing the
central processing unit without soldering.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

5. CPU-Fan: A computer fan is any fan inside, or attached to, a computer case used
for active cooling. Fans are used to draw cooler air into the case from the outside,
expel warm air from inside and move air across a heat sink to cool a particular
component. Both axial and sometimes centrifugal fans are used in computers.

6. Motherboard: The motherboard is the main circuit board of your computer and is
also known as the mainboard or logic board. If you ever open your computer, the
biggest piece of silicon you see is the motherboard. Attached to the motherboard,
you'll find the CPU, ROM, memory RAM expansion slots, PCI slots, and USB ports.
It also includes controllers for devices like the hard drive, DVD drive, keyboard, and
mouse. Basically, the motherboard is what makes everything in your computer work
together. Each motherboard has a collection of chips and controllers known as
the chipset. When new motherboards are developed, they often use new chipsets. The
good news is that these boards are typically more efficient and faster than their
predecessors. The bad news is that older components often do not work with new
chipsets. Of course, if you are planning on upgrading multiple components, it may be
more cost-effective to just buy a new computer.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

7. RAM: Alternatively referred to as main memory, primary memory, or system

memory, RAM (random-access memory) is a hardware device that allows
information to be stored and retrieved on a computer. RAM is usually associated
with DRAM, which is a type of memory module. Because data is accessed randomly
instead of sequentially like it is on a CD or hard drive, access times are much faster.
However, unlike ROM, RAM is a volatile memory and requires power to keep the
data accessible. If the computer is turned off, all data contained in RAM is lost.

8. CPU: Stands for "Central Processing Unit." The CPU is the primary component of a
computer that processes instructions. It runs the operating system and applications,
constantly receiving input from the user or active software programs. It processes
the data and produces output, which may store by an application or displayed on the
screen.
The CPU contains at least one processor, which is the actual chip inside the CPU
that performs calculations. For many years, most CPUs only had one processor, but
now it is common for a single CPU to have at least two processors or "processing
cores." A CPU with two processing cores is called a dual-core CPU and models with
four cores are called quad-core CPUs. High-end CPUs may have six (hexa-core) or
even eight (octo-core) processors. A computer may also have more than one CPU,
which each have multiple cores. For example, a server with two hexa-core CPUs has
a total of 12 processors.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

9. Video-Card/Graphics Card: Alternatively known as a display adapter, graphics

card, video adapter, video board, or video controller, a video card is an
expansion card that connects to a computer motherboard. It is used to create a
picture on
a display; without a video card, you would not be able to see this page. More plainly,
it's a piece of hardware inside your computer that processes images and video, some
of the tasks normally handled by the CPU. Video cards are used by gamers in place
of integrated graphics due to their extra processing power and video ram.

10. Internet Card: A network interface controller is a computer hardware component

that connects a computer to a computer network. Early network interface
controllers were commonly implemented on expansion cards that plugged into a
computer bus.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

11. Front Panel: A front panel was used on early electronic computers to display
and allow the alteration of the state of the machine's internal registers and
memory.
The front panel usually consisted of arrays of indicator lamps, digit and symbol
displays, toggle switches, dials, and push buttons mounted on a sheet metal face
plate.

12. PATA Cable (Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment): PATA cables are
flat cables with 40-pin connectors (in a 20x2 matrix) on either side of the cable. One
end of the cable plugs into a port on the motherboard, usually labeled IDE, and the
other into the back of a storage device like a hard drive.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

13. SATA Cable (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment): Serial ATA (SATA,
abbreviated from Serial AT Attachment) is a computer bus interface that connects
host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives, optical drives, and
solid-state drives. Serial ATA succeeded the earlier Parallel ATA (PATA) standard to
become the predominant interface for storage devices.

14. BIOS (Basic Input/Output System): In computing, BIOS (Basic Input/Output

System and also known as the System BIOS, ROM BIOS or PC BIOS) is firmware
used to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on
startup), and to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs. The
BIOS firmware comes pre-installed on a personal computer's system board, and it is
the first software to run when powered on. The name originates from the Basic
Input/ Output System used in the CP/M operating system in 1975. The BIOS
originally proprietary to the IBM PC has been reverse engineered by some
companies (such as Phoenix Technologies) looking to create compatible systems.
The interface of that original system serves as a de facto standards. The BIOS in
modern PCs initializes and tests the system hardware components, and loads a boot
loader from a mass storage device which then initializes an operating system.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

15. CPU Cabinet: A computer case, also known as a computer chassis, tower, system
unit, or cabinet, is the enclosure that contains most of the components of a personal
computer (usually excluding the display, keyboard, and mouse). Cases are usually
constructed from steel (often SECC—steel, electrogalvanized, cold-rolled, coil),
aluminum and plastic. Other materials such as glass, wood, acrylic and even Lego
bricks have appeared in home-built cases.

16. Keyboard Port: The PS/2 (Personal System/2) port, also referred to as the mouse
port or keyboard port, was developed by IBM. It is used to connect a computer
mouse or keyboard to an IBM compatible computer. The PS/2 port is a mini-DIN
plug that contains six pins and is still sometimes found on all IBM compatible
computers.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)
17. Mouse Port: A dedicated socket in the computer for a mouse. On the first desktop
PCs, the mouse connected via the serial port, which was superseded by the PS/2 port.
Today, mice plug into any USB port, although motherboards with PS/2 sockets are
still made. The Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) was used for keyboards and mice on the
first Macs but was later replaced with USB.

18. USB Port: Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an industry standard that establishes
specifications for cables and connectors and protocols for connection, communication
and power supply (interfacing) between computers, peripherals and other computers.
A broad variety of USB hardware exists, including eleven different connectors, of
which USB-C is the most recent. USB was designed to standardize the connection of
peripherals to personal computers, both to communicate with and to supply electric
power.
USB connectors have been increasingly replacing other types as charging cables of
portable devices.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)
19. VGA Ports: A Video Graphics Array (VGA) connector is a standard connector used
for computer video output. Originating with the 1987 IBM PS/2 and its VGA
graphics system, the 15-pin connector went on to become ubiquitous on PCs, as
well as many monitors, projectors and high-definition television sets. Other
connectors have been used to carry VGA-compatible signals, such as mini-VGA or
BNC, but "VGA connector" typically refers to this design.

20. RJ45 – Connector Point: A registered jack (RJ) is a standardized physical

network interface for connecting telecommunications or data equipment. The
physical connectors that registered jacks use are mainly of the modular connector
and 50-pin miniature ribbon connector types. The most common twisted-pair
connector is an 8- position, 8-contact (8P8C) modular plug and jack commonly
referred to as an RJ45 connector.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

21. RJ45: An 8-pin/8-position plug or jack is commonly used to connect computers onto
Ethernet-based local area networks (LAN). Two wiring schemes–T568A and
T568B– are used to terminate the twisted-pair cable onto the connector.

22. Audio Ports: An audio port on a computer is any receptacle or jack to which
an audio device such as speakers, headphones or a microphone can be connected. All
laptops and some desktops have built-in speakers, but for better sound or privacy, you
will need to connect external audio through one of the ports.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

Experiment No. 03

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

• GENERAL PURPOSE COMMANDS : -

(Clear the screen) CLS :-

This command is used to clear the screen or wipe out everything written on the screen.

Syntax :- C:\> CLS and press Enter

(Directory) DIR :-

Dir command is used for listing files and directories present in the current disk.

Syntax:- C:\> DIR

(Version) VER :-

Version numbers indicates that which edition of DOS we are working on.

Syntax:- C:\> VER press enter

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)
(Volume) VOL :-

Displays the disk volume label and serial number, if it exist.

Syntax:- C:\> VOL press enter

DATE :-

Display the current Date

Syntax:- C:\>DATE

TIME :-

Display current time

Syntax:- C:\> TIME

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)
 FILE RELATED COMMANDS :-

OPY CON :-
This command gives the facility to create a new text file.
Syntax:- C:\> COPY CON <File
Name> C:\>COPY CON
ROSE.TXT

After copy con we must specify a suitable file name. Press enter. Start typing the
information of the file. After gathering the information, we press ^Z (CTRL+Z)
button or F6 button to save the file. After pressing enter key computer will show
a message like 1 file(s) copied. This means that file is stored in the disk. Suppose
we don't want to save the file or we just want to abort from file creation job,
then we simply press ^C (CTRL+C) button to abort without saving the file, intend
of pressing.
Notes:- 1. Never forget to give a suitable filename
2. You can use extension as .TXT for denoting the file as Text file.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)
TYPE:-
This command is used to display the contents or text of any file to the display device.

Syntax:- C:\> TYPE <Filename>

A:\>TYPE ROSE.TXT

A clock in a office can never get stolen

Too many employees watch it all the

time

COPY :-
Copy command is used for copy any file to another location or to copy the files to another
directory. This command may also be used for copying any file to another disk with
different file name
Syntax:- C:\> COPY <Source Filename><Target
Filename> C:\>COPY ROSE.TXT GULAB.TXT

1 file(s) copied

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)
(Rename) REN :-
This command is used to change the name of any file or
directory. Syntax:- C:\> REN <Source Filename><Target
Filename>

C:\>REN ROSE.TXT LOTUS.TXT

If we get successfully C:\ that means filename or directory name is get
changed. Either it will show the error message.
To changing the filename present in floppy disk C:\
>REN A:\ROSE.TXT LOTUS.TXT

Note:- You cannot specify a new drive or path for your destination.

DEL:-
This command is used for erasing any file from the disk.

Syntax:- C:\> DEL <Filename>

C:\>DEL LOTUS.TXT

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)
If it successfully erase the file from disk then C:\> prompt will be appear,
either computer will show an error message.
Note: - /P option is used for permission before deleting the file.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

DIRECTORY RELATED COMMANDS : -

(Make Directory)MD :-
This command allows to create a new directory.
Syntax:- C:\> MD
C:\> MD REPORT
C:\
Now this directory can be used for keeping various sort of reports. Under
this directory we can create another directory which is known as
subdirectory.

(Change Directory) CD :-
We can enter or exit from any directory using this command.
Syntax:- To access any directory

C:\> CD <Directory Name>

C:\> CD REPORT C:\
REPORT>
Prompt will change with the directory name. If we keep two dots after CD
command than we will exit from the directory.

(Remove directory) RD :-
This command is used when we want to remove any unusable directory form our disk.
Syntax:- C:\> RD <Directory
Name> C:\> RD REPORT

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

PATH:-
This command is used for display or sets directories for executable files.

Syntax:- C:\> PATH

This command display current path settings.
C:\> PATH=C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND;C:\WINDOWS\;C:\TC
This command will sets the directories windows, the command subfolder of
windows and TC folder for executable files. Operating system will look for
executable files in these directories.
NOTE:- If we need any help for above DOS commands the we put a '/?' symbol
after writing the command at DOS prompt .
Example:- C:\> DIR/? or C:\> COPY/?

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

Experiment No. 04

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

Microsoft Excel

What is an Excel ?

• Microsoft Excel has the basic features of all spreadsheets, using a grid
of cells arranged in numbered rows and letter-named columns to organize data manipulations
like arithmetic operations. It has a battery of supplied functions to answer statistical,
engineering, and financial needs. In addition, it can display data as line graphs, histograms
and charts, and with a very limited three-dimensional graphical display. It allows sectioning
of data to view its dependencies on various factors for different perspectives (using tables
and the scenario manager).

A Pivot Table is a powerful tool that can save time when it comes to data analysis. It does
this by simplifying large data sets via PivotTable fields that are also known as "the building
blocks of PivotTables." It has a programming aspect, Visual Basic for Applications, allowing
the user to employ a wide variety of numerical methods, for example, for solving differential
equations of mathematical physics, and then reporting the results back to the spreadsheet. It
also has a variety of interactive features allowing user interfaces that can completely hide the
spreadsheet from the user, so the spreadsheet presents itself as a so-called application, or
decision support system (DSS), via a custom-designed user interface, for example, a stock
analyser, or in general, as a design tool that asks the user questions and provides answers and
reports.

In a more elaborate realization, an Excel application can automatically poll external databases
and measuring instruments using an update schedule, analyse the results, make a Word report
or Power Point slide show, and e-mail these presentations on a regular basis to a list of
participants. Excel was not designed to be used as a database.

• Microsoft allows for a number of optional command-line switches to control the

manner in which Excel starts.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

What are the advantages of Excel ?

• Easy data entry and operations: One of the main advantages of MS excel is that it
facilitates smooth and easy data entry. Compared to any other data entry and
analysing tools, MS Excel offers features like Ribbon interface, a set of commands
used to perform certain operations. Ribbon consists of many tabs, which again
consist of many command groups and their buttons. You can select the commands
by clicking the related button and perform operations very easily.

• Accurate comparisons and analysis options: MS Excel provides many analytical tools
for the accurate analysis and comparison of large amounts of data. The advanced
sorting and filtering techniques allows you to sort out large amount of data so that it
will be easier for you to find out the required information. Also, filtering removes
unwanted or repeated data and helps to save time and effort.

• Allows graphical representation of data: MS Excel allows you to create the visual
representation of data and information. The data can be visually displayed in the
form of bar charts, column charts and graphs. It automatically revises the charts and
graphs, once the data gets modified. Tables help to classify different entities
according to their characteristics and features.

• Compatible with other business applications: Since the recent versions of MS Excel
is compatible with many other business applications like MS office, other web
applications etc., it allows you to import excel data to other applications. Also, the
cloud computing facility helps to update and upload your excel document from all
locations, which can be accessed later through various devices like smartphones,
tablets, laptops etc.

• Ready to use formulas: MS Excel performs all mathematical and logical functions
like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, average, sum, mod, product etc.
Excel provides many formulas that helps you to solve both simple and complex
calculations.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

• AIM — To prepare an excel sheet having student’s data such as Roll No., Name
and Marks of 5 subjects: 1,2,3,4,5.
• PROCEDURE —
1. Firstly, we have to open the excel and start working on it.

2. At the very first step, select column ‘A’ and write the S. No’s of the students, the start
writing from no. 1 to 10.

3. Then, following the second row ‘B’, we write the names of the student there like,
Mayank, Diya, Prachi, etc.

4. After that in the following rows we write the names of subjects that we wish to write or
want to secure the data, like FOC, Math, MP, Chemistry, etc.

5. Then, like we want to calculate the sum, average, count number, maximum no.,
and minimum no., so we make a separate column for each one.

6. Now your spread sheet looks like this.,

FOC Practical File 2021

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

Experiment No. 06

• AIM — To calculate the values of sum, average, count, maximum and

minimum using built-in excel.

• PROCEDURE —
1. Now with the help of the same spread sheet we have form in experiment no.- 06,
we have to fill the marks obtained by the students in each of the subjects.

2. When marks of each subject are added, then we have to select the one column by
double clicking on one of the rows and selecting it towards forward direction in
respect to column and select all the subject marks.

3. If we want to calculate the ‘SUM’ - After selecting one column of marks go to

auto sum option at the righthand upper portion of the excel, select sum. When
we select and click sum, the total sum of all the subject we will get.

4. If we want to calculate the ‘AVERAGE’ - After selecting one column of marks

go to auto sum option at the righthand upper portion of the excel, select average.
When we select and click average, the total average of all the subject we will get.

5. If we want to calculate the ‘COUNT NO.’ - After selecting one column of marks
go to auto sum option at the righthand upper portion of the excel, select count
number. When we select and click count no., the total count of the subject we
will get.

6. If we want to calculate the ‘MAXIMUM’ - After selecting one column of marks

go to auto sum option at the righthand upper portion of the excel, select
maximum. When we select and click maximum, the maximum marks from all
of the subject we will get.

7. If we want to calculate the ‘MINIMUM’ - After selecting one column of marks

go to auto sum option at the righthand upper portion of the excel, select
minimum. When we select and click minimum, the minimum marks from all of
the subject we will get.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

Experiment No. 07

• AIM — To create a 2D bar chart for a student data in excel sheet with x-axis
and y-axis.

• PROCEDURE —
1. So, we have done with the whole data collection of the particular student. Now we have
to make data easily understandable by using “BAR CHART”.
2. We use “BAR CHART” to display and compare the number, frequency or other
measure for different discrete categories of data.

3. Now we have to select the whole data that we make for a particular student.

4. Firstly, select the data from row ‘I’ to row ‘M’, where the sum, average, count no.,
maximum marks and minimum marks are recorded.

5. After selecting the rows from ‘I’ to ‘M’, go to “INSERT” and select the chart option
from there and select the 2D bar chart, then click on it and you will get a bar chart
representation of your data.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

Experiment No. 08

 OBJECTIVE : - To make a macro in word using keyboard shortcut and name.

 THEORY :- In word we can automate frequently used tasks by creating and

running macros. A macro is a series of commands and instructions that we group
together as single command to accomplish a task automatically. Then we can
run the macro by clicking a button on the quick access toolbar or pressing a
combination of keys.
• PROCEDURE : -
1.
open the application open office writer on desktop.
2.
click on tools.
3.
select in tools > record macro
4.
add data
5.
go on insert while recording macro to add images or table
6.
when data is added stop recording> type a name for the macro and save
it.
7.
to use this macro in any new documents we make sure the macro is
stored in box says all documents
8.
then close that windows.
9.
click on tools> select macro> run macro
10.
In run macro click on my macro> then click on standard than module 1
> then select macro name
11.click on macro name and run.

• TO CREATE SHORTCUT FOR MACRO :-

1)
Select or click on tools
2)
Go to customize
3)
In menu select toolbar
4)
In toolbar change standard to formatting
5)
Click on add
6)
Click categories and open the open office macros
7)
Click on my macro and select name of file or macro
8)
Click on add
9)
Close the windows
IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)
10)
We can see the created shortcut under the default option in menu bar.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

• Aim: - Draw the flowchart to find the factorial of a number.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

• Aim: - Draw the flowchart to find the largest number.

START

READ THE 3 NUMBERS AS A, B, C

IS A>B?

IS B>C? IS A>C?

PRINT “C IS THE
PRINT “B IS THE PRINT “A IS THE
LARGEST NUMBER”
LARGEST NUMBER” LARGEST NUMBER”

END

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

• Aim : - An item can be purchased at 2 different rates as given below:

a) if the quantity is less than 100, Rs 10 per item
b) if the quantity is equal to or greater than 100, Rs 9 per item
Find the total cost of the quantity. Draw the flowchart for the above problem

• Algorithm : -
1. START
2. ENTER THE VALUE OF QUANTITY N
3. IF N<100
4. TRUE- COST OF ITEM= N* 10
5. IF N>=10 - COST OF ITEM= N*9
6. STOP

START

ENTER VALUE OF
QUANTITY N

IF N>=100

“THE COST IS:” N* 10 “THE COST IS:” N* 9

END

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

• Aim: - Draw the flowchart to find if the number is odd or even.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

• Aim: - Draw the flowchart to find if the year is a leap year or not.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

• Aim :- To make an invitation card in MS Word using different fonts and colours.
• Procedure :-
1. After opening the Microsoft Word app in your computer, head to the file
section > New > Blank document. After that, go to the page layout section
and select orientation and then select landscape. Finally, go to the column
section and select the number of columns you would like( we recommend
two columns ). Using two columns, you can now include images , any text
you would like, and any type of decorations you would like to use on the
column that is on the right side ( hand ) - this is what will make up the front
of your birthday card.
2. Click on the page layout section then click on the page colour.
3. Go the page layout section and click on page border.
4. Head to Home and select Word Art section- here you can choose the type
of text that you would like to use.
5. Open ClipArt and go to insert and select pictures.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

Experiment No. 15

 OBJECTIVE : - To use the mail merge feature of word.

 PROCEDURE :-
1.
In a blank Microsoft Word document, click on the Mailings tab, and in
the Start Mail Merge group, click Start Mail Merge.
2.
Click Step-by-Step Mail Merge Wizard.
3.
Select your document type. In this demo we will select Letters. Click Next:
Starting document.
4.
Select the starting document. In this demo we will use the current (blank)
document. Select Use the current document and then click Next: Select
recipients.
5.
Note that selecting Start from existing document (which we are not doing in
this demo) changes the view and gives you the option to choose your
document. After you choose it, the Mail Merge Wizard reverts to Use the
current document.
6.
Select recipients. In this demo we will create a new list, so select Type a
new list and then click Create.
7.
Create a list by adding data in the New Address List dialog box and
clicking OK.
8.
Save the list.
9.
Note that now that a list has been created, the Mail Merge Wizard reverts to
Use an existing list and you have the option to edit the recipient list.
10.
Selecting Edit recipient list opens up the Mail Merge Recipients dialog box,
where you can edit the list and select or unselect records. Click OK to accept
the list as is.
11.
Click Next: Write your letter.
12.
Write the letter and add custom fields.
13.
Click Address block to add the recipients' addresses at the top of
the document.
14.
In the Insert Address Block dialog box, check or uncheck boxes and

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)
select options on the left until the address appears the way you want it to.

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)
15.
Note that you can use Match Fields to correct any problems. Clicking Match
Fields opens up the Match Fields dialog box, in which you can associate the
fields from your list with the fields required by the wizard.
16.
Press Enter on your keyboard and click Greeting line... to enter a greeting.
17.In the Insert Greeting Line dialog box, choose the greeting line format by
clicking the drop-down arrows and selecting the options of your choice, and then click
OK.
18. Note that the address block and greeting line are surrounded by chevrons («
»). Write a short letter and click Next: Preview your letters.
19. Preview your letter and click Next:
Complete the merge.
20. Click Print to print your letters or Edit
individual letters to further personalize
some or all of the letters.

FOC Practical File 2021

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

Experiment No. 16

 AIM: - To make the following directory structure Using MS DOS and perform the
given questions.

 Procedure: -
1.
Open command prompt.
2.
Move to the directory where you want to start making new directories by using ‘CD..’
command.
3.
Use ‘MD’ command to make ‘Institute’ directory. Example: -

4.
Now write ‘CD Institute’ to enter that directory.
5.
Again, use ‘MD’ command to make ‘Institute 1’ and ‘Institute 2’ directories.
6.
Use ‘DIR’ command to check whether directories have been created
successfully.Example :-

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

7.
Now write ‘CD Institute 1’ to move to that directory and use ‘MD’ command to
make directories ‘Physics’, ‘Maths’ and ‘Chemistry’.
8.
Again use ‘MD’ command to make directories A, B, C in Physics, Maths,
Chemistry directories respectively.
9.
Use ‘DIR’ command to check whether directories have been created successfully.
Example: -

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)
10.
Now use ‘CD..’ command to come out of the directory and use ‘CD Institute 2’ to
move to ‘Institute 2’ directory.
11.
Once again, use ‘MD’ to create directories CSE, IT, ECE and EEE having sub-
directories 1 in CSE, 2 and 3 in IT, 4 in ECE, 5 and 6 in EEE.
12.
Use ‘DIR’ command to check whether directories have been created successfully.
Example :-

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

Experiment No. 17

ANSWER 21 (a)
1. Use ‘CD’ command to enter EEE directory.
2. Use Move or ‘MV’ command to move directory from <source> to <target>.
Example: -

3. Use ‘CD..’ to exit and ‘CD’ command to enter Institute 1 directory and use
‘DIR’ command to verify your result. Example :-

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

ANSWER 21 (b)
1. Use ‘CD..’ to exit and ‘CD’ command to enter Institute 2 directory and ECE directory.
2. Now use ‘RD’ command to remove ‘4’ directory, then only you will be able to
remove ECE directory.
3. Now use ‘CD..’ command to come out of ECE directory and use ‘RD’ command
to remove ECE directory.
4. Use ‘DIR’ command to verify your result. Example :-

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

ANSWER 21 (c)
1. Use ‘REN’ command followed by < “original name”><space>
< “new name”> to rename the directory.
2. Use ‘DIR’ command to verify your result. Example :-

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

Experiment No. 18

Aim:- To make a power point presentation on “Introduction to Computers”

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI (65)

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI
(65)

Experiment No. 19

• Aim – To Make a presentation of 6 slides on storage Devices

• Software used – open office.org
• Prerequisite – Knowledge of how to make a presentation in open
office.org.
• Procedure –
1. Start the program by selecting Presentation in the group
OpenOffice.org (or OpenOffice.org Impress under
Linux/KDE) in the Start menu. The wizard of
OpenOffice.org Impress appears to help you create the
basis of your presentation with only a few mouse clicks.
2. Since you have not yet created a presentation choose
“Empty presentation”. Later on, you can select your
own presentations and patterns.
3. Click “Next” The next dialog appears:

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI
(65)

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI
(65)

IT 2 FOC
 MOHIT TIWARI
(65)

IT 2 FOC