Lista de Exercı́cios de Logaritmos com Respostas:

Logaritmos:

1. Calcule, pela definição, os seguintes logaritmos:

1
(a) log2 . (b) log8 4. (c) log0,25 32.
8
1 2 5
Respostas: (a) log2 = −3 (b) log8 4 = (c) log0,25 32 = − .
8 3 2

2. Calcule, pela definição, os seguintes logaritmos:

1 1
(a) log4 16. (b) log3 . (c) log81 3. (d) log 12 8. (e) log7 . (f) log27 81.
9 7
1
(g) log125 25. (h) log 14 32. (i) log9 . (j) log0,25 8. (k) log25 0, 008. (l) log0,01 0, 001.
27

Respostas:
1 1 1 4
(a) log4 16 = 2 (b) log3 = −2 (c) log81 3 = (d) log 12 8 = −3 (e) log7 = −1 (f) log27 81 =
9 4 7 3
2 5 1 3 3 3
(g) log125 25 = (h) log 14 32 = − (i) log9 =− (j) log0,25 8 = − (k) log25 0, 008 = −
3 2 27 2 2 2
3
(l) log0,01 0, 001 = .
2

3. Calcule os seguintes logaritmos:

√ √ √ √
(b) log√7 49. (d) log√8 (e) log√5
3 4
(a) log2 2. (c) log100 10. 32. 5.
√ √ 1 3
(f) log√27 (h) log√4 √ (i) log√3 √
3
9. (g) log √1 27. 3
.
3 8 3

Respostas:
√ 1 √ 1 √ 5 √ 1
(b) log√7 49 = 4 (c) log100 10 = (d) log√8 32 = (e) log√5 5 =
3 4
(a) log2 2 =
2 6 3 2
√ 2 √ 3 1 3 2
(f) log√27 9 =
3
(g) log √1 27 = − (h) log√4 √ = −3 (i) log√3 √
3
=− .
9 3 2 8 3 3
√ {
25 2}
−
3
4. Determine o conjunto solução da equação: log 35 . Resposta: S = .
9 3

5. Calcule a soma Si nos seguintes casos:

4
(a) S1 = log100 0, 001 + log1,5 − log1,25 0, 64.
9
√ √ √
(b) S2 = log8 2 + log√2 8 − log√2 8.
√
1 √ √
√
(c) S3 = log 9 − log√0.5 8 + log √3
100
6
0, 1.
27
( ) ( ) ( )
(d) S4 = log4 log3 9 + log2 log81 3 + log0,8 log16 32 .
 3 19 5
Respostas: (a) S1 = − (b) S2 = (c) S3 = 2 (d) S4 = −
2 6 2

6. Calcule o valor de:

(a) 8log2 5 . (b) 31+log3 4 . (c) 32−log3 6 . (d) 3log3 2 . (e) 4log2 2 . (f) 5log25 2 . (g) 81+log4 5 . (h) 21+log2 5 .

Respostas:
3
a) 8log2 5 = 125. (b) 31+log3 4 = 12. (c) 32−log3 6 = . (d) 3log3 2 = 2. (e) 4log2 2 = 4.
2
√ √ √
(f) 5log25 2 = 2. (g) 81+log4 5 = 6 125 = 40 5. (h) 21+log2 5 = 10.

7. Sendo a, b, e c números reais positivos, desenvolva as expressões aplicando as propriedades dos logarı́tmos :
( ) ( 3 2) ( 3 ) ( ) ( )
2ab a b a 5a ab3
(a) log2 . (b) log3 . (c) log 2 √ . (d) log 5 . (e) log 3 √ .
c c4 b2 c bc 3
c a2
( 2) ( √ ) √ √ √
√
ab a2 b ab3 a 4a ab
(f) log3 . (g) log2 √ . (h) log . (i) log 3 2 √ . (j) log2 √ .
c 3
c c2 b c 3
b a2 b
v( √ √
u
u √ )2 ( √ )
t a4 ab 8a2 4 b 100 a2 b3 0, 1 a3
√ √ √ .
3
(k) log . (l) log2 . (m) log 5
. (n) log 3
2 3
b bc 0, 5 c
5
0, 1c 10 b3 4 c

Respostas:
( ) ( )
2ab a3 b2
(a) log2 = 1 + log2 a + log2 b − log2 c. (b) log3 = 3 log3 a + 2 log3 b − 4 log3 c.
c c4
( 3 ) ( )
a 1 5a
(c) log2 √ = 3 log2 a + 2 log2 b + log2 c. (d) log5 = 1 + log5 a − log5 b − log5 c.
b2 c 2 bc
( ) ( )
ab3 1 ab2
(e) log3 √
3
= log3 a + 3 log3 b − log3 c. (f) log3 = log3 a + 2 log3 b − log3 c.
c a2 3 c
( √ ) √
a2 b 1 1 ab3 1 3
(g) log2 √ = 2 log2 a + log2 b − log2 c. (h) log 2
= log a + log b − log c.
3
c 2 3 c 2 2

√ √
√
a 1 2 1 4a ab 5 5
(i) log 3 √ = log a − log b − log c. (j) log2 √ =1+ log3 a − log3 b.
b2 c 3 3 6 3 2
b a b 12 12
v(
u
u √ )2 ( √ )
t a4 ab 11 2 8a2 4 b 1
√ = 3 log a − log b − log c. √ = 2 + 2 log2 a + log2 b − 5 log2 c
3
(k) log 3
(l) log2
2
b bc 9 9 0, 5 5 c 4

√ √
100 a2 b3 3 3 5 0, 1 a3 2 1
(m) log 5
= − log a + log b − log c. (n) log 3
3
√ = − + log a − log b − log c.
0, 1c 2 2 2 10 b c 4
3 12
8. Sendo a, b, e c números reais positivos tais que a > b > c > 0, desenvolva as expressões aplicando as propriedades
dos logarı́tmos :
( ) ( √ ) ( √ ) (√ )
2a a2 bc a(a + b)2 5
a(a − b)2
(a) log2 . (b) log3 √ . (c) log c 3
√ . (d) log √ .
a2 − b2 5
(a + b)3 b (a2 + b2 )
Respostas:

(a) 1 + log2 a − log2 (a − b) − log2 (a + b).

1 1 3
(b) 2 log3 a + log3 b + log3 c − log3 (a + b).
2 2 5
2 1 2
(c) log10 a − log10 b + log10 c + log10 (a + b).
3 6 3
1 2 1
(d) log10 a + log10 (a − b) − log10 (a2 + b2 ).
5 5 2

9. Sendo a,b e c reais positivos, qual a expressão cujo desenvolvimento logarı́tmo é:

(a) 1 + log2 a − log2 b − 2 log2 c. (b) log2 a + log2 b − log2 c.

1 1 3 1 1
(c) log2 a − log2 c − log2 b. (d) 2 + log2 a + log2 b − log2 c.
3 2 2 3 6

√ √ √
2a ab 3
a 43 a c
Respostas: (a) . (b) (c) √ (d) .
bc2 c b3 c c

10. Sabendo que log30 3 = a e log30 5 = b, calcule log10 2.

( ) ( 30 )
log30 2 log30 30 log30 5·5 log30 30 − log30 5 − log30 3 1−a−b
Resposta: log10 2 = = ( 30 ) =
15 ( 30 ) = =
log30 10 log30 3 log30 3 log30 30 − log30 3 1−a

11. Sabendo que log20 2 = a e log20 3 = b, calcule log6 5.

1 − 2a
Resposta log6 5 = .
a+b

12. Se log12 27 = a, calcule log6 16.

4(3 − a)
Resposta log6 16 = .
a+3

13. Calcule log0,04 125.

3
Resposta log0,04 125 = − .
2
14. Se log2 m = k, determine o valor de log8 m.
k
Resposta log8 m = .
3

15. Determine o valor de: log3 2 · log4 3 · log5 4 · log6 5 · log7 6 · log8 7 · log9 8 · log10 9·.

Resposta log10 2.

16. Sendo y = ex para x pertencente a R expresse sua função inversa.

Resposta: f −1 (x) = loge x, x ∈ R∗+ .

1
17. Se f (x) = loge , calcule o valor de f (e3 ).
x
Resposta: f (e3 ) = −3.

18. Construa os gráficos das funções:

(a) f (x) = log2 | x |. (b) f (x) = | log2 x |. (c) f (x) = | log2 | x | |.

19. Determine o domı́nio da função f (x) = log3 (X 2 − 4).

{  }

Resposta: Df = x ∈ R  x ≤ −2 ou x > 2 .

20. Determine o domı́nio das funções:

x+1
(a) f1 (x) = log2 (1 − 2x). (b) f2 (x) = log3 (4x − 3)2 . (c) f3 (x) = log5 .
1−x
( ) ( )
(d) f4 (x) = log x2 + x − 12 . (e) f5 (x) = log3−x x + 2 .
] [ { } ] [
1 3 ] [ ] [
Respostas: (a) Df1 = −∞ , . (b) Df2 = R − . (c) Df3 − 1 , 1 . (d) Df4 = − ∞ , −4 ∪ 3 , +∞ .
2 4
] [ ] [
(e) Df5 = − 2 , 2 ∪ 2 , 3 .

21. Resolva as equações:

1 √
(a) 2x = 3. (b) 52x−3 = 3. (c) 5x = 4. (d) 3x = . (e) 7 x
= 2.
2
2
(f) 3(x )
= 5. (g) 54x−3 = 0, 5. (h) 32x+1 = 2. (i) 72−3x = 5.
 { } { } { } { 1} {( )2 }
Respostas: (a) S = log2 3 . (b) S = log25 375 . (c) S = log5 4 . (d) S = log3 . (e) S = log7 2 .
2
{√ √ } { } { 2} { 49 }
(f) S = log3 5 , − log3 5 . (g) S = log625 62, 5 . (h) S = log9 . (i) S = log343 .
3 5

22. Resolva as equações:

(a) 23x−2 = 32x+1 . (b) 2x = 3x+2 . (c) 72x−1 = 33x+4 . (d) 5x−1 = 34−2x .
{ } { } { } { }
Respostas: (a) S = log 89 12 . (b) S = log 32 9 . (c) S = log45 405 . (d) S = log 49
27
567 .

23. Resolva as equações:

(a) log4 (3x + 2) = log4 (2x + 5). (b) log3 (5x − 6) = log3 (3x − 5).

(c) log2 (5x2 − 14x + 1) = log2 (4x2 − 4x − 20). (d) log 13 (3x2 − 4x − 17) = log 31 (2x2 − 5x + 3).

(e) log4 (4x2 + 13x + 2) = log4 (2x + 5). (f) log 12 (5x2 − 3x − 11) = log 21 (3x2 − 2x − 8).
{ }
{ } { } { } 1
Respostas: (a) S = 3 . (b) S = ∅. (c) S = 3 , 7 . (d) S = 4 , −5 . (e) S = . (f) S = ∅.
4

24. Resolva as equações:

(a) log5 (4x − 3) = 1. (b) log 12 (3 + 5x) = 0.

{ }
{ } 2
Respostas: (a) S = 2 (b) S = − .
5

25. Resolva as equações:

( )
(a) log24 x − 2 · log4 x − 3 = 0. (b) 6 · log22 x − 7 log2 x + 2 = 0. (c) logx logx − 1 = 6.
( )
(d) log2 x 2 · log2 x − 3 = 2. (e) 2 · log24 x + 2 = 5 · log4 x. (f) log3 x = 4 · logx.
{ } { } { }
1 {√ √ } 1 1
4, √
3
Respostas: (a) S = 64 , (b) S = 2, 4 (c) S = 1000 , (d) S =
4 1000 2
{ }
{ } 1
(e) S = 2 , 16 (f) 1 , 100 , .
100